NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. Describe the work that Thulasi does. How is it different from the work Raman does?
Answer:

• Thulasi works in the paddy field from 8:30 in the morning till 4:30 in the evening. She transplants the paddy when they have grown a little. She does all the work at home like cooking, washing clothes, and cleaning the house. She also goes to the nearby forest to collect firewood.
• On the other hand, Raman is a laborer. He sprays pesticides on the saplings. When there is no work on the farm, he finds work outside, either loading sand from the river or stone from the quarry nearby. This is sent by truck to be used in nearby towns to make houses.

Question 2. Thulasi gets paid very little money for the work she does. Why do you think agricultural laborers like her are forced to accept low wages?
Answer:

Agricultural labourers are forced to accept low wages for their work because there is no other kind of work in the village for them and this work provides them assurance that they will be called again.

Question 3. In what ways would her way of earning a living have been different if Thulasi owned some farmland? Discuss.
Answer:

If Thulasi had owned some farmland, she would have cultivated her field. The whole produce and the money she got after selling would have belonged to her. If she had purchased fertilizers and seeds from the traders on loan, she would have had to pay them back

Question 4. What are the crops grown in your region or nearby rural areas? What kinds of work do agricultural laborers do?

Answer:

• Wheat is cultivated in my region.
• The laborers do activities like plowing the fields, filling the fields with water, weeding, and harvesting.

Question 5. What work does Sekar’s family do? Why do you think Sekar does not usually employ laborers for doing farming work?
Answer:

Sekar’s family works in the fields cultivating and growing crops. Sekar does not usually employ laborers for farming work because he owns a very small plot of land and it is cultivated by him and his family. If outside help is needed at the time of harvesting, he takes the help of other small farmers and in turn, helps them harvest their fields.

Question 6. Why does Sekar not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy?
Answer:

Sekar does not go to the town market to get a better price for his paddy because he gets about 60 bags of paddy. Some of these will be sold to settle the loan and the rest will be used in his home. He does not have a surplus to sell in the town market.

Question 7. What are the similarities and differences between Sekar and Thulasi’s lives? Your answer could be based on the land that they have, their need to work on the land that belongs to others, or loans that they need and their earnings
Answer:

The similarities and differences between Sekar and Thulasi are

• Thulasi and Sekar both are laborers and work on the land.
• They work from morning till evening in the paddy fields.
• Both of them need to take a loan
• Both have to work to get additional money. Sekar works for Ramalingam and Thulasi has to do all household chores like collecting firewood and fetching water. 0.10 again Sekar’s and Thulasi’s accounts.

Question 8. Read again Sekar’s and Thulasi’s accounts What do they say about Ramalingam, the large farmer? Together with what you have read fill in the details below

1. How much land does he have
2. What does Ramalingam do with the paddy grown on his land?
3. Apart from farming how else does he earn?

Answer:

• He owns about 20 acres of land.
• Ramalingam uses paddy to produce rice in the rice mill, which is then sold to traders in nearby towns.
• The other sources of ofRamalingam’s earnings are
• He gives loans to poor people and gets interest.
• He also owns a rice mill and buys paddy from
• within the village and nearby areas, so profit is earned by him

Question 9. From the figures would you say that a majority of the country’s farmers are quite poor? What do you think can be done to change this situation?
Answer:

In India, about 80 percent of rural families are agricultural labourers and they do not earn a sufficient amount so that they can meet their requirements. To improve their position, the government has to provide some facilities such as easy loans, some land, seeds, fertilizers, etc.

Question 10. Why do both Sekar’s and Aruna’s families have to borrow? What similarities and differences do you find?
Answer:

Sekar’s family borrows money because he owns about 2 acres of land and produces about 60 bags of paddy, which is not sufficient for his family. During monsoon, Aruna’s family cannot go to the sea as this is the time when fish breed. Arana needs to borrow money so that they can survive during the monsoon months.

Similarities

• Both have to work very hard, from morning till evening to earn their living.
• Both are under the burden of the traders, from whom they have borrowed money.

Differences

• Sekar is a small farmer and Arana is a fisherwoman.
• Some additional work is done by Sekar while Arana does not need to.

Question 11. Have you heard of tsunamis? What is this and what damage do you think it might have done to the life of fishing families like Aruna’s?
Answer:

• Tsunami is a Japanese word that is made of two smaller words ‘tsu’ and ‘nami’.It is a killer wave. These waves gain both in height and speed when they reach the coast. They cause widespread destruction. Villages are washed away.
• The villages are flooded with water debris floating on the water. It takes away everything that comes in its way.
• The fishermen, who live near the coast, may have lost their huts and belongings.

