NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Social Science Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System

Question 1. What do animals and plants require in order to grow and survive?
Answer:

Plants and animals require oxygen and water to survive while they require proper nutrition to grow.

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Exercise

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(1) How does a planet differ from a star?
Answer:

The planet differs from a star in different ways such as

• The planet moves around the Sun while the star remains fixed.
• The planet doesn’t have its own light and heat but stars have their own light and heat.
• The planets are generally smaller in size than stars.

(2) What is meant by the ‘solar system’?
Answer:

The Sun, eight planets, satellites, and other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system.

(3) Name all the planets according to their distance from the Sun.
Answer:

The planets according to their distance from the Sun are Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, and Neptune.

(4) Why is the Earth called a unique planet?
Answer:

The Earth is a unique planet in the solar system because it is the only planet where life exists.

(5) Why do we see only one side of the Moon always?
Answer:

We always see only one side of the Moon because the Moon takes about 27 days to complete a spin of the Earth which is similar to its time of one revolution and because of its revolution, we can see only one side of the Moon.

(6) What is the universe?
Answer:

The collection of millions of galaxies is called the universe.

Question 2. Tick the correct answer.

(1) The planet known as the “Earth’s twin” is

1. Jupiter
2. Saturn
3. Venus

Answer: 3. Venus

(2) Which is the third nearest planet to the Sun?

1. Venus
2. Earth
3. Mercury

Answer: 2. Earth

(3) All the planets move around the Sun in a

1. circular path
2. rectangular path
3. elongated path

Answer: 3. Rectangular path

(4) The Pole Star indicates the direction of the

1. South
2. North
3. East

Answer: 2. North

(5) Asteroids are found between the orbits of

1. Saturn and Jupiter
2. Mars and Jupiter
3. Earth and Mars

Answer: 2. Mars and Jupiter

Question 3. Fill in the Blanks

(1) A group of …… forming various patterns is called a …….

Answer: stars, constellation

(2) A huge system of stars is called ……..

Answer: galaxy

(3) …….. is the closest celestial body to our Earth.

Answer: The Moon

(4) …….. is the third nearest planet to the Sun.

Answer: The Earth

(5) Planets do not have their own ……. and ……

Answer: light, heat

Question 4. During a vacation, visit a planetarium and describe your experience in the class.

Answer:

I visited the Nehru Planetarium in Delhi during my vacation. I went there with my parents and elder brother. My experience of the planetarium was fantastic and enjoyable.

I have learned a lot after visiting there. I got to know about the movement of planets and satellites. I also came to know about the stars and constellations. I learned about the functioning of the following things by visiting the planetarium

• Solar System The live show about the structure and functioning of the solar system revealed the arrangement of planets, satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids. I also came to know about how the entire solar system is moving because of gravitation. It showed how the Sun emits light and heat1.
• Structure of Planets The program showed the structure of each planet’s surroundings and surface with ‘how was it made’.
• Structure of Satellites The show also revealed the structure and movement of satellites like the Moon and artificial satellites, etc. The functioning of artificial satellites was shown.
•  Eclipse Half an hour program explained the cause that creates the condition of both solar and lunar eclipses.
• Stars The short film also explained how the stars emit light and heat and how massive.
• Apart from these, all the exhibition of photos with short descriptions made me aware of the universe and its components. After visiting the planetarium, I made an entry in my diary and made a project on it.

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. The period between a full Moon and a new Moon is known as

1. Solar eclipse
2. Lunar eclipse
3. Fortnight
4. Constellation

Answer: 3. Fortnight

Question 2. What are celestial bodies that emit their own heat and light called?

1. Planets
2. Stars
3. Satellites
4. Asteroids

Answer: 2. Stars

Question 3. What is the term for a pattern formed by different groups of stars?

1. Orbits
2. Constellations
3. Rings
4. Satellites

Answer: 2. Constellations

Question 4. The Pole Star is also known as

1. Alpha Centauri
2. North star
3. Sirius
4. Vega

Answer: 2. North star

Question 5. What is the source of heat and light for the solar system?

1. Moon
2. Stars
3. Planets
4. Sun

Answer: 4. Sun

Question 6. Which among the following planets has rings? 

1. Earth
2. Saturn
3. Mars
4. Uranus

Answer: 2. Saturn

Question 7. Which is the smallest planet in our solar system?

1. Earth
2. Mercury
3. Venus
4. Jupiter

Answer: 2. Mercury

Question 8. In Roman mythology, what does ‘Sol’ represent?

1. Moon
2. Sun
3. Stars
4. Planets

Answer: 2. Sun

Question 9. How far is the Sun from the Earth?

1. 1 million km
2. 50 million km
3. 150 million km
4. 500 million km

Answer: 3. 150 million km

Question 10. What is the term for the path in which a planet or satellite moves around?

1. Constellation
2. Orbit
3. Geoid
4. Eclipse

Answer: 2. Orbit

Question 11. Which celestial body is considered the Earth’s twin due to its shape and size?

1. Jupiter
2. Venus
3. Mars
4. Saturn

Answer: 2. Venus

Question 12. What is the shape of the Earth called?

1. Ellipsoid
2. Geoid
3. Sphere
4. Cube

Answer: 2. Geoid

Question 13. What makes the Earth known as the ‘blue planet’?

1. Presence of air
2. Presence of water
3. Presence of life
4. Extreme temperatures

Answer: 3. Presence of life

Question 14. Who was the first man to step on the surface of the Moon?

1. Buzz Aldrin
2. Yuri Gagarin
3. Neil Armstrong
4. Michael Collins

Answer: 3. Neil Armstrong

Question 15. Which ancient astronomer said that the Moon and planets shine due to reflected sunlight?

1. Galileo Galilei
2. Johannes Kepler
3. Aryabhatta
4. Copernicus

Answer: 3. Aryabhatta

Question 16. What is the term for an artificial body designed to gather information about the universe or for communication?

1. Asteroid
2. Meteoroid
3. Satellite
4. Planet

Answer: 3. Satellite

Question 17. What is the term for small pieces of rocks that move around the Sun?

1. Satellites
2. Meteoroids
3. Asteroids
4. Constellations

Answer: 2. Meteoroids

Question 18. Our solar system is a part of which galaxy?

1. Andromeda Galaxy
2. Milky Way Galaxy
3. Sombrero Galaxy
4. Triangulum Galaxy

Answer: 2. Sombrero Galaxy

Question 19. Who named the Milky Way Galaxy as ‘Akash Gang a’?

1. Aristotle
2. Aryabhatta
3. Galileo Galilei
4. Copernicus

Answer: 2. Aryabhatta

Question 20. What is the shape of the Earth’s orbit around the Sun?

1. Circular
2. Elliptical
3. Rectangular
4. Spherical

Answer: 2. Elliptical

Question 21. The Earth is the third planet from the Sun in our solar system and is a unique place for living beings. It is also known for its diverse ecosystems, abundant water, and delicate balance of environmental Conditions.

Consider the following statements about the Earth and choose the incorrect option.

1. The Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.
2. Venus is known as the twin sister of the Earth.
3. It is also known as the ‘Blue Planet’.
4. The Earth is approximately 3,84,400 km away from the Sun.

Answer: 4. The Earth is approximately 3,84,400 km away from the Sun.

Question 22. Which of the following statements is correct regarding the planets in our solar system? 

1. ‘Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has an extreme temperature.
2. Saturn is often referred to as the ‘Red Planet’.
3. Jupiter is the second largest planet of our solar system.
4. Pluto (Dwarf Planet) was classified as a planet in 2006.

Answer: 1. ‘Mercury is the closest planet to the Sun and has extreme temperatures.

Question 23. Rajesh from Ladakh, an Astronomy enthusiast has observed an increasing number of artificial satellites orbiting Earth, contributing to concerns about space debris. What is the most likely consequence of this growing trend?

1. Improved communication technologies.
2. Enhanced weather prediction accuracy.
3. Increased risks of satellite collisions and space debris.
4. Advancements in space exploration.

Answer: 3. Increased risks of satellite collisions and space debris.

Question 24. Identify the correct option that describes the name of the planet given below.

1. It is in the center of the solar system.
2. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases.
3. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system.

Options

1. Saturn
2. Earth
3. Neptune
4. Sun

Answer: 4. Sun

Question 25. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The shape of the Earth is elliptical.
2. The Moon is a natural satellite of the Earth.
3. Saturn has no rings at all.

Codes

1. 1 and 2
2. Only 2
3. Only 1
4. Only 3

Answer: 2. Only 2

Question 26. Arrange the following planets according to their positions from the Sun.

1. Venus
2. Mars
3. Earth
4. Neptune

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 1, 3, 4
3. 3, 2, 1, 4
4. 1, 3, 2, 4

Answer: 4. 1, 3, 2, 4

Question 27. Arrange the following planets according to their sizes

1. Jupiter
2. Mercury
3. Uranus
4. Saturn

Codes

1. (1), (2), (3), (4)
2. (3), (4), (1), (2)
3. (2), (3), (4), (1)
4. (1), (4), (3), (2)

Answer: 4. (1), (4), (3), (2)

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Match the Following

Question:

Codes

• A B C D E

1. 2 1 4 5 3
2. 4 3 5 2 1
3. 1 3 5 4 2
4. 1 4 2 3 5

Answer: 1. 2 1 4 5 3

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Assertion And Reason

Assertion (A) Ursa Major or Big Bear is a constellation.

Reason (R) Various patterns formed by different groups of stars are called constellations.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) Meteors sometimes do not burn completely and can strike the Earth’s surface and create a hollow.

Reason (R) Meteoroids are big pieces of rocks that move around the Sun and can come close to the Earth.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Roth A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The Sun, the Moon, and all those objects shining in the night sky are called …….

Answer: celestial bodies

Question 2. The word ’planet’ comes from the Greek word …….. which means ‘wanderers’.

Answer: Planeta

Question 3. ……… is in the center of the solar system.

Answer: The Sun

Question 4. The Moon moves around the Earth in about ……. days.

Answer: 27

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System True/False

Question 1. Stars emit heat and light independently.

Answer: True

Question 2. The full Moon appears only once in a fortnight.

Answer: False

Question 3. The Pole Star remains constant and shows the South direction.

Answer: False

Question 4. Planets in the solar system receive light and heat from the Moon.

Answer: False

Question 5. Asteroids are large celestial bodies found between the orbits of Earth and Mars.

Answer: False

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Picture Based Questions

Question 1. Identify the geographical features that exist on the satellite shown in the image.

1. Occam and rivers
2. Deserts and forests
3. Mountains, plains, and depressions
4. Lakes and valleys

Answer: 3. Mountain, plains, and depressions

Question 2. Look at the picture of asteroids given below carefully and tick the correct option.

Asteroids are part of

1. Sun
2. Planets
3. Meteoroids
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Planets

Question 3. Look at the picture of the solar system including the planets given below and answer the question that follows.

(1) How many satellites does Mars have?

Answer: Mars has two satellites.

(2) What is the name of the star at the center of our solar system?

Answer: Sun

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Case Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Our Earth has only one satellite, that is, the Moon. Its diameter is only one-quarter that of the Earth. It appears so big because it is nearer to our planet than other celestial bodies.
• It is about 3,84,400 km away from us. The Moon moves around the Earth in about 27 days. It takes exactly the same time to complete one spin. As a result, only one side of the Moon is visible to us on the Earth.
• The Moon does not have conditions favorable for life. It has mountains, plains, and depressions on its surface. These cast shadows on the Moon’s surface. Look at the full Moon and observe these shadows.

1. What is the diameter of the Moon compared to the Earth?

1. Half
2. One-quarter
3. Equal
4. Double

Answer: 2. One-quarter

2. What phenomenon causes shadows on the Moon’s surface?

1. Solar flares
2. Lunar eclipses
3. Mountains and Depressions on the Moon
4. Earth’s magnetic field

Answer: 3. Mountains and depressions on the Moon

3. In how many days Moon revolve around the Earth?

1. 28
2. 27
3. 30
4. 15

Answer: 2. 27

4. Why does the Moon not have conditions favorable for life according to the passage?

1. Lack of atmosphere
2. Extreme temperatures
3. High gravitational pull
4. Intense radiation

Answer: 1. Lack of atmosphere

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• All the eight planets of the solar system move around the Sun in fixed paths. These paths are elongated. They are called orbits. Mercury is nearest to the Sun.
• It takes only about 88 days to complete one round along its orbit. Venus is considered as ‘Earth’s-twin’ because its size and shape are very much similar to that of the Earth.

1. What is the significance of Mercury’s orbit in the solar system?

Answer:

Mercury’s orbit holds significance in the solar system as it mercury completes one round along its orbit in approximately 88 days, the shortest among all the planets. This shows its rapid movement in an elongated orbit.

2. In what way does Venus resemble Earth, as mentioned in the passage?

Answer:

• Venus is referred to as Earth’s twin due to its similar size and shape, highlighting the resemblance between the two planets in the solar system.
• The Sun is in the center of the solar system. It is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It provides the pulling force that binds the solar system. The Sun is the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system

3. Why Is the Sun considered the central and essential component of the solar system?

Answer:

The Sun is considered the central and essential component in the solar system as it provides the gravitational force that binds the entire system together. Moreover, the Sun serves as the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system.

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Which celestial body remains constant and indicates the North direction?
Answer:

The Pole Star remains constant and indicates the North direction.

Question 2. What is a constellation? Give two examples.
Answer:

A group of stars forming different patterns is called a constellation. Saptarishi, Ursa Major, and Big Bear are some examples of constellations.

Question 3. What does ‘solar’ mean and from where it has originated?
Answer:

The term ‘solar’ denotes a relation to the Sun. It originated from the Roman word ‘Sol,’ meaning Sun god in Roman mythology.

Question 4. How far is the Moon from the Earth?
Answer:

The Moon is 384,400 km away from the Earth.

Question 5. What is the name of the group of seven stars that forms a part of the Ursa Major constellation?
Answer:

The group of seven stars that forms part of the Ursa Major constellation is called Saptarishi.

Question 6. What do astronomers study?
Answer:

Astronomers study about celestial bodies and their movements.

Question 7. What do you mean by human-made satellite?
Answer:

A human-made celestial body designed for communication or gathering information is called a satellite.

Question 8. What are meteoroids?
Answer:

Meteoroids are small parts of rocks that exist in space. They tend to fall on the Earth’s surface when they come close to the Earth.

Question 9. Name the planets that have rings around them.
Answer:

Jupiter, Saturn, and Neptune are the planets with rings around them.

Question 10. How did ancient people determine direction during the night?
Answer:

Ancient people determined direction at night with the help of stars. The Pole star, remaining constant, indicated the North direction.

Question 11. What do the rings around some planets consist of?
Answer:

The rings around some planets consist of belts of small debris. These rings are observable from Earth with powerful telescopes.

Question 12. What is the name of the solar system’s central star?
Answer:

The name of the solar system’s central star is the Sun.

Question 13. What is the period between the full Moon and the new Moon, when the Moon is not visible at all, called?
Answer:

The period between full Moon and new Moon, when the Moon is not visible at all, is called new Moon night or ‘ Amavasya.

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Why is the Moon not visible at all after a fortnight?

Answer:

• After a fortnight, the Moon becomes entirely invisible, marking the onset of the new Moon night or Amavasya.
• During this phase, the Moon is positioned between the Earth and the Sun, with its dark side facing us, making it invisible to us. This happens every month contributing to the cyclical nature of Moon phases.

Question 2. Explain about constellations with examples.

Answer:

• The various patterns formed by different groups of stars are called constellations. Ursa Major or Big Bear is an example of the constellation.
• The constellation that is very common and can be easily seen is Saptarishi (sapta means seven and rishi means sages). It is a group of seven stars, that forms a part of Ursa Major Constellation.
• One can locate the position of the Pole star with the help of the Saptarishi. If an imaginary line is drawn joining the pointer stars and extended further, it will point to the Pole star.

Question 3. Why can’t we observe bright objects in the sky during the daytime?

Answer:

• We can’t observe bright objects in the sky during the daytime because the brilliance of sunlight hides our view of bright objects in the sky during the daytime.
• The sunlight makes celestial bodies like stars, almost invisible against the bright background of the sunlit sky. This phenomenon limits our ability to observe and appreciate these objects, which become more prominent and visible in the darkened night sky.

Question 4. Differentiate between a star and a planet. Diksha

Answer:

The following differences between a star and a planet are

• Stars have their own heat and light whereas the planets do not.
• Stars are very big in size while the planets are much smaller.
• There are millions of stars but planets are only eight in number.
• Stars are stationary whereas planets move around the Sun.

Question 5. What are stars? Why can’t all celestial bodies be called stars?

Answer:

• Stars are celestial bodies characterized by their independent emission of light and heat. They are typically large and composed of gases.
• However, not all celestial bodies emit their own light and heat, preventing them from being classified as stars.

Question 6. Do you think that artificial satellites are important?

Answer:

Artificial satellites are important as they gather information about outer space and Earth’s atmosphere. They serve communication and weather prediction purposes, making them vital. These man-made satellites significantly contribute to our understanding of space.

Question 7. Why is the Sun called as the head of the solar system?

Answer:

The Sun is called the head of the solar system because the Sun is huge and made up of extremely hot gases. It is at the center of the solar system. It provides the pulling force that binds the entire solar system. Apart from this, the Sun is the ultimate source of heat and light for the solar system.

Question 8. Write a note on the galaxy and universe.

Answer:

• A galaxy is a huge system that contains billions of stars, gases, and clouds of dust. The solar system is a part of the Milky Way Galaxy.
• This galaxy is a duster of millions of stars that appear as a glowing path across the sky on a clear night. This Galaxy was named Akash Ganga as it was believed to be a river of light flowing in the sky.
• The universe comprises millions of galaxies. It is very difficult to find out the size of the universe because of its huge expansion.

Geography Chapter 1 The Earth in the Solar System Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. How is the planet different from satellites in origin and characteristics

Answer:

Question 2. The Sun, eight planets, satellites, and other celestial bodies known as asteroids and meteoroids form the solar system.’ Explain asteroids and meteoroids.

Answer:

• A large number of small celestial bodies are found between the orbits of Mars and Jupiter that move around the Sun.
• These bodies are called asteroids. Scientists believe that asteroids are the parts of a planet, which are formed by the explosion of planets many years ago.
• The small pieces of rocks that move around the Sun are called meteoroids. Sometimes, they come close to the Earth and drop upon it. During this dropping, they get heated up and burn due to friction with the air.
• This causes a flash of light. Sometimes, meteors do not get burned completely and fall on the Earth’s surface creating a hollow.

Question 3. Mention the characteristics of the Earth and conditions that are favorable to support life on the Earth.

Answer:

The characteristics of the Earth are

• The Earth is the fifth largest planet in size and the third nearest planet to the Sun.
• The shape of the Earth is called Geoid because it is a slightly flattened shape at the poles.
• The Earth is known as a blue planet because two-thirds part of its surface is covered with water and this makes it look blue from outer space.

The conditions that are favorable to support life on the Earth are

• The Earth is neither too hot nor too cold.
• It has water and air, which are very essential for our survival.
• The air of the Earth has life-supporting gases like oxygen.

Question 4. ‘The Moon is the only satellite of the Earth.’ Give characteristics of the Moon.

Answer:

The characteristics of the Moon are

• The surface of the Moon is covered with plains, mountains, and depressions which form shadows on the Moon’s surface. These shadows can be observed on full Moon day.
• The Moon is 3,84,400 km away from the Earth. The diameter of the Moon is only a quarter of the Earth. It looks bigger due to its closeness to the Earth than other celestial bodies.
• The Moon moves around the Earth in about 27 days. It takes exactly the same time to complete one spin. This makes only one side of the Moon visible from the Earth.
• The Moon is visible on most of the days. It may appear in different shapes, times, and positions. The full Moon appears only once in a month which is called full Moon night or Poornima.
• However, after a fortnight, the Moon can not be seen at all. This is the ‘new moon night’ or Amavasya. On this night one can observe a clear view of the sky.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India

Question 1. If we divide the world into Eastern and Western Hemispheres which hemisphere would India belong to?

Answer: India belongs to the Eastern Hemisphere.

Question 2. Do you remember how many time zones are there in Russia?

Answer: Yes, I remember that Russia has eleven time zones.

Question 3. There are seven countries that share land boundaries with India. Find out the names of these countries.

Answer: The names of the seven countries that share land boundaries with India are as follows

1. China
2. Nepal
3. Bhutan (North
4. Pakistan
5. Afghanistan (North-West)
6. Bangladesh
7. Myanmar (North)

Question 4. India shares its land boundary with seven countries. How many of these countries do not have access to any ocean or sea?

Answer: There are three neighboring countries of India among seven countries that do not have access to any ocean or sea. These are Afghanistan, Bhutan and Nepal.

Question 5. Find out the names of five hill stations situated in Himachal or Middle Himalaya.

Answer: Chail, Dalhousie, Dharamsala, Kullu, and Manali are some hill stations situated in Himachal or the middle Himalayas.

Question 6. Many girls are named after rivers, For Example. Yamuna, Mandakini and Kaveri. Do you know anyone in your locality who is named after a river? Ask your parents and others and make a list of such names. Could you also find other names related to water For Example? Shabnam?

Answer: Yes, I know some girls in my locality who are named after rivers. Ganga, Krishna, and Kali are these girls. The other names related to water are Godavari, Tapi, Mahi, Ravi, Nubra, etc.

Question 7. Which group of islands were affected by the Tsunami in 2004?

Answer: The Andaman and Nicobar Islands were affected by the Tsunami in 2004.

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(1) Name the major physical divisions of India.

Answer: The major physical divisions of India are the Himalayas, the Northern Indian Plains, the Great Indian Desert, the Peninsular Plateau, the Coastal Plains, and the Group of Islands.

(2) India shares its land boundaries with seven countries. Name them.

Answer: India shares its land boundaries with seven countries that are Pakistan, Afghanistan, Nepal, Bhutan, China, Bangladesh and Myanmar.

(3) Which two major rivers fall into the Arabian Sea?

Answer: The two major rivers Narmada and Tapi fall into the Arabian Sea.

(4) Name the delta formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

Answer: The Sundarbans Delta is formed by the Ganga and the Brahmaputra.

(5) How many States and Union Territories are there in India? Which states have a common capital?

Answer: There are 28 States and 8 Union Territories in India. Punjab and Haryana have a common capital, i.e. Chandigarh.

(6) Why do a large number of people live in the Northern plains?

Answer: A large number of people live in the Northern plains because the Northern Indian plains are generally level and flat. These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers i.e. the Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation.

(7) Why are Lakshadweep Islands known as coral islands?

Answer: Lakshadweep Islands are known as coral islands because these are made up of coral reefs which are skeletons of tiny marine animals called polyps.

Question 2. Tick the correct answers.

(1) The Southernmost Himalayas are known as

1. Shiwaliks
2. Himadri
3. Himachal

Answer: 1. Shiwaliks

(2) Sahyadris is also known as

1. Aravali
2. Western Ghats
3. Himadri

Answer: 2. Western Ghats

(3) The Palk Strait lies between the countries

1. Sri Lanka and Maldives
2. India and Sri Lanka
3. India arid Maldives

Answer: 2. India and Sri Lanka

(4) The Indian islands in the Arabian Sea are known as

1. Andaman and Nicobar Islands
2. Lakshadweep Islands
3. Maldives

Answer: 2. Lakshadweep Islands

(5) The oldest mountain range in India is the

1. Aravali mountains
2. Western Ghats
3. Himalayas

Answer: 1. Aravali mountains

Question 3. Fill in the blanks.

1. India has an area of about ……

Answer: 3.28 million sq. km

2. The Greater Himalayas are also known as ……

Answer: Himadri

3. The River Narmada falls into the …….. sea.

Answer: Arabian

4. The latitude that runs almost halfway through India is …….

Answer: Tropic of Cancer

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. What is the North-South extent of India from Kashmir to Kanyakumari?

1. About 5,400 km
2. About 2,900 km
3. About 3,200 km
4. About 16,990 km

Answer: 3. About 3,200 km

Question 2. India is situated in which hemisphere?

1. Northern
2. Southern
3. Western
4. Eastern

Answer: 1. Northern

Question 3. The Tropic of Cancer is located at

1. 23°30′ N
2. 26°30′ N
3. 30°30′ S
4. 23°30′ S

Answer: 1. 23°30′ N

Question 4. The West-East extension of India is

1. 8°4′ N and 37°6′ N
2. 68°7′ E and 97°25′ E
3. 68°7′ N and 97°25′ N
4. 8°4′ E and 37°6′ E

Answer: 2. 68°7′ E and 97°25′ E

Question 5. What is the local time of longitude that has been taken as the Indian Standard Time?

1. 82°30’E
2. 23°30′ N
3. 68°7′ E
4. 97°25’E

Answer: 1. 82°30’E

Question 6. How many time zones are there in the USA and Canada?

1. 6 and 7
2. 7 and 6
3. 4
4. 5

Answer: 2. 7 and 6

Question 7. Which is not a neighboring country of India?

1. China
2. Myanmar
3. Thailand
4. Bangladesh

Answer: 3. Thailand

Question 8. The Himalayan mountains are divided into how many parallel ranges?

1. 5
2. 10
3. 4
4. 3

Answer: 4. 3

Question 9. Choose the river(s) of the Indian Plain among the following.

1. Ganga
2. Brahmaputra
3. Indus
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 10. “Raghav Desai is an industrial entrepreneur and looking for a nice place to set up his industry, that deals with iron and related metals.”

Which according to you, should be the place where he will find availability of resources for his industry/ plant?

1. The Himalayas
2. The Northern Plains
3. The Coastal Plains
4. The Peninsular Plateau

Answer: 4. The Peninsular Plateau

Question 11. Identify the physical division of India that is/are being discussed in the statements below, 

1. They are generally flat and level.
2. They are formed by the alluvial deposits.
3. The Ganga and the Brahmaputra form the largest delta of the world in this division.

Options

1. The Northern Plains
2. The Coastal Plains
3. The Islands
4. The Western Plains

Answer: 1. The Northern Plains

Question 12. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. India has an area of 3.28 million sq. km.
2. North-South extension from Ladakh to Kanyakumari is about 2900 km.
3. East-West extension from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 3,200 km.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 1. Only 1

Question 13. Which of the following statements Is/are correct?

1. The Indian Standard Time is 82° 30′ W.
2. Nepal, Bhutan, and China are the Northern neighbors of India.
3. Lakshadweep and Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie in the Bay of Bengal and the Arabian Sea respectively.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 2 and 3
3. Both 1 and 2
4. Both 1 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Question 14. Arrange the following neighbors of India from East to West.

1. Nepal
2. Myanmar
3. Bhutan
4. Pakistan

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 1, 4, 3
3. 3, 2, 1, 4
4. 4, 3, 2, 1

Answer: 3. 3, 2, 1, 4

Question 15. Arrange the following states through which the Tropic of Cancer passes in the West to East direction.

1. West Bengal
2. Madhya Pradesh

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 4, 1, 3
3. 2, 3, 1, 4
4. 4, 3, 2, 1

Answer: 2. 2, 4, 1, 3

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Match The Following

Question.

Codes

• A B C D

1. 2 3 4 1
2. 4 3 2 1
3. 1 3 2 4
4. 4 2 1 3

Answer: 2. 4 3 2 1

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Assertion Reason

1. Assertion (A) The Ganga and the Brahmaputra form the world’s largest delta, the Sundarbans delta.

Reason (R) The delta is triangular in shape, and an area of land formed at the mouth of the river.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) The Great Indian Desert lies in the Western part of India.

Reason (R) The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow Westward towards the Arabian Sea.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. India is a country of vast ……… expanse.

Answer: geographical

Question 2. The ……. is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.

Answer: peninsula

Question 3. Many popular hill stations are situated in the ………. Himalayas.

Answer: Middle

Question 4. The Narmada and Tapi rivers flow between the …… and …….

Answer: Vindhyas, Satpura

Question 5. India is the second most populated country in the world after …….

Answer: China

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India True or False

Question 1. The Northern Indian plains lie to the North of the Himalayas.

Answer: False

Question 2. India is located in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer: False

Question 3. Aravalli Hill is one of the oldest ranges in the world.

Answer: True

Question 4. The Tropic of Cancer (23 °30N) passes almost halfway through the country.

Answer: True

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Picture Based Question

Question 1. Look at the picture of the coral island given below and answer the following question.

Corals are skeletons of tiny marine animals called

1. plants
2. humans
3. polyps
4. horses

Answer: 3. polyps

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• India is a country of vast geographical expanse. In the North, it is bound by the lofty Himalayas. The Arabian Sea in the West, the Bay of Bengal in the East, and the Indian Ocean in the South wash the shores of the Indian Peninsula.
• India has an area of about 3.28 million sq. km. The North-South extent from Ladakh to Kanyakumari is about 3,200 km and the East-West extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 km.
• The lofty mountains, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern plains, the uneven plateau surface, and the coasts and islands present a diversity of landforms. There is a great variety in the climate, vegetation, wildlife as well as in the language and culture.
• In this diversity, we find unity that is reflected in traditions that bind us as one nation. India has a population of more than one hundred twenty crores since the year 2011. It is the second most populous country in the world after China.
• India is located in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer (23°30’N) passes almost halfway through the country. From South to North, the mainland of India extends between 8°4’N and 37°6’N latitudes. From West to East, India extends between 68°7’E and 97°25’E longitudes.
• Due to the great longitudinal extent of about 29°, there could be wide differences in the local time of places located at two extreme points of India.

(1) What is the reason for wide differences in local time in India?

1. North-South extent
2. East-West extent
3. Population density
4. Geographical location

Answer: 2. East-West extent

(2) The Himalayas do not lie in

1. China
2. Nepal
3. Bhutan
4. Bangladesh

Answer: 4. Bangladesh

(3) Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri are the rivers of

1. Northern Plains
2. Western Desert
3. Deccan Plateau
4. The Islands

Answer: 3. Deccan Plateau

(4) What is the geographical boundaries of India?

1. Himalayas in the South
2. Arabian Sea in the East
3. Bay of Bengal in the West
4. Indian Ocean in the South A

Answer: 2. Arabian Sea in the East

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What is the geographical extent of India?

Answer: In India, the North-South extent from Kashmir to Kanyakumari is 3,200 km, and the East-West extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh is about 2,900 Ion.

Question 2. What do you understand by Peninsula?

Answer: The Peninsula is a piece of land that is surrounded by water on three sides.

Question 3. How does local time vary?

Answer: The local time varies by four minutes for every one degree of longitude.

Question 4. What is the time difference between the time of sunrise in Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat?

Answer: The difference between the time of sunrise in Arunachal Pradesh and Gujarat is two hours.

Question 5. What does the word ‘Himalaya’ mean?

Answer: Himalayas means ‘the abode of snow’.

Question 6. On which part of the Himalayas are the highest peaks located?

Answer: The world’s highest peaks are located in the Great Himalayas or Himadari.

Question 7. What do you understand by the term ‘desert’?

Answer: A desert is a dry, hot, and sandy stretch of land with very little vegetation.

Question 8. Write the name of the two important Peninsular Plateau hill ranges.

Answer: The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the two important Peninsular plateaus.

Question 9. Differentiate between the Western Coastal plains and the Eastern Coastal plains.

Answer: The Western Coastal plains are very narrow while the Eastern Coastal plains are much broader.

Question 10. What do you call the point where rivers enter the sea?

Answer: The point where rivers enter the sea is called the mouth of the river.

Question 11. Write the name of the rivers which fall into the Bay of Bengal.

Answer: Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Ganga, and Brahmaputra are the major rivers that fall into the Bay of Bengal.

Question 12. How are Coral Islands formed?

Answer: When the living polyps die, their skeletons are left. Other polyps grow on the top of the hard skeleton which grows higher and higher and thus forms coral islands.

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Explain the effect of the East-West extent of India on time.

Answer:

• The East-West extent of India leads to differences in local time from meridian to meridian. The local time changes by four minutes for every one degree of longitude.
• The Sun rises two hours earlier in the East, i.e. Arunachal Pradesh than in the West, i.e. Gujarat. This longitude is also known as the Standard Meridian of India. Its time is taken as the standard throughout the country.

Question 2. Write at least three sentences about the economic importance of the Northern plains of India. 

Answer:

The three sentences about the economic importance of the Northern plains of India are as follows

• Northern plains provide fertile land for cultivation and it has a sizeable contribution to the agricultural economy of India.
• Northern plains have deposits of various rivers which increases the presence of minerals in such soils.
• Various rivers flow through the Northern plains which make it an ideal place for setting up civilisations.

Question 3. List the rivers and important ranges of the Peninsular Plateau.

Answer:

• The peninsular plateau lies on the South of the Northern plains. Peninsular plateau is a region with numerous hill ranges and valleys.
• Aravalli hills, one of the oldest ranges of the world, border the plateau on the North-West side. The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the important ranges in the Peninsular plateau. The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These are West flowing rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea.

Question 4. Write a short note on the Coastal plains of India.

Answer:

• Coastal plains lie to the West of Western Ghats and to the East of Eastern Ghats. The Western Coastal plains are very narrow, whereas the Eastern Coastal plains are much broader.
• There are a number of east-flowing rivers. The rivers Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna, and Kaveri drain into the Bay of Bengal. These rivers have formed fertile deltas at their mouth For Example. Sundarbans delta.

Question 5. Briefly describe the features of the Group of Islands.

Answer:

• Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands are two groups of islands found in India.
• Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. These are coral islands located off the coast of Kerala.
• The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal. These islands were affected by the Tsunami in 2004.

Question 6. “India has a vast geographical landscape and cultural and regional diversity. It has the Himalayas, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern plains, the Peninsular plateaus, the Coastal plains, and the Islands.”

(1) How does India’s geographical diversity contribute to its cultural and ecological richness?

Answer:

India’s geographical diversity contributes to its cultural and ecological richness as it supports a rich variety of flora and fauna, influencing cultural practices and traditions. Different regions have unique lifestyles, languages, and customs contributing to India’s cultural and ecological richness.

(2) How does India’s geographical location influence its trade and economic activities?

Answer:

India lies between the Middle East and South-East Asia. Its closeness to major water bodies like the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal encourages maritime activities, supporting economic growth through trade, shipping, and access to global markets. In this way, India’s geographical location influences its trade and economic activities.

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Explain the physical divisions of India.

Answer:

• The physical divisions of India include mountains, plateaus, plains, coasts, and islands.
• The Himalayan Mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges – the Great Himalaya or Himadri, the Middle Himalaya or Himachal, and the Shivalik.
• Northern Indian Plains lie to the South of the Himalayas and are generally level and flat.
• The great Indian Desert is found in the Western part of India. It consists of a dry, hot, and sandy stretch of land with very little vegetation.
• The Peninsular Plateau is situated to the South of the Northern plains. It is triangular in shape and its relief is highly uneven. Coastal plains lie to the West of Western Ghats and to the East of Eastern Ghats. The Western Coastal plains are very narrow, whereas the Eastern Coastal plains are much broader.
• Lakshadweep Islands are located in the Arabian Sea. The Andaman and Nicobar Islands lie to the southeast of the Indian mainland in the Bay of Bengal.

Question 2. Write a short note on the Himalayas in India.

Answer:

• The Himalayas are snowcapped mountains standing as sentinels in the North of India. Him and Alaya means the abode of snow.
• The Himalayan mountains are divided into three main parallel range
• The Great Himalayas or Himadri which is the Northern range. The world’s highest peaks are located in this range.
• Middle Himalaya or Himachal which lies to the South of Himadri.
• Many popular hill stations are situated here.
• The Shiwalik is the Southernmost range.

Question 3. “India is a country of vast geographical expanse. In the North, it is bounded by the lofty Himalayas. The Arabian Sea in the West, the Bay of Bengal in the East, and the Indian Ocean in the South wash the shores of the Indian Peninsula.”

Explain about the geographical extension and diversity in India.

Answer:

• India is a country with a large geographical expanse. It is surrounded by the lofty Himalayas in the North, the Arabian Sea in the West, the Bay of Bengal in the East, and the Indian Ocean in the South.
• India extends between 8°4’N and 37°6’N latitudes from South to North and between 68°7’E and 97°25’E longitudes from West to East.

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions that follow.

• Himalaya means ‘the abode of snow’. The Himalayan mountains are divided into three main parallel ranges. The Northernmost is the Great Himalayas or Himadri. The world’s highest peaks are located in this range.
• Middle Himalaya or Himachal lies to the South of Himadri. Many popular hill stations are situated here. The Shiwalik is the Southernmost range.
• The Northern Indian plains lie to the South of the Himalayas. They are generally level and flat. These are formed by the alluvial deposits laid down by the rivers Indus, the Ganga, the Brahmaputra, and their tributaries. These river plains provide fertile land for cultivation. That is the reason for the high concentration of population in these plains.
• In the Western part of India lies the Great Indian Desert. It is a dry, hot, and sandy stretch of land. It has very little vegetation.
• To the South of the Northern plains lies the Peninsular plateau. It is triangular in shape.
• The relief is highly uneven. This is a region with numerous hill ranges and valleys. Aravali hills, one of the oldest ranges of the world, border it on the North-West side.
• The Vindhyas and the Satpuras are the important ranges. The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow through these ranges. These are West-flowing rivers that drain into the Arabian Sea.

Question 1. What does ‘abode of snow’ mean?

Answer: Abode or snow means home of snow or the presence of a large amount of snow.

Question 2. Write one key feature of Himadri, Himachal, and Shiwalik Himalayas.

Answer: One key feature of the above types of Himalayas is as follows

1. Himadri These contain the world’s highest peaks.
2. Himachal is famous for its hill stations.
3. Shiwalik is the Southernmost range.

Question 3. Name the rivers that flow in the Arabian Sea.

Answer: The rivers Narmada and Tapi flow in the Arabian Sea.

Question 4. Which part of the Indian landscape might have sandy beaches, ports, and fishing sites?

Answer: The coastal plains of India might have sandy beaches, ports, and fishing sites.

Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Map Based Question

Question 1. On an outline map of India, mark the following.

1. Tropic of Cancer
2. Standard Meridian of India
3. The Andaman Islands and Lakshadweep Islands

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. In the Greek language, Lithos means Stone; Atmos means Vapour; Hudor means Water; and Bios means Life. Can you make words using the above?

Answer:

By using the above Greek words, the following words can be made

1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Biosphere

Question 2. Name the strait between India and Sri Lanka.

Answer:

The strait that lies between India and Sri Lanka is the Palk Strait.

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(1) What are the four major domains of the Earth?

Answer: The four major domains of the Earth are lithosphere, atmosphere, hydrosphere and biosphere.

(2) Name the major continents of the Earth.

Answer: The major continents of the Earth are Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Australia, Europe and Antarctica.

(3) Name the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern Hemisphere.

Answer: Antarctica and Australia are the two continents that lie entirely in the Southern hemisphere.

(4) Name the different layers of the atmosphere.

Answer: The different layers of the atmosphere are the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.

(5) Why is the Earth called the ‘blue planet’?

Answer: The Earth is called a ‘blue planet’ because 71 per cent of Earth’s surface is covered with water and the remaining 29 per cent makes up the land.

(6) Why is the Northern Hemisphere called the Land Hemisphere?

Answer: The Northern Hemisphere is called the Land Hemisphere as the major part of the landmass lies in it.

(7) Why is the biosphere important for living organisms?

Answer: The biosphere is important for living organisms because it contains all the elements required for life, like air, water and land, which are essential for life.

It is a narrow zone of contact between land, water and air.

Question 2. Tick the correct answers.