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Exercises

Question 1 You have probably noticed that people in Kalpattu are engaged in a variety of non-farm work. List five of these.
Answer:

The people of Kalpattu village are engaged in non-farm activities like

1. Making pots
2. Making basket
3. Making bricks
4. Making utensils
5. Making bullock-carts

Question 2 List the different types of people you read about in Kalpattu who depend on farming. Who is the poorest among them and why?
Answer:

• Landowners, farmers having small plots of land, and landless laborers are some of the people who depend on farming.
• Landless labor is the poorest among them because their earning depends on the availability of labor in farming or any other work that they can do

Question 3. Imagine you are a member of a fishing family and you are discussing whether to take a loan from the bank for an engine. What would you say?
Answer:

• If we were a member of a fishing family, I would say, we must take a loan from the bank to improve the condition of our occupation because
• The best quality net for fishing costs very high.
• Catamaran engines are very useful for fishing because, with the help of these, we can go far away to catch fish.
• Poor fishermen cannot purchase these items because they are very costly. So, we must take loans from the bank to improve our social status.

Question 4 Poor rural laborers like Thulasi often do not have access to good medical facilities, good schools, and other resources. You have read about inequality in the first unit of this text. The difference between her and Ramalingam is one of inequalities. Do you think this is a fair situation? What do you think can be done? Discuss in class.
Answer:

• No, it is not a fair situation.
• The government can take the following steps to improve this situation
• Provide assistance to poor farmers in buying seeds, fertilizers, etc.
• Provide water and electricity supply.
• Provide land for farming purposes to landless laborers.
• Provide loans at a low rate of interest to poor farmers.

Question 5 What do you think the government can do to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt? Discuss.

Answer:

The government can do the following things to help farmers like Sekar when they get into debt

Provide easy availability of loans from banks at low rates of interest.

Providing insurance of cultivation to farmers.

Seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides can be provided at reasonable prices.

Question 6 Compare the situation of Sekar and Ramalingam by filling out the table.

Answer:

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Review Exercise

Question 1. Kalpattu village is surrounded by which of the following land features? Or By which land features is the village Kalpattu surrounded?

1. High hills
2. Mountain ranges
3. Plain land
4. Low hills

Answer: 4. Low hills

Question 2. Which of the following villages is a fishing village?

1. Pudupet
2. Kuooalulam
3. Nagaland
4. Kslpattu

Answer: 1. Pudupet

Question 3. How do fishermen survive during the monsoon?

1. Borrowing from the traders
2. Working on wages
3. Move to other villages in search of jobs.
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Borrowing from the traders

Question 4. What is the main occupation of people living in rural areas?

1. Working on non-farms
2. Working in banks
3. Working on farms
4. Working in the public sectors

Answer: 3. Working on farms

Question 5. Which of the following is not a farming activity?

1. Ploughing
2. Harvesting
3. Basket making
4. Weeding

Answer: 3. Basket making

Question 6. “Rama is a landless laborer who works on the land of a rich peasant named Mohan. She took a huge debt from the landowner for the treatment of her sick husband. However, she was unable to repay her debt on time due to which Mohan is not giving her money for the work.

” What kind of support the government should provide for such laborers?

1. Provide land for agriculture at a low rate of interest.
2. Provide cheap credit facilities.
3. Generate awareness related to loan programs of banks.
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 7. Which of the following is the correct sequence of steps involved in paddy cultivation?

1. Land preparation → Sowing → transplanting → Harvesting
2. Sowing → Land preparation → Transplanting → Harvesting
3. Transplanting → Land preparation → Sowing → Harvesting
4. Harvesting → Land preparation → Sowing → Transplanting

Answer: 1. Land preparation → Sowing → transplanting → Harvesting

Question 8. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. Kalpattu is a village that’s far from the sea coast.
2. There are no blacksmiths, nurses, teachers, washermen, weavers, barbers, or cycle repair mechanics in Kalpattu

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2
4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Only 1

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) Farmers in India are at risk of getting caught in a debt trap.

Reason (R) The crops can be ruined if the monsoon does not bring enough rain.

Codes:

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer:

Question 2. Assertion (A): People in villages near coastal areas earn their livelihood by farming.

Reason (R): Fishing is an important source of rural livelihood in coastal areas.

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. If the _________________ are not good quality pets can attack the crops.

Answer: Seeds

Question 2. Two-thirds of India’s agricultural labourers are _________________labourers.