1. The mountain range that separates Europe from Asia is

1. the Andes
2. the Himalayas
3. the Urals

Answer: 3. the Himalayas

2. The continent of North America is linked to South America by

1. an Isthmus
2. a Strait
3. a Canal

Answer: 1. an Isthmus

3. The major constituent of the atmosphere by per cent is

1. nitrogen
2. oxygen
3. carbon dioxide

Answer: 1. nitrogen

4. The domain of the Earth consisting of solid rocks is

1. the atmosphere
2. the hydrosphere
3. the lithosphere

Answer: 3. the lithosphere

5. Which is the largest continent?

1. Africa
2. Asia
3. Australia

Answer: 2. Asia

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The deepest point on the Earth is ……. in the Pacific Ocean.

Answer: Mariana Trench

Question 2. The…….. ocean is named after a country.

Answer: Indian

Question 3. The …….. is a narrow contact zone of land, water and air that supports life.

Answer: biosphere

Question 4. The continents of Europe and Asia together are known as ……..

Answer: Eurasia

Question 5. The highest mountain peak on the Earth is ……..

Answer: Mount Everest

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth NCERT Things To Do

Question 1. Cut the outline of the continents from an outline map of the world and arrange them according to their decreasing sizes.

Answer:

Continents arranged in order of decreasing size are as follows

Asia > Africa > North America > South America > Antarctica > Europe > Australia.

Question 2. Collect pictures of expeditions to the Himalayas. Write about the kind of equipment carried by the climbers for protection against sunshine, temperature and the lack of air.

Answer:

The kind of equipment carried by mountaineers to protect themselves from sunshine, temperature and the lack of air are as follows

• Protection from sunshine sunglasses, cap and cream.
• Protection from temperature, special jackets, shoes and gloves.
• Protection from lack of air, oxygen cylinder

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. How many continents are there in the world?

1. 8
2. 10
3. 7
4. 6

Answer: 3. 7

Question 2. Which of the following continents lies completely in the Northern Hemisphere?

1. Australia
2. Europe
3. South America
4. Africa

Answer: 2. Europe

Question 3. Which is the longest river that flows through Africa?

1. The Amazon
2. The Ganga
3. The Nile
4. The Mekong

Answer: 3. The Nile

Question 4. The Andes Mountain is located in which continent?

1. South America
2. North America
3. Europe
4. Australia

Answer: 1. South America

Question 5. Which of the following is the smallest continent?

1. Australia
2. Europe
3. Antarctica
4. Africa

Answer: 1. Australia

Question 6. Where is 97 % of water found on the Earth?

1. In seas
2. Underground
3. In lakes
4. In oceans

Answer: 4. In oceans

Question 7. Which of the following is the largest ocean?

1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Antarctica ocean

Answer: 1. Pacific Ocean

Question 8. India and Sri Lanka are divided by which of the following?

1. Isthmus
2. Strait
3. Sea
4. Lake

Answer: 2. Strait

Question 9. “Rahul Roy is a businessman from India and he has to travel from New Delhi (Asia) to Brazil (South America) for his business meetings. He chooses to take a flight and therefore, he has to cross different continents and oceans.”

Choose the option of continents/oceans that will come in his journey.

1. Asia, the Indian Ocean, Africa, the Atlantic Ocean, and South America.
2. Asia, Indian Ocean, Europe, Atlantic Ocean, South America
3. Indian Ocean, Africa, Atlantic Ocean, South America
4. Asia, Africa, Atlantic Ocean, South America

Answer: 1. Asia, Indian Ocean, Africa, Atlantic Ocean, South America.

Question 10. Name the domain of the Earth consisting of a gaseous portion.

1. Biosphere
2. Lithosphere
3. Atmosphere
4. Hydrosphere

Answer: 3. Atmosphere

Question 11. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important constituent of

1. poles
2. air
3. Ocean
4. gas

Answer: 2. air

Question 12. Which gas is responsible for global warming?

1. CO₂
2. 2
3. N₂
4. H₂

Answer: 1. CO₂

Question 13. Which is the second largest constituent gas in the atmosphere?

1. Nitrogen
2. Hydrogen
3. Carbon dioxide
4. Oxygen

Answer: 4. Oxygen

Question 14. Which of the following statements Is/are correct?

1. The hydrosphere comprises only water from the oceans. It. In Greek, Bios means life.
2. The solid portion of the Earth on which we live is called the lithosphere.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 2 and 3

Question 15. Which of the following statements Is/are incorrect?

1. South America has the Andes mountains.
2. Africa has the Ural mountains.
3. Ural Mountain divides the Europe and Africa.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Only 2 and 3

Question 16. Arrange the following oceans according to their sizes from larger to smaller.

1. Arctic Ocean
2. Atlantic ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Pacific Ocean

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 1, 3, 4
3. 4, 2, 1, 3
4. 4, 2, 3, 1

Answer: 4. 4, 2, 3, 1

Question 17. Arrange the following continents according to their sizes from smaller to larger.

1. Europe
2. Asia
3. Africa
4. Antarctica

Codes

1. 2, 3, 4, 1
2. 1, 2, 3, 4
3. 3, 4, 1, 2
4. 2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: 1. 2, 3, 4, 1

Question 18. Identify the continent that is being talked about in the following statements.

1. It is a huge continent that lies completely in the Southern Hemisphere.
2. There are no permanent human settlements.
3. Two Indian research stations: Maitri and Dakshin Gangotri are located there.

Options

1. Europe
2. Africa
3. Antarctica
4. Asia

Answer: 3. Antarctica

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Match The Following

Question 1. 

Codes:

• A  B  C  D

1. 4  2  3  1
2. 3  2  1  4
3. 2  1  4  3
4. 1  2  3  4

Answer: 1.  4  2  3  1

Question 2.

• A  B  C  D

1. 3  1  2  4
2. 4  1  2  3
3. 3  1  4  2
4. 2  4  1  3

Answer: 2.  4  1  2  3

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Picture Based Questions

Question 1. The picture given below is of an indented coastline which is generally suitable for harbours and ports. Name the ocean in which they are mostly located.

1. Pacific Ocean
2. Atlantic ocean
3. Arctic Ocean
4. Indian Ocean

Answer: 2. Atlantic ocean

Question 2. Look at the picture and choose the correct answer. Which layer of the atmosphere is closest to the Earth’s surface?

1. Troposphere
2. Mesosphere
3. Stratosphere
4. Exosphere

Answer: 1. Troposphere

Question 3. Count the squares given in the picture and answer the following

(1) Name the largest continent. 

Answer: Asia with 44 squares is the largest continent.

(2) Which is larger- Europe or Australia?

Answer: Europe (10 squares) is larger than Australia (8 squares).

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Assertion Reason

1. Assertion (A) Australia is called an island continent.

Reason (R) Australia is surrounded on all sides by oceans and seas.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) Atmosphere has five layers.

Reason (R) The density of the atmosphere varies with height.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. ……. was the first Indian woman to climb the highest

Answer: Bachendri Pal, 23rd May, 1984 2.

Question 2. The continent Asia lies in the ……… and Hemisphere.

Answer: Northern, Eastern

Question 3. The world’s largest hot desert …….. lies in the …………continent.

Answer: Sahara, African

Question 4. The …….. is the world’s largest river.

Answer: Amazon

Question 5. The ……….. is the world’s longest mountain range.

Answer: Andes

Question 6. The shape of the Pacific Ocean is ……

Answer: Circular

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth True/False

Question 1. All the land masses are connected with one another.

Answer: False

Question 2. All the oceans are connected with one another.

Answer: True

Question 3. The sea level remains the same everywhere.

Answer: True

Question 4. The depth of the sea is more than the highest point on Earth.

Answer: True

Question 5. The smaller part of the landmass lies in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer: False

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• The Atlantic Ocean is the second-largest ocean in the world. It is ‘S’ shaped. It is flanked by the North and South Americas on the Western side, and Europe and Africa on the Eastern side.
• The coastline of the Atlantic Ocean is highly indented. This irregular and indented coastline provides an ideal location for natural harbours and ports. From the point of view of commerce, it is the busiest ocean.
• The Indian Ocean is the only ocean named after a country, that is, India. The shape of the ocean is almost triangular. In the North, it is bound by Asia, in the West by Africa and in the East by Australia.
• The Southern Ocean encircles the continent of Antarctica and extends Northward to 60 degrees South latitude. The Arctic Ocean is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole.
• It is connected with the Pacific Ocean by a narrow stretch of shallow water known as the Bering Strait. It is bound by the Northern coasts of North America and Eurasia.

Question 1. What is/are the benefit(s) of the indented coastline?

1. The indented coastline is good for harbours and ports.
2. The indented coastline prevents water from pollution.
3. The indented coastline ensures the availability good quality of fish.
4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Indented coastline is good for harbours and ports.

Question 2. Which ocean is closest to the South Pole?

1. The Southern Ocean
2. Arctic Ocean
3. Indian Ocean
4. Pacific Ocean

Answer: 1. The Southern ocean

Question 3. Which ocean has the most indented coastline, providing ideal locations for natural harbours and ports?

1. Indian Ocean
2. Atlantic ocean
3. Pacific Ocean
4. All of these

Answer: 2. Atlantic ocean

Question 4. Which Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean by Bering Strait?

1. Indian Ocean
2. Atlantic ocean
3. South Ocean
4. Arctic Ocean

Answer: 4. Arctic ocean

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What are the ocean basins?

Answer: Ocean basins are the division of Earth consisting of huge water bodies.

Question 2. When did Edmund Hillary climb the Mt. Everest?

Answer: Edmund Hillary climb the Mt. Everest on 29th May 1953.

Question 3. What is a continent?

Answer: The division of the Earth which consists of large landmasses is known as a continent.

Question 4. Which continents are bounded by oceans and seas on all sides?

Answer: Africa and Australia are bounded by oceans and seas on all sides.

Question 5. Why can’t we use ocean water?

Answer: Ocean water is too salty in nature so we can’t use it.

Question 6. Which are the continents located around the Pacific Ocean?

Answer: The continents located around the Pacific Ocean are Asia, Australia, North America and South America.

Question 7. What are the three oceans that surround North America?

Answer: The three oceans that surround North America are the Arctic Ocean, Atlantic Ocean and Pacific Ocean.

Question 8. Which two oceans surround the South American continent on the East and West?

Answer: The two oceans that surround the South American continent are the Atlantic Ocean on the East and the Pacific Ocean on the West.

Question 9. What are the water bodies that bind the Arctic Circle?

Answer: The water bodies that bind the Arctic Circle are the Atlantic Ocean, Pacific Ocean and Arctic Ocean.

Question 10. What is the boundary of the Arctic Ocean?

Answer: The boundary of the Arctic Ocean is with the Northern coasts of North America and Eurasia.

Question 11. What is the basis of the division of atmosphere?

Answer: The basis of the division of the atmosphere is composition, temperature and other properties.

Question 12. Why there is no permanent settlement in Antarctica?

Answer: Antarctica has no permanent settlement because it is located in the South Pole region, which is permanently covered with thick ice sheets.

Question 13. Why is the Atlantic Ocean the world’s busiest ocean in terms of commerce?

Answer: The Atlantic Ocean is the world’s busiest ocean because the indented and irregular coastline provides ideal conditions for harbours and ports, which makes the region suitable for the carriage of goods and transportation.

Question 14. What are the main gases that comprise the atmosphere?

Answer: The main gases that comprise the atmosphere are nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide, argon, etc.

Question 15. What is the role of oxygen in the atmosphere?

Answer: The role of oxygen in the atmosphere is important for the existence of life because human beings and animals breathe oxygen for respiration.

Question 16. What is the importance of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere?

Answer: The importance of carbon dioxide gas in the atmosphere is that it absorbs heat radiated by the Earth to keep the planet warm, and is also essential for the growth of plants.

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Differentiate between the Isthmus and Strait with examples.

Answer:

The difference between the Isthmus and the Strait is as follows

• Isthmus It is a narrow strip of land that joins two landmasses. For example, North America is linked with South America with a narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama.
• Strait, It is a narrow stretch of. shallow water, which connects two large water bodies like seas and oceans. For example, the Palk Strait divides India and Sri Lanka.

Question 2. Why there is a need to limit the use of natural resources? What would be the result of limiting the use of resources on the Earth?

Answer:

• There is a need to limit the use of natural resources because the stock of natural resources is limited. The unlimited use of natural resources will lead to a shortage of it.
• The result of limiting the use of resources of the Earth would be that the balance of nature between the domains of the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere is maintained.

Question 3. What is Lithosphere? Explain some of its features.

Answer:

• The solid portion of the Earth on which we live is called the lithosphere.
• Some of the features of the lithosphere are
• It comprises the rocks of the Earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements which sustain life.
• There are two main divisions of the Earth’s surface. The large landmasses are known as the continents and the massive waterbodies are called ocean basins.

Question 4. Identify the continent that completely lies in the Southern Hemisphere. Give some of its features.

Answer:

The continent that completely lies in the Southern Hemisphere is Antarctica.

Some of the features of Antarctica are

• It is a huge continent and completely lies in the Southern Hemisphere. The South Pole lies almost at the centre of this continent.
• The continent remains permanently ice-covered due to its position in the South Polar region. There are no permanent human settlements.

Question 5. ‘Hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms’. Explain its composition.

Answer:

• Hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms including running water in oceans and rivers, ice in glaciers, underground water and water vapour in the atmosphere.
• More than 71 per cent of the Earth is covered with water and 29 per cent with land. More than 97 per cent of the Earth’s water is salty and is present in the oceans.
• A large proportion of the rest of the water is present in the form of ice sheets and glaciers or underground water. A very small percentage of water is available as fresh water for human consumption.

Question 6. What are the layers of the atmosphere? Discuss its composition.

Answer:

• The layers of the atmosphere starting from Earth’s surface are called the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere and the exosphere.
• The atmosphere is composed mainly of nitrogen (78 per cent) and oxygen (21 per cent) which make up 99 per cent of clean, dry air. It also includes carbon dioxide, argon and other gases which make up the rest 1 per cent of the air.

Question 7. How do water and air get polluted? How has air pollution led to global warming?

Answer:

• Water gets polluted by the discharge of wastewater and material into water bodies. This makes the water unsuitable for human use and damages other forms of life.
• Air is polluted by emissions from industries, thermal power plants and vehicles. When the amount of Carbon dioxide (C02) increases, it leads to an increase in global temperatures. This is termed as global warming.

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Write short notes on the following domains of the Earth.

1. Lithosphere
2. Hydrosphere
3. Biosphere

Answer:

1. Lithosphere The solid portion of the Earth on which we live is called the lithosphere. It comprises the rocks of the Earth’s crust and the thin layers of soil that contain nutrient elements which sustain life. There are two main divisions of the Earth’s surface. The large landmasses are known as the continents and the massive waterbodies are called ocean basins.
2. Hydrosphere The area covered by water on the Earth’s surface is called hydrosphere. More than 71 per cent of the Earth is covered with water and 29 per cent with land.
3. Hydrosphere consists of water in all its forms including running water in oceans and rivers, ice in glaciers, underground water and water vapour in the atmosphere.
4. Biosphere The word Bios means life. The narrow zone where land, water and air are found together and which contains all forms of life, is called Biosphere. There are several organisms that vary in size, from microbes and bacteria to large mammals. All living organisms are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival.

Question 2. Give the details of the following main continents.

1. Asia
2. Africa
3. North America
4. South America

Answer:

1. Asia is the largest continent. It covers about one-third of the total land area of the Earth. The Tropic of Cancer passes through this continent. It is separated from Europe by the Ural mountains on the West.
2. Africa is the second largest continent after Asia. The equator runs almost through the middle of the continent. A large part of Africa lies in the Northern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn pass through it. The continent is bound on all sides by oceans and seas.
3. North America is the third largest continent in the world. It is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama. The continent lies completely in the Northern and Western Hemisphere.
4. South America It lies mostly in the Southern Hemisphere. The Andes runs through its length from North to South. South America has the world’s largest river, the Amazon.

Question 3. ‘Oceans are the major part of the hydrosphere. They are all Interconnected’. Explain the major oceans.

Answer:

There are five major oceans that are discussed below

1. Pacific Ocean It is the largest ocean that is spread over one-third of the Earth. The shape of the Pacific Ocean is almost circular. It is surrounded by Asia, Australia, and North and South America.
2. Atlantic Ocean It is the second largest ocean. It is S-shaped with a highly irregular coastline. It is surrounded by the North and South Americas on the Western side, and Europe and Africa on the Eastern side.
3. Indian Ocean It is the only ocean that is named after a country i.e. India. The shape of the ocean is triangular. It is bound by Asia in the North, by Africa in the West and by Australia in the East.
4. Southern Ocean It surrounds the Antarctica continent and extends Northward to 60 degrees South latitude.
5. Arctic Ocean It is located within the Arctic Circle and surrounds the North Pole. It is surrounded by Northern coasts of North America and Eurasia.

Question 4. The word Bios means life. It is divided into the plant kingdom and animal kingdom.’ Explain the Biosphere as the domain of life.

Answer:

• The word Bios means life. The narrow zone where land, water and air are found together and which contains all forms of life, is called Biosphere.
• There are several organisms that vary in size, from microbes and bacteria to large mammals. All living organisms are linked to each other and to the biosphere for survival.
• The living organisms in the biosphere can be broadly divided into the plant kingdom and the animal kingdom.
• The three domains of the Earth that are lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere, are interlinked with each other and affect each other.
• For example, cutting forests to fulfil our needs for wood, or clearing land for cultivation may lead to fast removal of soil from slopes. Similarly, Earth’s surface may be changed due to natural calamities like earthquakes, landslides, etc.
• For example, there could be submergence of land, like the parts of Andaman & Nicobar Islands were submerged under water during the Tsunami.
• The three domains of the Earth interact with each other and affect each other in some way or the other. For example, cutting forests to fulfil our needs for wood, or clearing land for agriculture may lead to the fast removal of soil from slopes.
• Similarly, Earth’s surface may be changed due to natural calamities like Earthquakes. For example, there could be submergence of land, as happened in the case of Tsunami recently.
• Parts of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands were submerged underwater. The discharge of waste material into lakes and rivers makes the water unsuitable for human use. It also damages other forms of life.
• Emissions from industries, thermal power plants and vehicles, pollute the air. Carbon dioxide (CO₂) is an important constituent of air. However, an increase in the amount of CO₂ leads to an increase in global temperatures. This is termed as global warming.
• There is thus, a need to limit the use of resources of the Earth to maintain the balance of nature between the domains of the lithosphere, the atmosphere and the hydrosphere.

(1) What role does CO₂ play in the atmosphere and how can an increase in its amount impact the Earth?

Answer:

CO₂ plays an important role in the atmosphere as an increase in the amount of CO leads to global warming resulting in an increase in global temperatures.

(2) How does cutting down forests impact the lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere?

Answer:

Cutting down forests can impact the lithosphere by leading to rapid removal of soil; the atmosphere by reducing the natural balance; and the hydrosphere by affecting water runoff.

(3) How can pollution be controlled?

Answer:

Pollution can be controlled by limiting contamination of water, land and air.

(4) Why is it emphasised that there is a need to limit the use of Earth’s resources?

Answer:

There is a need to limit the use of Earth’s resources to maintain the balance of nature between the domains of lithosphere, atmosphere and hydrosphere.

Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Map Based Question

1. On the outline map of the world, mark the following: Europe, Asia, Antarctica, South America, Australia, the Indian Ocean, the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean and the Ural Mountains.

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Social Science Chapter 4 Maps

Question And Answers

Question 1. Look at the figure below. There is a scale. It may be used for measuring distance between places. For example, the distance between the well and the tree is 5 cm. It means that the actual distance is 50 metres. Now the distance between the PO (A) to Karim’s house (E) is 12 cm.

It means 120 metres on the ground but you can not fly like a bird directly from E to A. You will have to walk on the road. Let us measure the total walking distance from E to C, then C to M, M to B and B to A. Add all these distances. This will be the total walking distance from Karim’s house to the post office.

Answer:

• Distance from E to C = 4.5 cm
• Distance from C to M = 3.0 cm
• Distance from M to B = 2.0 cm
• Distance from B to A = 2.0 cm

Now, total walking distance from Karim’s house to the post office = total distance = (4.5+3.0+2.0+2.0) cm = 11.5 cm = 11.5xl0m = 115 cm

Hence, the total walking distance from Karim’s house to the post office is 115 cm.

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Exercise

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(1) What are the three components of a map?

Answer: The three components of a map are distance, direction and symbol.

(2) What are the four cardinal directions?

Answer: The four cardinal directions are North, South, East and West.

(3) What do you mean by the term ‘the scale of the map’?

Answer: The scale of the map meant that the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.

(4) How are maps more helpful than a globe?

Answer: Maps are more useful than a globe because they provide more information than a globe.

A globe is useful when we want to study the Earth as a whole, while maps are useful when we have to study a specific location, place or area. Apart from this, maps are made with specific information about various landforms and locations of a particular area.

(5) Distinguish between a map and a plan.

Answer: The difference between a map and a plan is given below

(6) Which map provides detailed information?

Answer: A large map shows more detailed information because it represents a small area on paper with more information.

(7) How do symbols help in reading maps?

Answer: Symbols help in reading maps as they give a lot of information in a limited space.

Any person speaking any language can understand a map with symbols. These symbols are used to indicate different features such as buildings, rail, roads, trees, etc.

Question 2. Tick the correct answers.

(1) Maps showing the distribution of forests are

1. physical maps
2. thematic maps
3. political maps

Answer: 2. thematic maps

(2) The blue colour is used for showing

1. water bodies
2. mountains
3. plains

Answer: 1. water bodies

(3) A compass is used

1. to show symbols
2. to find the main direction
3. to measure distance

Answer: 2. to find the main direction

(4) A scale is necessary

1. a map
2. a sketch
3. symbols

Answer: 1. a map

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. What is a map?

1. A projection
2. A globe on paper
3. A drawing of the Earth’s surface on a flat paper
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. A drawing of the Earth’s surface on a flat paper

Question 2. Which of the following is not a component of a map?

1. Distance
2. Direction
3. Sketch
4. Symbol

Answer: 2. Direction

Question 3. Scale is compulsory for

1. globe
2. a map
3. a sketch
4. a symbol

Answer: 2. a map

Question 4. What does ‘N’ with the arrow show?

1. Direction of North
2. Direction of South
3. Direction of East
4. Direction of West

Answer: 1. Direction of North

Question 5. Which one of the following is not an intermediate direction?

1. North-West
2. South-West
3. West
4. North-East

Answer: 3. West

Question 6. Cardinal points are shown on the map. 

1. distance
2. area
3. symbols
4. direction

Answer: 4. direction

Question 7. There is an international agreement to use 

1. National symbols
2. Conventional symbols
3. Local symbols
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Conventional symbols

Question 8. The green colour in the map is used to showing

1. mountains
2. plants
3. rivers
4. plains

Answer: 4. plains

Question 9. ‘PO’ in the map is a symbol of

1. Post Office
2. Public Office
3. Private Office
4. Police Office

Answer: 1. Post Office

Question 10. …. is a drawing based on memory and not drawn to Scale.

1. Map
2. Plan
3. Sketch
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Sketch

Question 11. “Map sketches serve various purposes. Sketch is a drawing mainly based on memory and spot observation.

What is the primary purpose of sketches?

1. To document historical data.
2. To provide detailed measurements.
3. To offer artistic interpretations of landscapes.
4. To convey directions, field observations, emergencies or personnel notes.

Answer: 4. To convey directions, field observations, emergencies or personal notes.

Question 12. Detailed information of a small area like a room is given by which of the following?

1. Plan
2. Atlas
3. Map
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Plan

Question 13. Identify the type of map being talked about in the below statements and mark the correct answer.

1. It is used to depict the elevation and relief of the land.
2. Rivers, lakes, oceans, seas and other water bodies are displayed.

Codes

1. Thematic map
2. Physical map
3. Political map
4. None of the above

Answer: 2. Physical map

Question 14. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The map is a representation or a drawing of the Earth’s surface.
2. Plateaus, plains and rivers are shown in the physical map.
3. The thematic map shows roads, rainfall and forests.

Codes

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 1 and 2
3. 2 and 3
4. 1 and 3

Answer: 1. 1, 2 and 3

Question 15. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. Sketches are drawings, which reduce the entire world on a sheet of paper.
2. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the Map.
3. To represent 5 cm for 500 metres, we use the small-scale map.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 1 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 3

Question 16. Arrange the following directions from right to left in chronological order supposing a man is standing facing North.

1. NE
2. SW
3. SE
4. NW

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 3, 4, 1
3. 4, 2, 1, 3
4. 3, 1, 4, 2

Answer: 4. 3, 1, 4, 2

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Match The Following

Question

Codes

• A B C D

1. 2 1 3 4
2. 3 4 2 1
3. 4 1 2 1
4. 3 1 2 4

Answer:

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Picture Based Question

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the question that follows.

The symbols of picture (G) means

1. Post Office, Post and Telegram Office
2. Temple, Church
3. Trees, Graveyard
4. Settlement, Graveyard

Answer: 4. Settlement, Graveyard

2. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions.

(1) In which direction is the river flowing?

Answer: The river is flowing in the South-West direction.

(2) What kind of road passes by the side of village Dumri?

Answer: The metalled road passes by the side of the village Dumri.

(3) On what type of railway line is Sunderpur situated?

Answer: Sunderpur is situated on broad gauge railway line.

(4) On which side of the railway bridge is the police station situated?

Answer: The police station is situated on the South side of the railway bridge.

(5) On which side of the railway line do the following lie?

1. Chhatri
2. Church
3. Pond
4. Mosque
5. River
6. Post and Telegraph Office
7. Graveyard

Answer:

1. 1. South
   2. South
   3. North
   4. North
   5. South
   6. South
   7. South

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Assertion Reason

1. Assertion (A) Globe is used when we study Earth as a whole.

Reason (R) Map is used when we study a part of the Earth.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) Large-scale maps are used to show large areas like continents and countries.

Reason (R) Large-scale maps give more information than small-scale maps.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 4. A is false, but R is true

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. A …… is used to find the main direction.

Answer: compass

Question 2. Maps provide more information than a

Answer: globe

Question 3. The symbol for the Post and Telegraph Office is

Answer: PTO

Question 4. A sketch map is not needed.

Answer: scale

Geography Chapter 4 Maps True and False

Question 1. The collection of maps is called Atlas.

Answer: True

Question 2. Political maps show the natural features of the Earth.

Answer: False

Question 3. Large-scale maps give more information than small-scale maps.

Answer: True

Question 4. There are five intermediate directions.

Answer: False

Question 5. Brown colour in the map is used to show plains.

Answer: False

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• It is the third important component of a map. It is not possible to draw on a map the actual shape and size of different features such as buildings, roads, bridges, trees, railway lines or a well. So, they are shown by using certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines.
• These symbols give a lot of information in a limited space. With the use of these symbols, maps can be drawn easily and are simple to read. Even if you don’t know the language of an area and therefore cannot ask someone for directions, you can collect information from maps with the help of these symbols.
• Maps have a universal language that can be understood by all. There is an international agreement regarding the use of these symbols. These are called conventional symbols.

Question 1. What is the third component of a map which is being talked about in the above passage?

1. Symbol
2. Distance
3. Direction
4. Cardinal points

Answer: 1. Symbol

Question 2. Political maps are used for showing

1. mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc.
2. cities, towns and villages
3. road, rainfall and forests
4. None of the above

Answer: 2. cities, towns and villages

Question 3. Choose the option which doesn’t have cardinal points.

1. North, North-East, South, South-East
2. East, North-East, South-East, South-West
3. North-East, South-West, South-East, North-West
4. East, West, North, South

Answer: 3. North-East, South-West, South-East, North-West

Question 4. Which of the following colours is used to show the plateau?

1. Blue
2. Green
3. Yellow
4. Brown

Answer: 4. Brown

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Maps are drawings, which reduce the entire world or a part of it to fit on a sheet of paper. Or we can say that maps are drawn to reduced scales. But this reduction is done very carefully so that the distance between the places is real.
• It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground. Therefore, a scale is chosen for this purpose. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
• For example, the distance between your school and your home is 10 km. If you show this 10 km distance by 2 cm on a map, it means, 1 cm on the map will show 5 km on the ground.
• The scale of your drawing will be lcm = 5 km. Thus, scale is very important in any map. If you know the scale, you will be able to calculate the distance between any two places on a map.
• When large areas like continents or countries are to be shown on paper, then we use a small scale. For example, 5 cm on the map shows 500 km of the ground.
• It is called a small-scale map. When a small area like your village or town is to be shown on paper, then we use a large scale that is 5 cm on the map showing 500 metres only on the ground. It is called a large-scale map.
• Large-scale maps give more information than small-scale maps.

(1) How do maps represent large distances on the ground?

Answer:

Maps represent large distances on the grounds as maps are drawn to reduce scales but the reduction is done very carefully so that the distance between the places is real.

(2) Name two cardinal and two intermediate directions.

Answer:

Two cardinal and two intermediate directions are these North, South, North-East and South-West

(3) How does a political map differ from a physical map?

Answer:

A political map differs from a physical map as a political map shows the boundaries and divisions of the countries, states and regions whereas a physical map shows natural features like mountains, plateaus and plains.

(4) Name the instrument commonly used for measuring distances on a map.

Answer:

A scale or ruler is the instrument commonly used for measuring distance on a map.

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Name the different types of maps.
Answer:

The different types of maps are physical, political and thematic.

Question 2. What is a physical map?
Answer:

A physical map is a drawing of the natural features of the Earth. These are also called relief maps.

Question 3. What is a political map?
Answer:

A political map shows cities, towns, villages and different countries of the world with their boundaries is called a political map.

Question 4. Which intermediate direction is next to the North direction when one moves anti-clockwise?
Answer:

The intermediate direction which is next to the die Nordic direction when one moves in the anti-clockwise direction is Nordi-West.

Question 5. What is the North line?
Answer:

The North line is the arrow with the symbol ‘N’ showing the North direction on the map.

Question 6. What direction does the magnetic needle of the compass show?
Answer:

The magnetic needle of the compass always shows a North-South direction.

Question 7. What are conventional symbols?
Answer:

The symbols used under an international agreement are called conventional symbols.

Question 8. What are the general colours used in making maps?
Answer:

The general colours used in making maps are green, yellow, brown and blue.

Question 9. When do you need to use a map?
Answer:

We need a map to study a specific area like district, state L<i or country.

Question 10. What is an Atlas?
Answer:

An Atlas is a collection of maps. Atlases are of various sizes and measurements drawn on different scales.

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. How are different measures of distances shown on the map?

Answer:

• The distances of different measures are shown on the map through a scale. A scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.
• For example, suppose, the distance between your school and your home is 10 km. If we show this 10 km distance by 2 cm on a map, it means, 1 cm on the map will show 5 km on the ground. The scale of the drawing will be 1cm = 5km.

Question 2. Differentiate between small-scale maps and large-scale maps.

Answer:

The difference between small-scale maps and large-scale maps is as follows

• Small Scale Map It is used to show large areas like countries or continents on paper. For example, 5 cm on this map shows 500 km of the ground.
• Large Scale Map It is used to show a small area like a village or town on paper. For example, 5 cm on this map shows 500 metres on the ground.

Question 3. What do you mean by intermediate directions and cardinal points?

Answer:

There are four major directions that are North, South, East and West. They are called cardinal points.

North-East (NE), South-East (SE), South-West (SW) and North-West (NW) are the other four directions which are called intermediate directions. These are used to locate any place accurately on the map.

Question 4. “Maps are practical alternatives to globes for studying specific areas of the Earth. Maps represent the Earth s surface on a flat scale and serve various purposes, including physical, political and thematic maps. They rely on scale, direction and symbols for accurate representation and navigation.”

(1) What are the limitations of using a globe for studying specific areas of the Earth?

Answer:

The limitations of using a globe for studying specific areas of the Earth are that it is not practical for detailed study of smaller areas like countries, states, districts, towns and villages.

(2) Why North direction play a significant role in maps?

Answer:

North direction plays a significant role in maps because we can find other cardinal and intermediate directions from it.

Geography Chapter 4 Maps Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Define maps and their various types.

Answer:

A map is a representation or drawing of the Earth’s surface or a part of its area drawn on a flat surface according to a scale. There are different types of maps. Some of them are as follows

•  Physical Maps Maps showing natural features of the Earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc are called physical or relief maps.
• Political Maps Maps showing cities, towns, villages and different countries and states of the world with their boundaries are called political maps.
• Thematic Maps Maps with specific information like road maps, rainfall maps, and maps showing the distribution of forests, industries, etc are known as thematic maps.

Question 2. Describe the components of maps and their importance.

Answer:

There are three components of maps. These are

• Distance A small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground through a scale.
• Direction Most maps contain an arrow marked with the letter ‘N’ at the upper right-hand corner, which shows the North direction. By knowing one direction, other directions can be found out,
• Symbol It is impossible to draw the exact size of different features such as buildings, roads, bridges, trees, railway lines or a well on a map. So they are shown by using symbols like certain letters, shades, colours, pictures and lines.

Question 3. What are symbols? Why do we need them?

Answer:

Information given on the map using signs, letters, pictures, colours, etc are called symbols.

Symbols are needed for various reasons

• It is impossible to draw the actual shape and size of different features like buildings, roads, etc on a map, so symbols are used.
• It can give more information in a limited space.
• Symbols help us to read the map easily.
• Without understanding the language of a place, we can read the map with symbols. For example, conventional symbols.

Question 5. “It can only be possible when a small distance on paper represents a large distance on the ground. Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.”

(1) What is a scale?
Answer:

Scale is the ratio between the actual distance on the ground and the distance shown on the map.

(2) How is scale important for making maps?
Answer:

• Scale in map-making is important as it defines the relationship between map distances and real-world distances. For example, if a map scale is 1 cm = 5 km, it means that every centimetre on the map represents 5 kilometres on the ground.
• So, a 4 cm distance on the map is equal to 20 km in reality. The scale allows maps to accurately represent the vast Earth on a smaller surface and is adjusted based on the area being depicted, with small scales for large regions and large scales for small areas.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Exercises

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

(1) What is the angle of inclination of the Earth’s axis with its orbital plane?

Answer:

The angle of inclination of the Earth’s axis with its orbital plane is 66 ½.

(2) Define rotation and revolution.

Answer:

The movement of the Earth on its axis is called rotation. The movement of the Earth around the Sun in a fixed path or orbit is called revolution.

(3) What is a leap year?

Answer:

• The Earth takes 365 days (one year) and 6 hours to revolve around the Sun. The time of 6 hours is ignored for the sake of convenience and only a year is considered.
• The time of 6 hours saved every year is added to make one day (24 hours) over the span of four years. This extra day is added to the month of February, thus in every fourth year, February is 29 days instead of 28 days. The year with 366 days is called a leap year.

(4) Differentiate between the Summer and Winter Solstice.

Answer:

The differences between the summer and winter solstice are as follows

(5) What is an equinox?

Answer:

An equinox occurs twice a year, on the 21st of March and the 23rd of September when the whole Earth experiences equal days and equal nights. It is because neither of the poles is tilted towards the Sun and the equator receives direct Sun rays.

(6) Why does the Southern Hemisphere experience winter and summer solstice at different times than that of the Northern Hemisphere?

Answer:

• The Southern Hemisphere experiences winter and summer solstices at times different from those of the Northern Hemisphere because of the Earth’s inclination and revolution.
• The Tropic of Capricorn receives direct Sun rays due to the tilting of the South Pole towards the Sun on 22nd December. The vertically falling Sun rays at the Tropic of Capricorn 23 yh° S provide heat to a larger portion of it. Therefore, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere and winter in the Northern Hemisphere.
• On 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun. These areas receive more heat because Sun rays fall directly on the Tropic of Cancer and it is summer there while winter in the Southern Hemisphere.

(7) Why do the poles experience about six months of day and six months of night?

Answer:

• The poles experience about six months of day and six months of night. It is because the North Pole remains inclined towards the Sun for six months due to which places beyond the Arctic Circle experience continuous daylight for about six months while the South Pole remains away from the Sun for six months and experiences night for the same period.
• The same condition reverses for the next six months when the South Pole inclines towards the Sun and the South Pole experiences day for six months while the North Pole experiences night.

Question 2. Tick the correct answers.

(1) The movement of the Earth around the Sun is known as

1. rotation
2. revolution
3. inclination

Answer: 2. revolution

(2) Direct rays of the Sun fall on the equator on

1. 21st March
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December

Answer: 1. 21st March

(3) Christmas is celebrated in summer in

1. Japan
2. India
3. Australia

Answer: 3. Australia

(4) The cycle of the seasons is caused to

1. rotation
2. revolution
3. gravitation

Answer: 2. revolution

Question 3. Fill in the blanks.

1. A leap year has …….. number of days.

Answer: 366

2. The daily motion of the Earth is ……..

Answer: Rotation

3. The Earth travels around the Sun in ……… orbit

Answer: elliptical

4. The Sun’s rays fall vertically on the Tropic of …… on 21st June.

Answer: Cancer

5. Days are shorter during …….. season.

Answer: winter

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. Which imaginary line makes an angle of approximately 66.5 degrees with the Earth’s orbital plane?

1. Equator
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Arctic Circle
4. Earth’s axis

Answer: 4. Earth’s axis

Question 2. What divides the day from night on the Earth?

1. Equator
2. Circle of Illumination
3. Meridian line
4. Tropic of Cancer

Answer: 2. Circle of Illumination

Question 3. How long does the Earth take to complete one rotation on its axis?

1. 12 hours
2. 24 hours
3. 36 hours
4. 48 hours

Answer: 2. 24 hours

Question 4. The exact time taken for one revolution of the Earth around the Sun is

1. 365 days 16 hours
2. 365 days 9 hours
3. 366 days 6 hours
4. 365 days 6 hours

Answer: 4. 365 days 6 hours

Question 5. What would have happened if the Earth did not rotate on its axis?

1. Continuous warmth in all regions
2. Continuous darkness in all regions
3. Extreme temperatures in all regions
4. Life would not have been possible

Answer: 4. Life would not have been possible

Question 6. Who was the ancient Indian astronomer who stated that the Earth is round and rotates on its own axis?

1. Copernicus
2. Galileo
3. Aryabhatta
4. Kepler

Answer: 3. Galileo

Question 7. Rina is a 23-year-old geography enthusiast from a farming background. She finds that crops in some regions do not receive proper sunlight and rainwater. Then she finds some changes in seasons on Earth.

Which factor plays a significant role in determining the change of seasons on Earth?

1. The Earth’s axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun.
2. The Earth’s magnetic field variations.
3. The speed of the Earth’s rotation on its axis.
4. The Earth’s distance from the moon.

Answer: 1. The Earth’s axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun.

Question 8. Changes in seasons happen because of

1. rotation
2. revolution of Earth
3. rotation of Moon
4. None of these

Answer: 2. revolution of Earth

Question 9. How does the Earth’s orbit affect the duration of daylight in different regions?

1. It has no effect.
2. It causes longer days and nights simultaneously.
3. It results in longer days in some regions and shorter days in others.
4. It causes equal days and nights globally.

Answer: 3. It results in longer days in some regions and shorter days in others.

Question 10. Which position of the Earth leads to the Northern Hemisphere experiencing the longest day on 21st June?

1. Summer Solstice
2. Winter Solstice
3. Equinox
4. Tropic of Cancer

Answer: 1. Summer Solstice

Question 11. What causes longer days in the Northern Hemisphere during the summer solstice?

1. Tilt towards the Sun
2. Tilt away from the Sun
3. Direct rays of the Sun at the equator
4. Direct rays of the Sun at the poles

Answer: 1. Tilt towards the Sun

Question 12. An equinox happens each year for how many times?

1. Thrice
2. Four Times
3. Twice
4. Once

Answer: 3. Twice

Question 13. During Winter Solstice, the pole is close to the Sun.

1. South
2. North
3. Both poles
4. None of these

Answer: 1. South

Question 14. When do the equinoxes occur on the Earth?

1. 21st June and 22nd December
2. 21st March and 23rd September
3. 20th March and 24th September ’
4. 22nd March and 20th September

Answer: 2. 21st March and 23rd September

Question 15. What among the following causes the Earth to experience equal days and nights during an equinox?