Answer: Landless

Question 3. Nearly _________________of all rural families are agricultural laborers in our country.

Answer: two – fifth

Question 4. Employment in the field in rural areas is _________________

Answer: Seasonal

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods True/False

Question1. People in rural areas earn their living in various ways.
Answer: True

Question2. In India, 60 percent of farmers are large farmers.
Answer: False

Question3. Small farmers in rural areas borrow money from moneylenders.
Answer: True

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Picture Based Question

Question 1. Choose the following options on the basis of the picture given below. How many times does an agricultural laborer get to work in the paddy field in a year?

1. Once
2. Twice
3. Three Times
4. Four times

Answer: 3. Three Times

Question 2. Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow

1. Describe the works that you see people doing in the above picture.
Answer:

The work that people are doing in this picture follows

• Hawker
• Fishing
• Labourers carrying goods
• Labourers working in the fields
• Plucking fruits and vegetables
• Shopkeeper

2. Identify the different types of work that are related to farming and those that are not.
Answer:

• Works related to farming
• Labourers working in the fields
• Plucking fruits and vegetables

Works not related to farming are

• Hawker
• Labourers carrying goods
• Fishing
• Shopkeeper

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• People in rural areas earn their living in various ways. Some work on farms while others earn their living on non-farm activities.
• Working on farms involves operations such as preparing the land, sowing, weeding, and harvesting crops. We depend on nature for the growth of these crops. Hence, life revolves around certain seasons.
• People are busy during sowing and harvesting and less so at other times. Rural people in different regions of the country grow different crops.
• However, we do find similarities in their life situations and in the problems that they face. How people are able to survive or earn will depend upon the land that they cultivate.
• Many depend on these lands for work as laborers. Most farmers grow crops both for their own requirements and also to sell in the market. Some have to sell to traders from whom they have borrowed money.
• For their survival, many families need to borrow money for their work or when no work is available. There are some families in rural areas that thrive on large acres of land, business, and other activities.
• However, most small farmers, agricultural laborers, fishing families, and craftspersons in the villages do not find enough work to keep them employed throughout the year.

Question 1. What is/are the main way(s) in which people in rural areas earn their living?

1. Farming and non-farm activities
2. Farming only
3. Non-farm activities only
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Farming and non-farm activities

Question 2. What is/are the main challenge(s) faced by people in rural areas?

1. Lack of employment
2. Poverty
3. Exploitation by middlemen
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 3. What are some of the operations involved in working on farms?

1. repairing the land
2. Sowing
3. Weeding
4. Harvesting

These

1. Both 1 and 2
2. 2, 3, and 4
3. 1, 2, and 4
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 4. Why do some farmers have to sell their crops to traders from whom they have borrowed money?

1. Because they don’t have enough land to grow their own food.
2. Because they need to repay their loans
3. Because they don’t have the time to market their crops themselves.
4. All of the above

Answer: 2. Because they need to repay their loans

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Terrace Farming in Nagaland This is a village called Chizami which is in Phek district in Nagaland. The people of this village belong to the Chakhesang community. They do terrace cultivation.
• This means that the land on a hill slope is made into flat plots and carved out in steps. The sides of each plot are raised in order to retain water. This allows water to stand in the field, which is best for rice cultivation. The people of Chizami have their own individual fields.
• But they also work collectively in each other’s fields. They form groups of six or eight and take an entire mountainside to clean the weeds on items Each group eats together once their work for the day is over. This goes on for several days until the work is completed.

1. Give a brief description of the village place described in the above passage.
Answer:

The above passage describes a village called Chizami, which is in the Phek district of Nagaland. The people of this village belong to the Chakhesang community. They do terrace cultivation.

2. Discuss, how the villagers work in their fields.
Answer:

The villagers ofChizami have their own individual fields. But they also work collectively in each other’s fields. They form groups of six or eight and take an entire mountainside to clean the weeds on it. They work for several days until the work is completed.

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Very Short Questions and Answers

Question 1. What is the work of people who reside in the village Kalpattu?
Answer:

In Kalpattu village, people are engaged in farming and also in many non-farm works such as making baskets, utensils, pots, bricks, bullock carts, etc.

Question2. What other crops are grown in the village Kalpattu apart from paddy?
Answer:

Apart from paddy, plants such as coconut groves, cotton, sugarcane, and plantain are also grown in Kalpattu village.

Question 3. What do you mean by harvesting?
Answer:

Harvesting is the act of picking and collecting the crops.

Question 4. Why do small farmers in rural areas have to borrow money?
Answer:

Small farmers in rural areas often borrow money from moneylenders to purchase seeds, fertilizers, and pesticides.