1. Tilted poles
2. Elliptical orbit
3. Direct rays of the Sun at the poles
4. Neither pole tilted towards the Sun

Answer: 4. Neither pole tilted towards the Sun

Question 16. What event occurs when the Northern Hemisphere experiences autumn while the Southern Hemisphere experiences spring?

1. Summer Solstice
2. Winter Solstice
3. Spring Equinox
4. Autumn Equinox

Answer: 4. Autumn Equinox

Question 17. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Revolution causes day and night.
2. The period of rotation is called Earth’s day.
3. Rotation is the movement of the Earth on its axis.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 2 and 3
3. Both 1 and 2
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 2. Both 2 and 3

Question 18. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. The Earth’s axis is tilted about to the orbital plane.
2. The Earth has only one type of motion.
3. Winter Solstice occurs on 21st June.

Codes

1. 1, 2 and 3
2. 1 and 2
3. 2 and 3
4. Only 1

Answer: 3. 2 and 3

Question 19. Javed, an astronomy enthusiast, has been studying the motions of celestial bodies. He observed that Earth has two primary types of motions rotation and revolution. Further, he noted the impact of these motions on the Earth’s seasons and the division of days and nights.

Which of the following statements regarding the Earth’s motions and their consequences is most likely accurate based on the information provided?

1.  The tilt of the Earth’s axis significantly influences the duration of daylight in different hemispheres, causing seasonal variations.
2. The Earth’s elliptical orbit leads to irregularities in the lengths of months and creates variations in leap years.
3. Equinoxes occur due to the Earth’s stationary position relative to the Sun during its revolution.
4. The circle of illumination is caused by the Earth’s rotation around its axis, resulting in the division of the Earth into day and night

Choose the correct option.

1. 1 and 3
2. 1, 2, 3
3. 2, 3 and 4
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 20. Arrange the following events according to their chronological order.

1. Winter Solstice
2. Summer Solstice
3. Equinox (Autumn in the North)

Choose the correct option.

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 3 and 1
3. 3, 1, 1
4. All of these

Answer: 2. 2, 3 and 1

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Match The Following

Question.

• A B C D

1. 1 2 3 4
2. 3 1 4 2
3. 4 3 2 1
4. 4 1 3 2

Answer: 3. 4 3 2 1

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Assertion and Reason

1. Assertion (A) The occurrence of seasons on Earth is primarily due to the planet’s axial tilt and its revolution around the Sun.

Reason (R) During the Earth’s revolution around the Sun, the tilt of its axis causes varying exposure to sunlight in different hemispheres, resulting in seasonal changes.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (A) The summer solstice in the Northern Hemisphere coincides with the longest day of the year.

Reason (R) During the summer solstice, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, resulting in more direct sunlight and longer daylight hours.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The Sun’s rays fall vertically on the 21st of June.

Answer: Tropic of Cancer

Question 2. The daily motion of the Earth is

Answer: Rotation

Question 3. The Arctic Circle experiences daylight continuously for…

Answer: 6 months

Question 4. On …….. September is the autumn season in the Northern Hemisphere.

Answer: 23rd

Question 5. Seasons change due to the change in the …….. of the Earth.

Answer: direction of hemispheres

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth True or False

Question 1. The circle of illumination is responsible for dividing the Earth into summer and winter seasons.

Answer: False

Question 2. The Earth’s axis is inclined at an angle of 66.5 degrees with its orbital plane.

Answer: False

Question 3. Equinox occurs when the Earth’s axis is tilted neither towards nor away from the Sun.

Answer: True

Question 4. The Earth takes 366 days to complete one revolution around the Sun during a leap year.

Answer: True

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Picture Based Question

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions

When does the winter solstice happen?

1. 22nd March
2. 21st June
3. 22nd December
4. 21st September

Answer: 3. 22nd December

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

1. The axis of the Earth which is an imaginary line, makes an angle of 66 1/2° with its orbital plane. The plane formed by the orbit is known as the orbital plane.
2. The Earth receives light from the Sun. Due to the spherical shape of the Earth, only half of it gets light from the Sun at a time. The portion facing the Sun experiences day while the other half away from the Sun experiences night.
3. The circle that divides the day from night on the globe is called the circle of illumination. The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation around its axis. The period of rotation is known as the Earthday. This is the daily motion of the Earth.

Question 1. What causes the daily motion of the Earth?

1. Earth’s revolution around the Sun
2. Earth’s rotation on its axis
3. Earth’s magnetic field
4. Earth’s orbital inclination

Answer: 2. Earth’s rotation on its axis

Question 2. What is the period of rotation of the Earth known as?

1. Solar day
2. Lunar day
3. Sidereal day
4. Earthday

Answer: 4. Earthday

Question 3. What is the term for the ‘imaginary line’ around which the Earth rotates making an angle of 66V20 with its orbital plane?

1. Axis
2. Earth day
3. Circle of illumination
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Axis

Question 4. Why does only half of the Earth receive light from the Sun at a time?

1. Due to its rotation
2. Due to its spherical shape
3. Due to its axial tilt
4. Due to its elliptical orbit

Answer: 2. Due to its spherical shape

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• On 22nd December, the Tropic of Capricorn receives direct rays of the Sun as the South Pole tilts towards it. As the Sun’s rays fall vertically at the Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½° S), a larger portion of the Southern Hemisphere gets light.
• Therefore, it is summer in the Southern Hemisphere with longer days and shorter nights. The reverse happens in the Northern Hemisphere. This position of the Earth is called the winter solstice.

Question 1. What is the primary reason for the Southern Hemisphere experiencing summer on 22nd December?

Answer:

The Tropic of Capricorn receives direct sunlight as the South Pole tilts towards it, resulting in longer days and shorter nights, leading to summer in the Southern Hemisphere on 22nd December.

Question 2. What is the position of the Earth on 22nd December which is referred to as the winter solstice?

Answer:

The position of the Earth on 22nd December which is referred to as the winter solstice is that the Sun’s rays fall directly on the Tropic of Capricorn and the Southern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, receiving direct sun rays.

Question 3. What is the overall impact on daylight between the hemispheres during the winter solstice?

Answer:

The overall impact on daylight during the winter solstice is that the Southern Hemisphere experiences longer days, while the Northern Hemisphere experiences shorter days.

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the two types of motion of the Earth?

Answer:

The two types of motion of the Earth are rotation, which is the Earth’s movement on its axis, and revolution, which is the Earth’s movement around the Sun in an orbit.

Question 2. What does the orbital plane of the Earth represent?

Answer:

The orbital plane of the Earth represents the plane formed by the Earth’s orbit around the Sun.

Question 3. What is the axis of the Earth?

Answer:

The axis of the Earth is an imaginary line around which the Earth rotates.

Question 4. How often is a leap year observed?

Answer:

A leap year is observed every fourth year.

Question 5. What causes the change in seasons on Earth?

Answer:

The change in seasons on Earth is caused by the Earth’s position around the Sun.

Question 6. Which hemisphere experiences Christmas in summer?

Answer:

The Southern Hemisphere, including Australia and New Zealand, experiences Christmas in summer.

Question 7. Which hemisphere experiences the longest day on the summer solstice?

Answer:

The Northern Hemisphere experiences the longest day on the summer solstice.

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Differentiate between rotation and revolution of the Earth.

Answer:

Question 2. Why does the circle of illumination not coincide with the axis of the Earth?

Answer:

• The circle of illumination does not coincide with the axis of the Earth due to the axis’ tilt of 23 ½.
• This inclination causes the circle of illumination to slant, creating a separation between the illuminated and dark portions of the planet.
• As the Earth completes one rotation in approximately 24 hours, this division persists, accounting for the alternation between day and night.

Question 3. What would have happened if the earth did not rotate?

Answer:

• If the Earth didn’t rotate, extreme temperature variations would secure, making life impossible. One side facing the Sun would experience constant daylight, resulting in high temperatures.
• On the other hand, the side away from Sunlight would experience continuous night, leading to extremely low temperatures. This condition would create harsh extremes: scorching heat on the sunlit side and freezing cold on the dark side.

Question 4. When does the Northern Hemisphere have summer and why?

Answer:

• The Northern Hemisphere experiences summer on the 21st of June due to its tilt towards the Sun, receiving direct Sunlight on the Tropic of Cancer. This tilt results in increased heat accumulation, mainly in the Northern regions.
• The larger exposure to sunlight in the Northern Hemisphere during this time causes it to be summer in that part of the equator, marking the onset of the Northern Hemisphere’s summer season.

Question 5. How equinoxes and solstice are viewed?

Answer:

• Equinoxes and solstices are considered important events signifying the transition between seasons on Earth. These celestial events mark the four primary seasons – summer, winter, autumn, and spring.
• Equinoxes mark the instances of equal day and night, occurring twice a year, while solstices represent the longest and shortest days, observed during Summer and Winter respectively.
• These occurrences mark the changing climatic conditions and signify the Earth’s axial tilt and orbital position relative to the Sun

Question 6. Why does the whole Earth not get a day at the same time?

Answer:

• The entire Earth doesn’t experience daylight at the same time due to the slanting angle of the Sun’s rays caused by the Earth’s tilted position and its movement. Being spherical, only half the Earth receives sunlight at any given moment.
• The region facing the sun encounters daylight, while the other half remains in darkness, experiencing night due to Earth’s rotation and its spherical shape. This creates a division between day and night.

Question 7. Explain the occurrence and significance of the equinox.

Answer:

• The equinox occurs twice a year, on 21st March and 23rd September when the Sun’s direct rays fall directly on the Earth’s equator. During this time, neither of the poles is tilted toward the Sun, resulting in an equal duration of day and night across the entire planet.
• This event marks the instances when the length of daylight and darkness is nearly the same worldwide, symbolizing the equilibrium between day and night.

Question 8. What are the important dates that receive direct Sun rays on different parts of the Earth?

Answer:

The important dates that receive direct Sun rays on different parts of the Earth are as follows

• On the 21st of March and 23rd of September, the equator receives direct Sun rays during the equinox.
• On the 21st of June, the Northern Hemisphere experiences direct sunlight during the summer solstice.
• On 22nd December, the Southern Hemisphere receives direct sun rays during the winter solstice.

Geography Chapter 3 Motions of the Earth Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Define the following terms related to the types of motion of the Earth.

1. Orbital plane
2. Earthday
3. Circle of illumination
4. Elliptical orbit

Answer:

1.  Orbital Plane The plane formed by the orbit is known as the orbital plane. The axis of the Earth (an imaginary line) makes an angle of 66 ½° with its orbital plane.
2.  Earthday The Earth takes about 24 hours to complete one rotation around its axis. The period of rotation is known as the Earthday.
3. Circle of Illumination The circle that divides day from night on the Earth is called the circle of illumination.
4. Elliptical Orbit When an object moves around another object in an oval-shaped path, it is known to be revolving in an elliptical orbit.

Question 2. How are seasons changed on the Earth?

Answer:

• Seasonal changes on Earth occur due to two primary factors: the inclination of the Earth’s axis and its position relative to the Sun.
• The axial tilt, fixed in a particular direction, causes varying exposure to sunlight throughout the year.
• For example, around 21st June, the Northern Hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, receiving direct sunlight at the Tropic of Cancer, marking summer in that region.
• On the other hand, on 22nd December, the Southern Hemisphere experiences summer as the South Pole tilts towards the Sun, directing direct rays at the Tropic of Capricorn.
• Equinoxes, like 23rd September and 21st March, mark transitions when neither pole is tilted, leading to the onset of autumn in the Northern Hemisphere and spring in the Southern Hemisphere, respectively.
• These changes in axial tilt and orbital position result in the annual cycle of seasons across the Earth.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes

Question And Answers

Covering Intext Questions and Exercises of NCERT

Question 1. Answer the following questions briefly.

What is the true shape of the Earth?

Answer:

The true shape of the Earth is not that of a sphere. It is flattened at the poles and has a bulge in the middle.

What is a globe?

Answer:

A globe is a true model of the Earth. It shows the Earth in its real shape with continents, oceans, and tilt on its axis.

What is the latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer?

Answer:

The latitudinal value of the Tropic of Cancer is 23 V20 N.

What are the three heat zones of the Earth?

Answer:

The three heat zones of the earth are as follows

• Torrid Zone The area that receives maximum heat is called the Torrid zone.
• Temperate Zone The regions of moderate temperature are called temperate zones.
• Frigid Zone The region with extremely low temperatures is called a frigid zone.

What are the parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude?

Answer:

The parallels of latitude and meridians of longitude are defined as follows

• Parallels of latitudes All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. These are measured in degrees.
• Meridians of longitudes All of the imaginary lines running from the North Pole to the South Pole. The distance between them is measured in degrees.

Why does the Torrid zone receive the maximum amount of heat?

Answer:

The torrid zone receives the maximum amount of heat because the mid-day Sun at least once a year is exactly overhead on all latitudes in the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.

Why is it 5.30 PM in India and 12.00 noon in London?

Answer:

It is 5:30 PM in India and 12 noon in London because India is located at 82° 30’ East of Greenwich which is 5 hours 30 minutes ahead of Greenwich Mean Time.

Question 2. Tick the correct answers.

The value of the Prime Meridian is

1. 90°
2. 0°
3. 60°

Answer: 2. 0°

The frigid zone lies near

1. the Poles.
2. the Equator
3. the Tropic of Cancer

Answer: 1. the Poles

The total number of longitudes are

1. 360
2. 180
3. 90

Answer: 1. 360

The Antarctic Circle is located in

1. the Northern Hemisphere
2. the Southern Hemisphere
3. the Eastern Hemisphere

Answer: 2. the Southern Hemisphere

Grid is a network of

1. parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes
2. the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn
3. the North Pole and the South Pole

Answer: 1. parallels of latitudes and meridians of longitudes

Question 3. Fill in the blanks.

The Tropic of Capricorn is located at

Answer: 23 1/2°S or 23° 30’S

The Standard Meridian of India is

Answer: 82 1/2°E or 82° 30’E

The 0° Meridian is also known as

Answer: Prime Meridian

The distance between the longitudes decreases towards

Answer: poles

The Arctic Circle is located in the Hemisphere.

Answer: Northern

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. What Is the imaginary line that runs on the globe and divides the Earth into two equal parts?

1. Axis
2. Equator
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Prime Meridian

Answer: 2. Equator

Question 2. What is the latitude of the North Pole?

1. 23K°N
2. 66A° N
3. 90° N
4. 0°

Answer: 3. 90° N

Question 3. Which latitude represents the South Pole?

1. 66 1/2° S
2. 90° S
3. 23 1/2°S
4. 0°

Answer: 2. 90° S

Question 4. Rajesh, a geography enthusiast, is studying the Earth’s characteristics and geographic features. He is particularly interested in understanding the imaginary lines that help in locating places on the globe. Which of the following statements about latitude is incorrect?

1. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes.
2. The distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-third of a circle around the Earth.
3. The equator represents the zero-degree latitude.
4. The size of the parallels of latitude decreases as we move away from the equator.

Answer: 2. The distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-third of a circle around the Earth.

Question 5. In which hemisphere is Chandrapur (India) located, if it is at 20° N latitude?

1. Northern Hemisphere
2. Southern Hemisphere
3. Eastern Hemisphere
4. Western Hemisphere

Answer: 1. Northern Hemisphere

Question 6. Which circle is located at 66 1/2 North of the equator?

1. Antarctic Circle
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Tropic of Capricorn
4. Arctic Circle

Answer: 4. Arctic Circle

Question 7. Which line marks 66V20 South of the equator?

1. Arctic Circle
2. Antarctic Circle
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Tropic of Capricorn

Answer: 2. Antarctic Circle

Question 8. In which zone does the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn fall?

1. Temperate Zone
2. Torrid Zone
3. Frigid Zone
4. Arctic Zone

Answer: 2. Torrid Zone

Question 9. In which zone does the region between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole fall?

1. Temperate Zone
2. Torrid Zone
3. Frigid Zone
4. Arctic Zone

Answer: 3. Frigid Zone

Question 10. Which imaginary line crosses at 82 1/2 °N in the Northern Hemisphere?

1. Tropic of Cancer
2. Tropic of Capricorn
3. Arctic Circle
4. Antarctic Circle

Answer: 1. Tropic of Cancer

Question 11. Which line serves as the standard for international time?

1. Equator
2. Prime Meridian
3. Tropic of Cancer
4. Antarctic Circle

Answer: 2. Prime Meridian

Question 12. What is the line that divides the Earth into Eastern and Western Hemispheres?

1. Equator
2. Tropic of Cancer
3. Prime Meridian
4. Tropic of Capricorn

Answer: 3. Prime Meridian

Question 13. Name the primary method for time measurement on Earth.

1. Moon’s movement
2. Earth’s rotation
3. Meridian distance
4. Equator alignment

Answer: 2. Earth’s rotation

Question 14. What is the time difference between two locations for every 15° of longitude?

1. 30 minutes
2. 1 hour
3. 1 hour and 15 minutes
4. 45 minutes

Answer: 2. 1 hour

Question 15. The Earth takes how many minutes to cross a meridian?

1. 15
2. 60
3. 4
4. 20

Answer: 3. 4

Question 16. What is the Indian Standard Time (1ST) meridian’s longitude?

1. 0°
2. 45°
3. 82° 30′
4. 180°

Answer: 3. 82° 30′

Question 17. When it is 4 pm in India, what is the time of Greenwich?

1. 10:30 pm
2. 11:00 am
3. 10:30 am
4. 11:00 pm

Answer: 3. 10:30 am

Question 18. India is located in Greenwich.

1. East
2. West
3. North
4. South

Answer: 1. East

Question 19. How many time zones are there on the Earth?

1. 12
2. 24
3. 36
4. 48

Answer: 2. 24

Question 20. In which hemisphere, the region between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole is located?

1. Northern Hemisphere
2. Southern Hemisphere
3. Eastern Hemisphere
4. Western Hemisphere

Answer: 1. Northern Hemisphere

Question 21. Rina, the 22-year-old girl lives in the town of Jharkhand where the equator line passes in between two villages. In the context of the Earth’s structure and geographic features, why is the equator considered a crucial reference point?

1. It marks the beginning of the temperate zone.
2. It serves as the starting point for counting longitudes.
3. It divides the Earth into two equal halves, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.
4. It represents the axis around which the Earth rotates.

Answer: 3. It divides the Earth into two equal halves, the Northern and Southern Hemispheres.

Question 22. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The places situated East of Greenwich will be behind of Greenwich time.
2. The distance between the meridians is the same everywhere.
3. Both latitudes and longitudes are required to find any location.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. Both 1 and 3

Answer: 4. Both 1 and 3

Question 23. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. The rays of the Sun at the poles are always slanting.
2. The latitudes are parallel imaginary lines of torrid zone only.
3. The Antarctic Circle is located 23 1/2 °S from the equator.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 2 and 3

Question 24. Arrange the following zones from the equator to the pole.

1. Frigid zone
2. Torrid zone
3. Temperate zone

Codes

1. (2), (3), (2)
2. (2), (1), (3)
3. (1), (2), (3)
4. (3), (2), (1)

Answer: 1. (2), (3), (2)

Question 25. Arrange the following parallel of latitudes (in degree) from the South Pole to the equator.

1. 66 1/2 °S
2. 0°S
3. 23 1/2 °S
4. 90 °S

Codes

1. (1), (2), (3), (4)
2. (4), (1), (3), (2)
3. (3), (2), (1), (4)
4. (3), (4), (1), (2)

Answer: 2. (4), (1), (3), (2)

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Match The Following

Question 1. 

Codes

• A  B  C  D

1. 4  1  3  2
2. 2  3  1  4
3. 1  2  3  4
4. 4  3  2  1

Answer: 3. 1  2  3  4

Question 2.

• A  B  C  D

1. 2  3  1  4
2. 4  3  2  1
3. 4  1  3  2
4. 1  2  3  4

Answer: 2.  4  3  2  1

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Assertion Reason

1. Assertion (A) The Earth’s equator plays a crucial role as a reference point for locating places on the globe.

Reason (R) The equator is an imaginary circular line that divides the Earth into two equal parts, namely the Northern Hemisphere and the Southern Hemisphere.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

2. Assertion (a) Standard Time is necessary to address variations in local times across different meridians.

Reason (R) Local times on different meridians vary due to the Earth’s rotation, making it challenging to create timetables for activities that involve crossing multiple longitudes.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The Northern half of the Earth is known as the

Answer: Northern Hemisphere

Question 2. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called

Answer: parallels of latitudes

Question 3. ……… is situated at 20 ° N latitude and …… is situated at 20° S latitude.

Answer: Chandrapur, Belo Horizontal

4. At 23 1/2°, degrees ……. is located at the South of the Equator.

Answer: Tropic of Capricorn

5. The best means of measuring time is by the ……… the Moon and the planets.

Answer: movement of the Earth

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes True/False

Question 1. The Earth’s axis is a physical line passing through the planet’s center.

Answer: False

Question 2. All meridians of longitude are of different lengths.

Answer: False

Question 3. The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn are located at 23.5° N and 23.5° S latitudes, respectively.

Answer: True

Question 4. The Prime Meridian passes through the North Pole.

Answer: False

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Picture Based Question

What is the 82 ½ E meridian that is shown in the picture given below, is also known as.

1. Prime Meridian
2. International Time
3. International Date Line
4. Indian Standard Time (1ST)

Answer: 4. Indian Standard Time (1ST)

2. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions

Question 1. How can any place be determined by a grid? Explain it with an example.

Answer:

• We can determine the position of a place with the help of information about its latitude and longitude. We can determine it by taking the help of a grid in the following manner. First of all, find the point of reference where the two lines cut each other.
• For example, if we have to find out the location of point b in the grid (as shown alongside in the figure), then the location of point b will be D° N latitude and PE longitude. Vertical lines represent East longitudes and horizontal lines as North latitudes.

Question 2. Look at the picture showing the Earth’s axis, the equator, the Tropics of Cancer and Capricorn, the Arctic Circle, and the Antarctic Circle, and answer the questions that follow.

(1) What is the value of the Tropic of Cancer?

Answer: 23°30′ N is the value of the Tropic of Cancer.

(2) Which zone is situated between 66°30’S and the poles?

Answer: The frigid zone is situated between 66°30’S and the poles.

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Cased Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following question.

• The best means of measuring time is by the movement of the Earth, the Moon, and the planets. The Sun regularly rises and sets every day, and naturally, it is the best timekeeper throughout the world. Local time can be reckoned by the shadow cast by the Sun, which is the shortest at noon and longest at sunrise and sunset.
• When the Prime Meridian of Greenwich has the Sun at the highest point in the sky, all the places along this meridian will have mid-day or noon. As the Earth rotates from West to East, those places East of Greenwich will be ahead of Greenwich time and those to the West will be behind it.
• The rate of difference can be calculated as follows. The Earth rotates 3600 in about 24 hours, which means 15°an hour or 1° in four minutes.
• Thus, when it is 12 noon at Greenwich, the time at 15 ° East of Greenwich will be 15 x 4 = 60 minutes, i.e., 1 hour ahead of Greenwich time, which means 1 pm but at 15° West of Greenwich, the time will be behind Greenwich time by 1 hour, i.e., it will be 11.00 am Similarly, at 180°, it will be mid-night when it is 12 noon at Greenwich.

Question 1. How is local time affected in places East of Greenwhich?

1. Local time is behind Greenwich time.
2. Local time is ahead of Greenwich time.
3. Local time is the same as Greenwich time.
4. Local time is not affected.

Answer: 2. Local time is ahead of Greenwich time

Question 2. How is local time determined according to the passage?

1. By the movement of the Moon
2. By the shadow cast of the Sun
3. By the rotation of the planets
4. By the position of the Prime Meridian

Answer: 2. By the shadow cast of the Sun.

Question 3. How does the Earth’s rotation affect time in different places?

1. It causes variations in local time.
2. It determines the length of the day.
3. It influences the movement of the Moon.
4. It creates differences in sunrise and sunset times.

Answer: 1. It causes variations in local time.

Question 4. How is the time difference calculated between the two locations, according to the passage?

1. By the length of the day.
2. By the Earth’s revolution around the Sun.
3. By multiplying the distance by 4 minutes.
4. By calculating the Moon’s position.

Answer: 3. By multiplying the distance by 4 minutes.

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• The local times of places that are on different meridians are bound to differ. For example, it will be difficult to prepare a timetable for trains which cross several longitudes.
• In India, for instance, there will be a difference of about 1 hour and 45 minutes between the local times of Dwarka in Gujarat and Dibrugarh in Assam. It is, therefore, necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country.
• In India, the longitude of 82 ½° E (82° 30’E) is treated as the standard meridian. The local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (1ST),

Question 1. Why is it challenging to prepare a timetable for trains that cross several longitudes?

Answer:

It is challenging to prepare a timetable for trains that cross several longitudes because the local times of places on different meridians differ, making it difficult to synchronize schedules for cross-longitude travel.

Question 2. What is the significance of the 82 ½° E (82° 30’E) meridian in India?

Answer:

The significance of the 82 ½ ° E meridian is that it is adopted as the standard meridian in India, and its local time, known as Indian Standard Time (1ST), serves as the standard time for the entire country.

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Very Short Answer Type Question

Question 1. What is the axis of a globe?
Answer:

The Axis of a globe is a needle that is fixed through the globe in a tilted manner, representing the Earth’s imaginary axis.

Question 2. What is the equator, and why it is important?
Answer:

The equator is an imaginary circular line dividing the Earth into Northern and Southern hemispheres. It is important for locating places.

Question 3. What are latitudes?
Answer:

Imaginary circles parallel to the equator, measured in degrees, dividing the Earth into North and South latitudes are called latitudes.

Question 4. What is the significance of 90 degrees latitude?
Answer:

The significance of 90-degree latitude is that 90 degrees North marks the North Pole and 90 degrees South marks the South Pole.

Question 5. Define the Torrid Zone.
Answer:

The area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn receives the maximum heat and is called a torrid zone.

Question 6. What are the Temperate Zones?
Answer:

The areas between the Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Antarctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere have moderate temperatures and are called temperate zones.

Question 7. What are the characteristics of Frigid Zones?
Answer:

The frigid zone is characterized by extremely cold regions between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Antarctic Circle, and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere.

Question 8. How are longitudes measured?
Answer:

Longitudes are measured by lines of reference, called meridians which are measured in degrees, with the Prime Meridians at 0°.

Question 9. What is Prime Meridian?
Answer:

The counting of longitudes starts from the meridian which passes through Greenwich where the British Royal Observatory is located. This meridian is called the Prime Meridian.

Question 10. How is time-related to longitudes?
Answer:

Time is related to longitudes as Earth’s rotation determines time, with 15° per hour or 1° in four minutes, creating different time zones.

Question 11. What is the purpose of standard time?
Answer:

Standard time is adopted to create consistent time schedules, with each country having its central meridian,

Question 12. What is Indian Standard Time (1ST)?
Answer:

The local time at standard meridian which is taken as the standard time for the whole country is known as the Indian Standard Time (1ST).

Question 13. Why does the Earth have varying time zones?
Answer:

Earth has varying time zones as different longitudes experience noon at different times. This leads to the need for standard time zones.

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What do you mean by North latitudes, South latitudes, and zero-degree latitudes? What is the distance from the equator to either of the poles?

Answer:

All parallel circles North of the equator are called North latitudes while all parallels South of the equator are called South latitudes. The equator represents the zero-degree latitude.

The distance from the equator to either of the poles is one-fourth of a circle around the Earth (1 /4th of 360 degrees, i.e. 90°).

Question 2. Why are latitudes measured in degrees and how do they vary as we move away from the equator?

Answer:

• Latitudes are measured in degrees to provide a standardized unit for quantifying the distance from the equator. This uniform measurement helps in determining geographical location.
• As we move away from the equator towards the poles, the size of latitudinal parallels diminishes.
• This variation is a consequence of the Earth’s curved surface, where the degrees of latitude represent a decreasing distance due to the curvature.

Question 3. Explain the difference between North and South latitudes through an example.

Answer:

• The difference between North and South latitudes can be understood through the example of Chandrapur in Maharashtra (India) and Belo Horizonte in Brazil (South America).
• Both of these places are located on parallels of about 20° latitude. However, the difference between both locations is their position in North and South latitudes respectively.
• Chandrapur in India is situated 20° North of the equator while Belo in Brazil is situated 20° South of the equator. Thus, Chandrapur is at 20° N latitude and Belo Horizonte at 20°
  S latitude.

Question 4. What is the function of the Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle in geography?

Answer:

The Arctic Circle and Antarctic Circle, located 66l/z° from the equator in the Northern and Southern Hemispheres, respectively, delineate the boundaries of the polar regions.

These circles show the areas where the Sun’s rays reach their maximum slant. They play a crucial role in defining and understanding the Earth’s polar climates and environmental conditions.

Question 5. How are Earth’s heat zones determined, and why Torrid zone experience the most intense heat?

Answer:

Earth’s heat zones are determined by the way sunlight is distributed across the globe.

The Torrid zone, situated between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn, experiences the most intense heat. This is because, at least once a year, the Sun is directly overhead in this region, resulting in maximum exposure to sunlight and, consequently, intense temperatures.

Question 6. What are Frigid zones and why they are cold?

Answer:

Frigid zones are the area between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere.

These regions remain very cold due to the sun’s slanting rays, providing less heat and resulting in colder temperatures.

Question 7. What role do longitudes play in locating places on Earth?

Answer:

• It is difficult to locate a place exactly if two or more places are situated on the same latitude. For example, the Tonga Islands in the Pacific and the Mauritius Islands in the Indian Ocean are situated at the same latitude (20° S).
• Thus, in order to locate these places exactly, it is necessary to know how far East or West are these places from the line of reference running from the North Pole to the South Pole. These lines of reference are called meridians of longitude.

Question 8. How local time is determined? Explain.

Answer:

• Local time is determined by the shadow formed by the Sun which is shortest at noon and longest at sunrise and sunset. When the Sun is at its highest point along the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, all places on this meridian experience mid-day or noon.
• As the Earth rotates from West to East, the places located to the East of Greenwich are ahead of Greenwich time, while places located to the West are behind Greenwich time.

Question 9. What is Indian Standard (1ST) and, why it is necessary to adopt standard time for a country?

Answer:

•  In India, the longitude of 82 ½° E (82° 30’E) is considered as the standard meridian, and the local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country. It is known as the Indian Standard Time (1ST).
• It is necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country. It is because there is a difference in the local times on different meridians.

Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the parallels of latitude? Explain the important parallels of latitude.

Answer:

An imaginary circle parallel to the equator is called latitude. All parallel circles from the equator up to the poles are called parallels of latitudes. These are measured in degrees.

The important parallels of latitudes are

• Tropic of Cancer (23 ½° N) in the Northern Hemisphere.
• Tropic of Capricorn (23 ½° S) in the Southern Hemisphere.
• Arctic Circle at 66!4° North of the equator.
• Antarctic Circle at 66 ½° South of the equator.

Question 2. Explain three heat zones of the Earth.

Answer:

The Earth is divided into three distinct heat zones i.e. the Torrid zone, the Temperate zone, and the Frigid zone. These are discussed below

• Torrid Zone For at least once a year, the mid-day Sun is exactly overhead on all latitudes between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. As a result of this, the area between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn receives the maximum heat, and this area is called the Torrid zone.
• Temperate Zones The angle of the rays of the Sun goes on decreasing towards the poles. Thus, the areas between the Arctic Circle and Tropic of Cancer in the Northern Hemisphere and the Antarctic Circle and Tropic of Capricorn in the Southern Hemisphere have moderate temperatures. These areas are called temperate zones.
• Frigid Zones The areas between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere are very cold. This is because the Sun provides less heat due to its slanting rays. These are called frigid zones (very cold).

Question 3. What is the difference between local time and Standard time?

Answer:

The difference between local time and standard time are as follows

Question 4. How can we calculate the rate of time difference?

Answer:

The calculation of the rate of difference of time is given below

• The Earth rotates 360° in about 24 hours, i.e. 360/24 = 157 hours, 15° in Ihour means, 60 minutes/15= 4 minutes for 1°.
• For example, When it is 12 noon at Greenwich the time at 15° East of Greenwich (when it is 12 noon at Greenwich) will be 15×4 = 60 minutes or 1 hour ahead of Greenwich, which means 1 pm.
• On the other hand, when it is noon at Greenwich, the time at 15° West of Greenwich (when it is 12 noon at Greenwich) will be 15×4 =60 minutes or an hour behind, which means 11 am.
• The time at 180° will be 12 o’clock midnight when it is 12 noon at Greenwich.

Question 5. ‘It is necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country’. Explain about the standard time in this context.

Answer:

• It is necessary to adopt the local time of some central meridian of a country as the standard time for the country. It is because there is a difference in the local times on different meridians.
• In India, the longitude of 82 ¼° E (82° 30’E) is considered as the standard meridian, and the local time at this meridian is taken as the standard time for the whole country.
• It is known as the Indian Standard Time (1ST). India is located East of Greenwich at 82°30’E, thus it is 5 hours and 30 minutes ahead of GMT.
• Some countries have adopted more than one standard time as they have a great longitudinal extent. For example, in Russia, there are eleven standard times.

Rural Administration

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1 If there is a theft in your house, which police station would you go to register your complaint?
Answer:

If there is a theft in my house, I would go to the police station in our area to register my complaint.

Question 2. What was the dispute between Mohan and Raghu?
Answer:

The dispute between Mohan and Raghu was related to the land boundary of their adjacent plots of land. Raghu had shifted the bund of his agriculture by a few feet into the fields of Mohan to increase the size of his plot of land.

Question 3. Why was Mohan worried about picking a quarrel with Raghu?
Answer:

Mohan was worried about picking a quarrel with Raghu because Raghu’s family owned many fields and besides, his uncle was also the Sarpanch of the village.

Question 4. Some people said Mohan should report the matter to the police and others said he should not. What were the arguments they gave?
Answer:

Some people supported the idea of reporting this incident to the police station because Mohan was badly hurt by Raghu and some people were witnesses to this incident. Some other people gave arguments against reporting the matter to the police because it would waste a lot of money and nothing would come out of it. Also, they felt that Raghu’s family would have already contacted the police station.

Question 5. You saw that Mohan and Raghu were arguing heatedly about whether the common boundary of their fields had been shifted. Isn’t there a way by which they could have settled this dispute in a peaceful manner? Are there records that show who owns what land in the village?
Answer:

• Yes, there is a way by which they could have settled this dispute in a peaceful manner. Mohan should have gone to Patwari first and got the fields measured. Mohan should have gone to the Village Panchayat and asked the members to see to the matter of dispute.
• Yes, there are records that show who owns what land in the village. These are called land revenue records. All these records remain with the village of Patwari.

Question 6.

(1) Find out the term used for the Patwari in your state.
Answer: In my state, the Patwari is known as Lekhpal.

(2)If you live in a rural area find out

1. How many villages does the Patwari of your area maintain land records of?
2. How do people in the village contact him/her?

Answer:

1. The Patwari maintains land records for a group of villages.
2. People can contact him in his office.

Question And Answers:

1. What is the work of the police?
Answer:

The works of the police are as follows

• To maintain law and order in its area.
• To register cases of theft, accident, injury, fights, etc.
• To enquire, investigate and take action on the cases within its area.

Question 2. List two things that the work of a Patwari includes.
Answer:

The work of a Patwari includes the following

• Measuring land and keeping land records.
• Organising the collection of land revenue from the farmers.

Question 3. What is the work of a Tehsildar?
Answer:

The works of a Tehsildar include the following

• To supervise the work of Patwaris and ensure the collection of revenue.
• To settle disputes regarding land.
• To ensure that farmer can easily obtain a copy of their records.

Question 4. What issue is the poem trying to raise? Do you think this is an important issue? Why?
Answer:

• The poem is trying to raise the issue of the inheritance of daughters and mothers on the property of their father/husband.
• I think this issue is very important because after getting married, women are harassed for dowry and finally they are left by their husbands. If the inherited property would be with them, they could do enough to meet their ends.

Question 5. In what ways are the work of the Panchayat, that you read about in the previous chapter, and the work of the Patwari related to each other?
Answer:

The work of the Panchayat is related to the work of the Patwari in the following ways

• The records maintained and updated by a Patwari are very useful for Panchayat to carry out various development programmes in a village.
• The Panchayat provides facilities in the village and Patwari arranges for money to get the facilities worked out or executed.

Question 6. Visit a police station and find out the work that the police have to do to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area, especially during festivals, public meetings, etc.
Answer:

The police perform the following duties to prevent crime and maintain law and order in their area, especially during festivals, public meetings, etc

• They deploy additional police forces.
• They set up quick communication techniques.
• They expand the surveillance work.
• Police booths are opened at various places to take quick action.

Question 7. Who is in charge of all the police stations in a district? Find out.
Answer:

• Senior Superintendent of Police or Deputy
• The Commissioner of Police is basically in charge of all the police stations in a district.

Question 8. How do women benefit under the new law?
Answer:

The new law refers to the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, of 2005. According to this law, sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share of the land. This law provides a security to women that if there is some mishappening, they can rely on their share of land.

Question 9. In your neighbourhood, are there women who own property? How did they acquire it?
Answer:

In my neighbourhood, there are many women who own property.

They acquired property in the following ways

• Some of the women have purchased the property themselves.
• Some women’s husbands registered properties in their names.
• Some of the women inherited property from their father.

Multiple Choice Questions

Question 1. A theft has to be reported to which among the following?

1. Patwari
2. Tehsildar
3. Sarpanch
4. Police station

Answer: 4. Police station

Question 2. What is the full form of SHO?

1. Sub-Inspector of Police
2. Superintendent of Police
3. Station House Officer
4. Senior Inspector of Police

Answer: 3. Station House Officer

Question 3. Who is responsible for maintaining law and order in a particular area?

1. Sub-Inspector of Police
2. SP
3. SHO
4. Lekhpal

Answer: 3. SHO

Question 4. Patwari is also known as

1. Lekhpal
2. Superintendent
3. Sarpanch
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Lekhpal

Question 5. Who solves land disputes in the villages?

1. Pradhan
2. Patwari
3. Sewak
4. Headman

Answer: 2. Patwari

Question 6. A district is divided into which part?

1. Taluka
2. State
3. Tehsil
4. Both (1) and (3)

Answer: 4. Both (1) and (3)

Question 7. “Two farmers in a village had a dispute over the ownership of a piece of land. They both claimed that the land belonged to them, and they could not agree On Who Was the rightful Owner. What can governments do to help prevent land disputes? 

1. Invest in land surveying and mapping to create clear and accurate land records.
2. Develop and enforce laws that protect land ownership rights, especially for vulnerable groups.
3. Provide mediation and other conflict resolution services to help people resolve land disputes peacefully.
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 8. Which one of the following statements Is Is/are correct?

1. Police stations have no specific geographical boundaries, and their responsibilities are not tied to particular regions.
2. All persons residing within a police station’s jurisdiction can report cases and inform the police about various incidents.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Only 2

Question 9. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. Farmers may be required to pay a small fee to obtain a copy of their land’s record and map.
2. The land records are being computerised and stored at Panchayat offices to make them more accessible and regularly updated.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Only 1

Question 10. Select the correct alternative that indicates the arrangement of the following physical locations in a logical and meaningful order, from largest to smallest

1. State
2. Village
3. Tehsil
4. District
5. Country

Codes

1. (5), (1), (4), (3), (2)
2. (2), (3), (1), (5), (4)
3. (3), (2), (4), (1), (5)
4. (3), (2), (5), (1), (4)

Answer: 1. State

Match the Following

Codes

1. 1 2 3 4
2. 3 1 2 4
3. 2 1 3 4
4. 4 2 3 1

Answer: 3.

Assertion-Reason

Question 1. Assertion (A) The Patwari is known by different names in different states.