Question 5. How much rural families are dependent on agricultural labor?
Answer:

In India, about two out of every five rural families are agricultural laborer families. All of them depend on the work they do in other people’s fields to earn a living.

Question 6. What do you mean by terrace cultivation?
Answer:

In terrace cultivation, the land on a hill slope is made into flat plots and carved out in steps. The sides of each plot are raised in order to retain water. This method is best for rice cultivation.

Question 7. Name the major means of livelihood in rural areas
Answer:

The major means of livelihood in rural areas are fishing farming, dairy farming, poultry farming, etc.

Question 8. Give an example of non-farming activities.
Answer:

Non-farming activities are pot making, fishing, weaving, etc.

Question 9. In which state is Pudupet village situated?
Answer:

Pudupet village is situated in Tamil Nadu.

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe the problems faced by rural people in the country.
Answer:

The problems faced by rural people in the country follow

• The people have to go to the nearby forest to collect firewood.
• They work for long hours in the fields in tough conditions on very low wages.
• They need to borrow money when there is no livelihood.

Question 2. Discuss the situation of different groups of farmers in India.
Answer:

• In India, 80 percent of farmers belong to the small farmers group that possesses land that is barely enough to meet their needs.
• Only 20 percent of India’s farmers are large farmers. These large farmers cultivate most of the land in the villages. A large part of their produce is sold in the market.
• Many of them have started other businesses such as shops, moneylending, trading, small factories, etc.

Question 3. What are the problems faced by fishermen during the monsoon period?
Answer:

• The monsoon period is the most difficult period for fishermen to continue with their livelihood. It is the breeding period of fish. During this time the fishermen cannot go to the sea.
• They survive this period by borrowing money from the traders. Due to this they have to sell their fishes to the traders at low prices and cannot do their own auctions.

Question 4. Why do rural people spend time on non-earning work? Why do they need to do this work?
Answer:

• In rural areas, poor families spend most of their time in activities that do not earn them money like collecting firewood, getting water, etc. but they have to do them for their household.
• They need to do these activities as they are not able to survive on the little money earn’

Question 5. Apart from working on the land, I do all the tasks at home. I cook food for my family, clean the house, and wash clothes. I go with other women to the nearby forest to collect firewood.

1. In which activities did the poor people spend most of their time?
Answer:

Poor people in rural areas often spend a lot of time every day collecting firewood, getting water, and grazing their cattle. These activities occupy more time than working on land.

2. Do they benefit financially from these activities? If not, then why do they do them?
Answer:

No, they do not benefit financially from these activities. Even though they do not earn any money from these activities they have to do them for the household. The family needs to spend time doing this as they are not able to survive on the little money they earn

Civics Chapter 7 Rural Livelihoods Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Give a brief account of rural livelihoods.
Answer:

There are several ways to earn a living in rural areas.

These are farming and non-farming activities.

• The farming activities are
• Preparing the land
• Harvesting
• Transplanting

People of rural areas are dependent upon the seasons, sometimes they face problems such as the failure of crops, etc.

• Non-farming activities are
• Making baskets
• Making pots
• Making bullock-carts

Some of the people have shops such as a blacksmith’s shop, tea shop, grocery shop, barber shop, cycle repair shop, etc.

Question 2. What are the reasons that can lead to crop failure? How a farmer be caught in debt because of crop failure?

Answer:

• Crops can be destroyed if the seeds are not of good quality or if pests attack the crop. Sometimes, the crops of the farmers are destroyed if the monsoon does not bring enough rain. When this situation takes place, farmers sometimes are unable to pay back their answer:
• To survive their families, farmers may have to borrow more money and finally, the amount of loans becomes very large. During these times, when they are unable to repay the loan, they are caught in debt.
• In recent years, debt has become a major cause of distress among farmers due to which many farmers have committed suicide
• Kalpattu is the village of Pudupet. People here earn their living by fishing. Their houses are close to the sea and one finds rows of catamarans and nets lying around.

Describe the life of the fishing community in Pudupet.

Answer:

• The life of the fishing community in Pudupet is both challenging and rewarding. They depend on the sea for their livelihood, and their lives are closely linked to the seasons
• They have to take a loan from the bank to purchase equipment like the engine which is fixed onto the catamaran. The fish are sold in an auction to the small buyers and the traders.
• During the months of monsoon, fishing cannot be done because it is the time when fish breed. During these months, the fishing families survive by borrowing from the trader due to which they have to sell the fish later to the trader, and cannot auction