Reason (R) The Patwari is a government official responsible for land records, and the government may use different names for this position in different states.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) Tehsildars issue caste certificates. Reason (R) Tehsildars are responsible for land revenue collection.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The head of __________ administration is the district collector.
Answer: District

Question 2. ________ must help the headman in revenue collection.
Answer: Patwari

Question 3. The _______ supervises the work of Petwari.
Answer: Tehsildar

Question 4. Hindu women did not get a share in the family’s ______ land before the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005.
Answer: Agricultural

True Or False

Question 1. The Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 applies to all States and Union Territories of the country.
Answer: True

Question 2. A district is divided into villages.
Answer: False

Question 3. The responsibility of supervising the work of Patwaris lies with the District Collector.
Answer: False

Question 4. Every police station has an area that comes under its control.
Answer: True

Picture Based Questions

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the question that follows.

1. Which of the following is not a function of the police station?

1. Control and supervise all the villages under them.
2. Maintain law and order in the whole district.
3. Collection of land revenue from the farmers.
4. To investigate and take action on the cases within its area.

Answer: 3. Collection of land revenue from the farmers.

Question 2. Observe the picture given below and answer the question that follows.

What is the main task of Lekhpal?

1. Keeping a record of the type of crops grown
2. Providing free medical support to farmer’s families.
3. Assisting the farmers in buying fertilisers.
4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Keeping a record of the type of crops grown

Question 3. The Khasra record of the Patwari gives you information regarding the map given below. It identifies which plot of land is owned by whom. Look at both the records and the map and answer the questions given below regarding Mohan and Raghu’s land.

1. Who owns the land South of Mohan’s field?
Answer:

The land South of Mohan’s field is owned by Raghu.

2. Mark the common boundary between Mohan’s and Raghu’s lands.
Answer:

The common boundary between Mohan’s and Raghu’s land has been marked with a thick line.

3. Who can use the field number?
Answer:

The field no. 3 has been used by the Madhya Pradesh government and it is a grassland.

4. What information can one get from field no. 2 and field no. 3?
Answer:

The information one can get from field no. 2 and field no. 3 are as follows

• Field no. 2 belongs to Raghu Ram, the son of Ratanlal who lives in the village Amarapura. The crops grown on this land are soybean and wheat.
• Field no. 3 belongs to the Madhya Pradesh government and it is classified as a grassland in the records.

Case-Based Question

Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• This chapter has looked at some of the administrative work of the government, especially for rural areas. The first example is related to maintaining law and order and the second to maintaining land records. In the first case, we examined the role of the police and in the second that of the Patwari. This work is supervised by other people in the department, such as the Tehsildar or the Superintendent of Police. We have also seen how people use these services and some of the problems that they face.
• These services have to be used and made to function according to the laws that have been framed for them. You have probably seen many other public services and facilities provided by various departments of the government.

1. Which one of the problems people face in accessing public services?

1. Long waiting times
2. Corruption
3. Lack of transparency
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of the above

2. Which of the following is not a public service or facility provided by the government?

1. Police
2. Private banks
3. Schools
4. Hospitals

Answer: 2. Private banks

3. Who is responsible for supervising the work of the police and Patwaris?

1. Tehsildar and Superintendent of Police
2. District Collector and Superintendent of Police
3. Tehsildar and District Collector
4. All of the above

Answer: 1. Tehsildar and Superintendent of Police

4. Which of the following is not an administrative work of the government for rural areas?

1. Maintaining law and order
2. Maintaining land records
3. Providing healthcare
4. Providing education

Answer: 3. Providing healthcare

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

A Quarrel in the Village

• Mohan is a farmer. His family owns a small agricultural field, which they have been farming for many years.
• Next to his field is Raghu’s land which is separated from his by a small boundary called a bund. One morning Mohan noticed that Raghu had shifted the bund by a few feet. By doing so, he had managed to take over some of Mohan’s land and increased the size of his own field. Mohan was angry but also a little frightened.
• Raghu’s family owned many fields and besides, his uncle was also the Sarpanch of the village. But even so, he plucked up courage and went to Raghu’s house. A heated argument followed. Raghu refused to accept that he had moved the bund. He called one of his helpers and they began shouting at Mohan and beating him up.
• The neighbours heard the commotion and rushed to the spot where Mohan was being beaten up. They took him away. He was badly hurt on his head and hand. He was given first aid by one of his neighbours.
• His friend, who also ran the village post office, suggested that they go to the local police station and file a report. Others were doubtful if this was a good idea because they felt they would waste a lot of money and nothing would come out of it. Some people said that Raghu’s family would have already contacted the police station.

Question 1. After much discussion, it was decided that Mohan would go to the police station along with some of the neighbours who had seen the incident.

1. Why did Raghu shift the bund?
Answer:

Raghu shifted the bund to increase the area of his plot.

2. What was the reason behind the reluctance of Mohan to complain about Raghu?
Answer:

Mohan was reluctant to go against Raghu because Raghu’s family owned many fields and land. Raghu s uncle was Sarpanch of the village.

3. Which act finally led to visiting the police station by Mohan?
Answer:

When Mohan went to discuss the issue with Raghu, he refused to accept that he had moved the bund. Raghu called one of his helpers and they began shouting at Mohan and beating him up. Mohan was badly hurt on his head and hand, After this incident, Mohan along with other villagers decided to file a complaint at the police station.

4. What can the police do in such incidents?
Answer:

Police can hear the matter from both parties patiently. They should then begin the investigation. They can take the help of village Patwari to know the actual land records.

Question 2. Farmers often require a copy of that land’s record together with a map, as shown in the previous illustration. They have a right to this information. They may have to pay a small fee for this.

• However, this information is not easily made available and farmers sometimes have to face many problems to get it.
• In some states, records are now being computerised and also kept at the Panchayat office so that they are more easily available and regularly updated. (When do you think farmers may require a copy of this record?)

Study the following situations and identify the cases in which these records would be necessary and why.

1. A farmer wants to buy a plot of land from another.
2. A farmer wants to sell his produce to another.
3. A farmer wants a loan from the bank to dig a well in his land.
4. A farmer wants to purchase fertilisers for his field.
5. A farmer wants to divide his property among his children.

Answer:

1. When a farmer wants to buy a plot of land from another, he has to get his name entered in the revenue records after it has been registered in his name.
2. The farmer will have to produce the papers in order to prove that the land and its produce belong to him.
3. When a farmer wants a loan from the bank to dig a well in his land, he puts the papers as mortgaged with the bank.
4. When a farmer wants to purchase fertilisers for his field, he does not require anything.
5. When a farmer wants to divide his property among his children, he must require the records and register the plots in their names as per divisions.

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What do you mean by land records?
Answer:

Land records refer to official documents and information that include the details of the ownership, usage, and other aspects of a specific piece of land.

Question 2. What are the important needs of villages?
Answer:

The important needs of villages are water, electricity, sanitation and road connectivity.

Question 3. Where are the land disputes heard?
Answer:

The land disputes are heard in the office of the Tehsildar.

Question 4. What is the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, of 2005?
Answer:

Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005 is a new law, according to which, sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land.

Question 5. What Information can be obtained from a Khasra record?
Answer:

A Khasra record gives information about the ownership, area, classification, type of cultivation, etc of a piece of land.

Question 6. What is called a bundle?
Answer:

The boundary that separates one land from another is called bund.

Question 7. What are some of the public services available in a typical village in India?
Answer:

Some of the public services available in a typical village in India are health centres, fair-price shops, milk societies, etc.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What are the duties of the police towards women and poor people?
Answer:

The duties of the police towards women and poor people are as follows

• To behave courteously with them.
• To prevent the harassment of the poor and weaker sections of the society.
• To look into their grievances and help them to overcome their problems.

Question 2. How does the role of measuring agricultural land performed by a Patwari help in solving disputes? Explain with an example.
Answer:

• The role of measuring agricultural land performed by a Patwari helps in solving disputes as measuring agricultural land lets everyone know how much land they have. In case any argument arises, then they can look at the measurements done by Patwari.
• For example, if two farmers disagree about where their fields start and end, Patwari’s measurements can show exactly how much land each person owns, helping to settle the disagreement fairly.

Question 3. Who is a revenue officer? What does he/she do?
Answer:

• The revenue officer works under the head of the district, i.e. the District Collector. The revenue officer is also known as Tehsildar. The following work is done by the revenue officer
• They have to hear disputes.
• They supervise the work of the Patwaris and ensure that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
• They make sure that the farmers can easily obtain a copy of their records, students can obtain their caste certificates, etc.

Question 4. What is the new law of succession? Explain with an example.
Answer:

• The new law of succession is the Hindu Succession
• Amendment Act, 2005. This law can be explained by an example given below.
• Sudha is the eldest daughter of an agricultural family. She is married and lives in a neighbouring village. After her father’s death, Sudha often comes to help her mother with the farming work.
• Her mother asked the Patwari to transfer the land and enter her name along with the names of all the children in his record. This became possible only due to the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, of 2005.

Question 5. How land records are important for a farmer?
Answer:

Land records are important for a farmer in the following ways

• They are needed for buying a plot of land from another.
• They are needed to sell their produce to others.
• They are needed to take a loan from the bank to dig a well in their land.
• They are needed for dividing his property by a farmer among his children.

Question 6. “The Patwari plays a crucial role in collecting land revenue from farmers and reporting crop information to the government. This task relies on accurate and regularly updated land records.”

Question 7. Write three main functions of a Patwari.
Answer:

The three main functions of a Patwari are as follows

• Maintaining Land Records Patwari’s are responsible for maintaining and updating land records, including the ownership of plots, the types of crops grown and the taxes due.
• Collecting Land Revenue Patwaris collect land revenue from farmers on behalf of the government.
• Resolving Land Disputes Patwaris often play a role in resolving land disputes between farmers and other members of the community.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Explain the characteristics of the Patwari and Tehsildar.
Answer:

The characteristics of the Patwari are

• The Patwari is responsible for measuring land and keeping records of land. He/She maintains and updates records of the village.
• The Patwari is known by different names in villages of different states like Lekhpal, Kanungo, Karamchari, Village Officer, etc.
• Each Patwari is responsible for a group of villages. The Patwari collects the revenue from the farmers and informs the government about the crops grown in this area.
• The characteristics of the Tehsildar are 3 Tehsildars also known as the Revenue Officers.
• The Tehsildar supervise the work of the Patwaris and ensures that records are properly kept and land revenue is collected.
• The Tehsildar ensure that the farmers can easily obtain a copy of their records or the students can easily obtain their caste certificates, etc.

Question 3. Read the poem carefully and answer the following questions.

A Daughter’s wish

• Father inherited our house from his father And everyone says he’ll leave it to brother But what about me and my mother?
• To expect a share in my father’s home Is not very womanly, I am, told.
• But I really want a place of my own Not a dowry of silk and gold.
• Source Reflections on My Family, Anjali Monteiro.
• Explain the rights of women in property before and after the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, of 2005

Answer:

• Women had the following rights in property before the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005
• They did not get a share in the family’s agricultural land.
• After the death of the father, the property was divided equally only among his sons.
• Women have the following rights after the Hindu Succession Amendment Act, 2005
• In this new law sons, daughters and their mothers can get an equal share in the land.
• Women can enjoy their independent status with equal rights.

NCERT Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Question And Answers

Question 1. Have you ever wondered who is responsible for running all this (civic amenities)?
Answer:

Yes, these services are run by the urban administration.

Question 2. Do you know how decisions are made?
Answer:

Yes, the decisions are made by the urban administrative machinery.

Question 3. Who are the people who do all these works?
Answer:

The people who do all these works are the officers, officials, and the elected representatives of the civic body.

Question 4. List at least four different tasks that the municipality does.
Answer:

Different tasks that the municipality does are as follows

• It manages to collect garbage and dispose at the proper place.
• It takes care of the sanitation of the town.
• It runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
• It makes gardens and maintains them.

Question 5. Fill in the blanks.

1. In a Panchayat, the elected members are called
2. The city is divided into several
3. In a Municipal Corporation, the elected members are called
4. Groups of Councillors deal with issues that affect the
5. Elections are held once every year for the Panchayat as well as for the municipality.
6. While the councilors make decisions, the administrative staff is led by the commissioner.

Answer:

1. Panchs
2. Wards
3. Ward councillors
4. Entire city
5. Five
6. Implements

Question 6. How does the Municipal Corporation get its money? Dlksha
Answer:

The Municipal Corporation gets its money through the following ways

1. Taxes which are paid by the people to the government
2. Property taxes
3. Taxes for education and other amenities
4. Taxes on entertainment
5. Some general taxes

Question 7. Does the Municipal Corporation have a lot of workers?
Answer:

Yes, the Municipal corporation has a lot of workers. Every Department has numerous workers. These departments are

1. Water Department
2. Garbage Collection Department
3. Road Department
4. Sanitation Department

Question 8. What has changed since Khala retired?
Answer:

Changes that have happened after Yasmin Khala’s retirement are

• Commissioners have hired private contractors to collect and process garbage.
• The contract workers do not have access to any safety measures. These contract workers get paid less and their jobs are temporary.
• The private contractors do not take care of the workers if they are injured during working time.

Question 9.

1. What was Gangabai protesting about?
Answer:

Gangabai was protesting against the lying of garbage all over the streets.

2. Why do you think Gangabai decided to approach the ward councilor?
Answer:

Gangabai decided to approach the ward councilor to get his support for protesting against the unsanitary conditions in the locality as the councilor was elected by the people.

3. What did Gangabai say when the commissioner said that there were not enough trucks in the city?
Answer:

When the commissioner said that there were not enough trucks in the city to collect garbage from the Gangabai locality, she asked the commissioner how did he have enough trucks to collect garbage from rich localities.

Question 10. Did you know that your taxes enable the government to provide roads, bridges, parks, and streetlights? List three more benefits that the taxes help in funding, after discussing with your family
Answer:

• Yes, I know that my taxes enable the government to provide roads, bridges, parks, and street lights.
• The three other benefits that the taxes help in funding are water supply, electricity, schools, hospitals, etc.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Exercises

Question 1. Why did the children go to Yasmin Khala’s house?
Answer:

The children went to Yasmin Khala’s house as she had worked in the Municipal Corporation. The children wanted to know that to whom they should give money to replace the street light that they have broken.

Question 2. List four ways in which the work of the Municipal Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller.
Answer:

The four ways in which the work of the Municipal

Corporation affects the life of a city-dweller as follows

• It is responsible for sanitation facilities.
• It looks after the traffic control.
• It is responsible for garbage collection and disposal.
• It provides schools, hospitals, and sanitation facilities.

Question 3. Who is the municipal councilor?
Answer:

A municipal councilor is the elected representative of a ward in the Municipal Corporation.

Question 4. What did Gangabai do and why?
Answer:

• Gangabai collected a large number of women and went to the municipal commissioner along with the Ward Councillor and sanitation engineer to protest against garbage dumped all over the street.
• However, the commissioner made excuses by saying that the corporation did not have enough trucks but Gangabai defended this by saying that the corporation has enough trucks for rich localities.

Question 5. How does the municipal corporation earn the money to do its work?
Answer:

The municipal corporation earns the money to do its work by collecting several types of taxes. These include

1. Taxes are collected for providing various types of services such as water tax, property tax, etc.
2. Tax collected from establishments such as hotels, shops, restaurants, etc.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. If a street’s road is broken, it is repaired by the

1. Municipal
2. State Government
3. Citizen
4. All of these

Answer: 1. Municipal

Question 2. The Head of Administrative Staff of the Municipal Corporation is called

1. Mayor
2. Sarpanch
3. Municipal Commissioner
4. Councillor

Answer: 3. Municipal Commissioner

Question 3. Which of the following agencies replaces the broken street lights, collects the garbage, provides water supply, and keeps the market clean?

1. Municipal Corporation
2. Hospital
3. Police
4. Panchayat

Answer: 1. Municipal Corporation

Question 4. The tax on houses, shops, and hotels is referred to as

1. Entertainment tax
2. Property tax
3. Land tax
4. Tall tax

Answer: 2. Property tax

Question 5. “Suhana is a young and ambitious woman. She has always been passionate about social service and she wants to make a difference in her community. That’s why she is running for ward member in her town.” What is Rehana’s responsibility if she wins the election?

1. To represent her constituents and advocate for their needs and interests
2. To make decisions. about the local community
3. To implement the decisions made by the council
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 6. “The Swachh Bharat Mission was launched on 2nd October in the year 2014 by the Prime Minister of India Narendra Modi. In 2021, PM Modi introduced the Swachh Bharat Mission-Urban 2.0 with the objective of making all Indian cities ‘Garbage Free’ and ‘Water Secure.’ SBM-U 2.0 was initiated on 1st October in the year 2021, which spans five years.”

1. Which of the following Is not a reason why the government wants to make Indian cities garbage-free and water-secure? 

1. To improve the health and well-being of citizens.
2. To reduce pollution and protect the environment.
3. To promote economic growth and development.
4. To reduce the risk of natural disasters.

Answer: 4. To reduce the risk of natural disasters.

Question 7. Which of the following statements is/are correct?

1. The Municipal Corporation is responsible for ensuring that diseases do not break out in the city.
2. The Municipal Corporation does not run schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Only 1

Question 8. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. The city is divided into different wards.
2. Ward councilors are appointed by the government.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Only 2

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Match The Following

Codes:

• A  B  C  D

1. 3  1  2  4
2. 4  3  2  1
3. 4  3  1  2
4. 1  2  3  4

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Assertion Reason

Question 1. Assertion: Ward councilors are responsible for making decisions about the local community.

Reason (R) Ward councilors are elected by the people to represent their interests at the local council.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion: The ward councilors try to ensure that the particular demands of their wards are placed before the entire council.

Reason (R) The ward councilors are not accountable to their constituents.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. A group of ward councillors form _____to decide on certain issues.
Answer: committee,

Question 2. The Ward Councillors meet and they make a____ and the____is spent according to this.
Answer: budget, money

Question 3. Property tax forms_____per cent of the money earned by the Municipal Corporation.
Answer: 20-30

Question 4. _____ was one of the dirtiest cities in India.
Answer: Surat

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration True or False

Question 1. Pune is a big city so it is called a Municipal Corporation.
Answer: True

Question 2. A tax is a sum of money that people receive from the government.
Answer: False

Question 3. The city of Surat had a plague scare in 1995.
Answer: False

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Case Based Question

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Providing and running so many services requires a lot of money. The Municipal Corporation collects this in different ways. A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services the government provides. People who own homes have to pay a property tax as well as taxes for water and other services. The larger the house the more the tax. Property taxes however form only 25-30 percent of the money that a Municipal Corporation earns.
• There are also taxes for education and other amenities. If you own a hotel or shop, then you have to pay a tax for this as well. Also, the next time you go to see a movie look carefully at your ticket because you pay a tax for this as well. Thus while rich people account for property taxes, a much wider population pays more general taxes.

1. Which of the following is the most important reason why the Municipal Corporation collects taxes?

1. To provide services to the community.
2. To generate revenue for the government.
3. To reduce poverty and inequality.
4. To promote economic growth.

Answer: 1. To provide services to the community

2. What is/are the main source(s) of revenue for a Municipal Corporation?

1. Property taxes
2.  General taxes
3. Entertainment taxes
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

3. Who among the following groups pays the most property taxes?

1. People who own small houses.
2. People who own large houses.
3. People who own businesses.
4. People who rent houses.

Answer: 2. People who own large houses.

4. Which of the following statements is/are true?

1. Rich people pay more property taxes than general taxes.
2. General taxes are paid by a wider population than property taxes.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• The city of Surat had a plague scare in 1994. Surat was one of the dirtiest cities in India. Houses, hotels, and restaurants would dump their garbage into the nearest drain or street which made it very difficult for sweepers to collect and transfer the garbage into selected dumps.
• In addition to this, the Municipal Corporation did not collect the garbage as often as it should have and this led to the situation getting worse. Plague spreads through the air and people who have the disease have to be isolated. In Surat, several people lost their lives, and over 300,000 deserted the city. The scare of the plague ensured that the Municipal Corporation completely cleaned up the city. Surat continues to remain one of the cleanest cities in India,

1. Do you know when and how often garbage gets collected in your neighborhood?
Answer:

Yes, I know how often garbage gets collected in my neighborhood. Garbage gets collected early in the morning for six days a week. It is collected through a mobile truck which goes on from house to house giving a whistle.

2. Do you think it is the same for all neighborhoods of the city? Why not? Discuss.
Answer:

• No, I don’t think it is the same for all neighborhoods of the city because not every locality comes under the Municipal Corporation.
• For that area where there is no municipality, this work is done by private workers who are not regular. Also, some of the areas are slums which are not served by this service.

Question 3. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Several poor people in the city work as domestic servants as well as work for the corporation, keeping the city clean. Yet the slums in which they live are quite filthy. This is because these slums seldom have any water and sanitation facilities.
• The reason often given by the Municipal Corporation is that the land in which the poor have set up their homes does not belong to them and that slum-dwellers do not pay taxes.
• However, people living in middle-class neighborhoods pay very little in taxes compared to the amount of money the corporation spends on setting up parks, street lighting facilities, regular garbage collection, etc. Also as you read in this chapter, the property taxes collected by the municipality make up only 25-30 percent of its money.

1. Why do you think it is important that the corporation should spend more money on slum localities?
Answer:

It is important that the corporation should spend more money on slum localities because the major workforce lives in these colonies. They work hard so that the economic activities of the city run smoothly. Hence, adequate money should be spent on slum locations.

2. Why is it important that the Municipal Corporation provide the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get?
Answer:

• It is important that the Municipal Corporation provides the poor in the city with the same facilities that the rich get, because of the following reasons
• If corporations spend more money on slum areas, it would make the living conditions better for poor people. In this way, everyone in the city will have access to a good and clean place
  to live.
• Poor constitutes the major workforce. The health need to be cared for.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is a Municipal Council?
Answer:

The Municipal Council is an organization that takes care of street lights, garbage collection, water supply, and keeping the streets and the market clean in smaller towns.

Question 2. What do you mean by award?
Answer:

A ward is a division of the city for the purpose of municipal or corporation elections.

Question 3. Who decides where a park should be built?
Answer:

Ward councilors make decisions about where a park should be built.

Question 4. Name the various departments of the Municipal Corporation.
Answer:

The various departments of the Municipal Corporation are

• The Garbage Collection Department.
• Water Department
• Sanitation Department

Question 5. Name the officers who assist the commissioner,
Answer:

The commissioner is assisted by administrative staff and different departments.

Question 6. What do you mean by tax?
Answer:

A tax is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services that the government provides.

Question 7. What happened in Surat in the year 1994?
Answer:

Surat was one of the dirtiest cities in India and in 1994 it saw the spread of plague.

Question 8. Mention the reasons that led to the spread of the plague in Surat.
Answer:

The plague epidemic spread in Surat due to unhealthy sewerage conditions and insufficient health infrastructure.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Describe the various functions performed by the Municipal Corporation.
Answer:

The functions of the Municipal Corporation are as follows

• It ensures that diseases do not spread in the city.
• It runs schools, hospitals, and dispensaries.
• It makes gardens and maintains them.

Question 2. The councilor’s committees and the councilors decide on issues, which are then implemented by the commissioner and the administrative staff. The commissioner and the administrative staff are appointed, while councilors are elected.”

1. What is the importance of urban administration?
Answer:

Urban administration is important because it is responsible for providing essential services to city residents, such as water supply, sanitation, waste management, transportation, and healthcare. It also plays a role in urban planning and development, ensuring that cities are sustainable and livable.

2. What is the difference between councilors and administrative officers?
Answer:

Councillors are elected representatives who represent the interests of their constituents in the local government while the administrative officers are appointed by the government to carry out the decisions made by the councillors and implement the policies of the government.

3. How can a community protest for their problem in Municipal Corporation?
Answer:

When people face any problem in their ward, they can protest it to the ward councilor. For this, a signed petition is to be submitted to the ward councilor describing the problem. The petitions are forwarded to the Municipal Corporation office which solves the issues.

4. What is sub-contracting? Discuss.
Answer:

In recent times, in order to save money, the commissioners of several municipalities across the country have hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is called sub-contracting.

These contract workers get paid less and their jobs are temporary, collecting garbage is also quite a dangerous job and often these contract workers do not have any access to safety measures and are not taken care of if they are injured while working.

5. Explain the recent changes in Municipal Corporation.
Answer:

The recent changes in the Municipal Corporation include sub-contracting. In order to save money, the commissioners of several municipalities hired private contractors to collect and process garbage. This is called sub-contracting and this means that the work that was earlier being done by government workers is now being done by a private company. These contract workers are paid less and their jobs are temporary.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. “The cities are usually large so the Municipal Corporation has to make a lot of decisions as well as do a lot of work to keep the city clean.” Describe the process of making decisions by the Municipal Corporation. 
Answer:

• The city is divided into different wards, and ward councilors are elected. The complex decisions are taken by groups of councilors who form committees to decide and debate issues.
• These decisions affect the entire city. For example, if a bus stand needs to be improved, or a crowded marketplace needs to be cleaned then the committees for water, garbage collection, street lighting, etc decide on the work to be done.
• When the problems are within a ward then the people who live in the ward can contact their councillors. For example, if there are dangerous electrical wires hanging down, then the local councilor can help them get in touch with the electricity authority.
• While the councilor’s committees and the councilors decide on issues, the commissioner and the administrative staff implement these decisions. The commissioner and the administrative staff are appointed and councilors are elected.

Question 2. Explain the functions of the Chief Executive Officer in a Municipal Corporation.
Answer:

• The Chief Executive Officer in a Municipal Corporation is also known as the Municipal Commissioner. The Municipal Commissioner acts as a link between the State Government and Municipal Corporation. Various officers in charge of departments like those in charge of health, education, engineering, and sanitation help him or her in this work.
• The Municipal Commissioner coordinates their work and has the power to appoint lower-level employees. The Chief Executive Officer is the head of the executive branch of the Municipal Corporation.
• The Municipal Commissioner has all the executive powers. The day-to-day work of the Municipal Corporations is carried out with the help of a number of committees.

Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Picture Based Question

1. In the two photographs, you see different ways of collecting and disposing of garbage. 

1. Which way do you think provides safety to the person disposing of garbage?
Answer:

In photo 2, the proper way of handling (disposing) garbage is shown, which protects workers.

2. What are the dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph?
Answer:

The dangers of collecting garbage in the manner shown in the first photograph are

• Poisonous gas injection
• Falling sick
• Breathing problem
• Falling victim to epidemic
• Skin disease

Question 3. Why do you think that proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities?
Answer:

Proper ways of disposing of garbage are not available to those who work in municipalities because of

• little funds for Municipal Corporations.
• workers’ unawareness of their health.
• poor economic condition of the municipalities.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1.

1. You have already read about the work that people do in rural areas. Now compare the work that people in this illustration are doing with the work that people do in rural areas.
Answer:

2. Some parts of the city are different from others. What differences do you notice in this illustration?
Answer:

Some parts of the city have high-rise buildings. Some parts of the city are crowded and congested as they are occupied by pavement shops and vendors. The smoke of industry also pollutes the atmosphere.

Question .2 Why did Bachchu Manjhi come to the city?
Answer:

Bachchu Manjhi came to the city to find better work because he didn’t get enough masonry work in his village regularly. His income was not sufficient to sustain his family.

Question.3 Why can’t Bachchu Manjhi live with his family?
Answer:

Bachchu can’t live with his family due to the following reasons

• The city is very expensive compared to the village. Bachchu’s earnings wouldn’t be enough for his family.
• His rickshaw pulling work gives him money each day, but if he’s sick or there are no customers, he nothing. He needs a fixed income to support his family.
• His wife might not find jobs in the city easily, making it difficult to survive in the city. In the village, she works as an agricultural laborer.

Question 4. Talk to a vegetable vendor or hawker and find out how they organize their work, their way of preparing, purchasing, selling, etc.
Answer:

The vegetable vendors or hawkers organize their work in the following manner

The Vegetable Vendors: They purchase fresh vegetables from vegetable mandis in the early morning.

• They arrange them on the pulling rickshaws and cycle so that every vegetable is visible.
• They tell the price of vegetables to the customer and if the customer is interested in buying them, he weighs the desired amount with his weighing machine and gives it to them.
• They sprinkle water on the vegetables to keep them fresh in the afternoon.
• In the evening they try to sell his vegetables at an even lower cost than in the morning as he has to return home.

Hawkers:  They buy daily-use items like utensils, pottery, water bottles, cups, garments, etc from a factory and load them into their trolley.

• They then go from place to place calling loudly to attract people.
• They then show his items to the people. Sometimes people try to bargain with him to get the article at a lower price.
• People stop them, try garments, and do not buy sometimes which disappoints them. In the evening they return back.

Question 5. Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work. Why?
Answer:

Bachchu Manjhi has to think twice before taking a day off from work because he earns on a daily basis. On days when he can’t do his work, he doesn’t earn anything.

Question 6. Why did Harpreet and Vandana start a showroom? What do they have to do to run the showroom?
Answer:

Harpreet and Vandana started the showroom after completing their college education because now it is the trend of ready-made garments instead of buying clothes and getting them stiched.

They have to do the following things to run the showroom

• They have to purchase garments from different cities and states.
• They have to put them in showcases.
• They have to give advertisements in different newspapers, radio channels, TV channels, etc.

Question 7. Talk to a shop owner in a market and find out how he plans his work. Have there been any changes in his business in the past 20 years?
Answer:

By talking to a businessman, we found that he plans his work in the following ways

• He buys different things from different places.
• He advertises his products in the newspapers, radio, and TV channels. During the last 20 years, things have changed. Earlier he sold clothes, now, he sells readymade garments as the trend is for readymade garments.

Question 8 What are the differences between those who sell on
the street and those in the market?
Answer:

The differences between those who sell on the street and those in the market are

Question 9. Why do you think small workshops and factories employ casual workers?
Answer:

The small workshops and factories employ casual workers because these workshops and factories get large orders from abroad or some other dealer for a few months in a year.

Question 10. Describe the working conditions of people like Nirmala keeping in mind the following: working hours, conditions in the workplace, earnings and the days of work available.
Answer:

The working conditions of people like Nirmala are

• Working Hours Workers like Nirmala have to work very long hours in the months from December to April.
• A normal working day begins at 9 am and finishes only by 10 pm, sometimes even later. She works for six days a week. At times when the work needs to be done urgently, she works on Sundays too.

Conditions in the Workplace There is a small workshop where people work on sewing machines. Clothes that have been stitched were placed in one corner of the room.

Earnings Nirmala is paid? 280 per day for eight hours and ? 100 extra for working late.

Days of Work Available By June the work is over and the factory reduces its staff. Nirmala will also be asked to leave. For about three or four months in the year, there is no work for her.

Question 11. Would you say that domestic workers like housemaids are also casual workers? Why? Describe the workday of one such woman detailing the work she does in other people’s houses.
Answer:

• Domestic workers like housemaids are not casual workers because they get monthly payments, food, and accommodation to live.
• They may also be given some medical help when needed. They work throughout the year. Generally, the work time for the housemaids starts early in the morning.

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Question And Answers

Question 1. Read and discuss the following description of the living conditions of workers who come to the labor chowk.

• Most workers that we find at the labor chowk cannot afford permanent accommodation and so sleep on pavements near the chowk, or they pay ? 6 a night for a bed at a nearby night shelter run by the Municipal Corporation.
• To compensate for the lack of security, local tea and cigarette shops function as banks, moneylenders, and safety lockers, all rolled into one.
• Most workers leave their tools at these shops for the night for safekeeping and pass on any extra money to them. The shopkeepers keep the money safe and also offer loans to laborers in need.

Source: Aman Sethi, Hindu On-line

Answer:

At Labor Chowk, a number of workers are available at a time. These workers generally find regular work. Their jobs are only for one or two days. They spend their night on pavements or in the viscera (Rain Basera) built by Municipal Corporation. Their daily earning is not fixed. Their economic position is unstable. They spend what they earn on families.

Question 2. Complete the following table and discuss how their work is different

Answer:

Question 3. In what ways is a permanent and regular job different from a casual job? Discuss.
Answer:

A permanent and regular job is different from a casual job in the following ways

Question 4. What benefits does Sudha get along with her salary?
Answer:

Sudha enjoys the following benefits with her salary

• She has a provident fund as a saving.
• She can get medical leave when she feels ill and also her company provides medical facilities for her
• She gets off on every Sunday, national festivals and she also gets some days as annual leave.

Question 5. Fill In the following table to show the services provided by people In the markets which you visit frequently.

Answer:

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. In a survey of Ahmedabad city, how many workers were found to be working on the street?

1. 13 percent
2. 15 percent
3. 45 percent
4. 12 percent

Answer: 4. 12 percent

Question 2. Vendors sell things that are often prepared at which of the following places?

1. At shops
2. At homes
3. At street itself
4. At neighbouring shops

Answer: 2. At homes

Question 3. Most of the businessmen are

1. self-employed
2. Municipal Corporation employed
3. Government employed
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. self employed

Question 4. Which one of the following statements Is or is Incorrect?

1. A large number of people in the city work on the streets.
2. People prefer to buy readymade clothes these days. Codes

Codes:

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Only 2
4. None of the above

Answer: 1. Only I

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Match the Following

Codes:

• A  B  C  D

1. 2 1 3 4
2. 4 3 2 1
3. 3 4 1 2
4. 1 2 3 4

Answer: 3. 3 4 1 2

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Assertion-Reason

1. Assertion (A) There are almost 1 crore street vendors in the country working in urban areas.

Reason (R) The government is thinking about modifying the law that bans street vendors so that they have a place to work where there is also a free flow of traffic and people.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer:  1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) There is diversity in the employment of people in urban areas.

Reason (R) People are employed in all walks of employment because of the growing economy and opportunities available to them.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. There are more than ______ thousand towns in India.

Answer: Five

Question 2. Often workers who make a living in the city are forced to set up their _____on the______as well.

Answer: homes, street

Question 3. Many workers in the______ work in companies.

Answer: City

Question 4. In a survey of Ahmedabad city, it was found that ________of all the workers in the city were people working on the streets.

Answer: 12 per cents

Question 5. A call center is a centralized office that deals with problems and questions of the_________.

Answer: Consumers

Question 6. Municipal Corporation issue_________to people to run their business in cities.

Answer: Licenses

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods True Or False

Question 1. Only a few percentage of people work on the streets in the city.

Answer: False

Question 2. A dentist’s clinic is also at the starting place of the market.

Answer: False

Question 3. Shops in markets are usually temporary structures.

Answer: False

Question 4. Temporary workers get medical facilities

Answer: False

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Picture Based Question And Answers

1. Look at the picture of labor Chowk given below and answer the question that follows

1. Which of the following is not true about the labor chowk?

1. It is a place where daily wage workers wait for work.
2. It is usually located in an urban
3. It is a place where workers can negotiate their wages.
4. It is a place where workers can get social benefits such as health insurance and paid time off.

Answer: 4. It is a place where workers can get social benefits such as health insurance and paid time off.

Question 2. Look at the picture given below and answer the following questions.

1. Describe the work conditions at all centers.
Answer:

Call centers are generally set up as Jarge rooms with workstations that include a computer, a telephone set, and supervisor’s stations.

2. Why are many call centers set up in India?
Answer:

India has become a major center not only for Indian companies but also for foreign companies. They set up call centers here as they can get people who can speak English and will work for lower wages.

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Case-Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Bachchu Manjhi’s wife and three children live in the village. We don’t own land. In the village, I did not get masonry work regularly. The income that I earned was not enough for our family.
• After I reached this city, I bought an old cycle rickshaw and paid for it in installments. This was many years ago. I come to the bus stop every morning and take the customers wherever they want to go. I work till 8.30 in the evening.
• I take rides of up to 6 kilometers in the surrounding area. Does each customer give me? 10-30 per trip depending on the distance. When I’m ill I can’t do this work, so on those days I don’t earn anything. I stay with my friends in a rented room.
• They work in a nearby factory. I earn between t 200-300 every day, out of which I spend. 100-150 on food and rent. The rest I save for my family. I visit my village two or three times a year to see my family. Though my family survives on the money I send, my wife also earns from agricultural work that she gets once in a while.

Question 1. For which of the following purposes did Bachchu Manjhi come to the city?

1. To find masonry work
2. To buy a cycle-rickshaw
3. To visit his family
4. To find a better job

Answer: 4. To find a better job

Question 2. What does Bachchu Manjhl do with the rest of his earnings?

1. He saves it for his family.
2. He sends it to his wife.
3. He spends it on himself.
4. He invests it in a business.

Answer: 1. He saves it for his family.

Question 3. What Is the main source of Income for Bachchu Manjhi’s family?

1. Bachchu Manjhi’s earnings from pulling a cycle-rickshaw.
2. Bachchu Manjhi’s wife’s earnings from agricultural work
3. Both Bachchu Manjhi’s and his wife’s earnings.
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Both Bachchu Manjhi’s and his wife’s earnings.

Question 4. Where did Bachchu Manjhl work earlier?

1. As a mason in a village
2. As a cycle-rickshaw puller in a village
3. As a factory worker in a city
4. As a teacher in a village

Answer: 1. As a mason in a village

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Like Harpreet and Vandana, there are many people who own shops in various markets of the city. These shops may be small or large and they sell different things.
• Most businesses- persons manage their own shops or businesses. They are not employed by anyone. But, they do employ a number of other workers as supervisors and helpers.
• These are permanent shops that are given a license to do business, by the Municipal Corporation. The Municipal Corporation also decides on which day of the week the market has to remain closed.
• For example, the shops in the above market are closed on Wednesdays. This market also has small offices and shops that provide services, such as banks, couriers as services, and others.

Question 1. Describe the work of Harpreet and Vandana.
Answer:

Harpreet and Vandana are business persons. They opened a showroom some years ago because nowadays people prefer to buy readymade garments and a showroom is required to display them.

Question 2. How do business persons manage their work?
Answer:

Most of the business-persons manage their own shops themselves. They do not work under anyone, instead, they employ a number of other workers as supervisors and helpers.

Question 3. Who makes decisions regarding the operation of shops in a city?
Answer:

Municipal Corporations decide the operation of shops in a city, it gives the permanent shops license to do business. It also decides the day when the market has to remain closed.

Question 4. Which services are provided by a market? How these services are beneficial for people?
Answer:

• Services provided by a market include banks, courier services, and others.
• These services are beneficial for people in many ways.
• For example, a bank enables people to send or receive money and thus facilitates transactions to carry out the business.

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Very Short Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Name the major means of livelihood In urban areas. Dlksha
Answer:

The major means of livelihood in urban areas include street vending, hawking, offices, factories, shops, etc.

Question 2. What do you mean by a hawker?
Answer:

A hawker refers to a person who sells things by going from place to place and asking people to buy them.

Question 3. What does it mean to employ people on a casual basis?
Answer:

The people employed on a casual basis means that they are required to come as and when the employer needs them.

Question 4. What is the report of a survey of Ahmedabad city?
Answer:

In a survey of Ahmedabad city, it was found that 12 percent of all the workers in the city were people working on the street. They sometimes sell things repair them or provide a service.

Question 5. What is meant by a street vendor?
Answer:

A street vendor is a salesperson who has no fixed place of doing business. The street vendor usually sells things that are prepared at their homes by their family or sell daily-use items.

Question 6. What are the plans of the government regarding hawkers?
Answer:

The government is thinking about modifying the law that banned street vendors, so that they have a place to work and that there is also a free flow of traffic and people.

Question 7. How was street vending earlier looked upon by people?
Answer:

Street vending was earlier considered as an obstruction to traffic and to people talking.

Question 8. What is the purpose of a call center?
Answer:

A call center is a centralized office that deals with problems and questions that consumers or customers have regarding goods purchased and services like banking, ticket booking, etc.

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Short Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What are the main problems faced by street hawkers? 
Answer:

The main problems faced by street hawkers are as follows

• Their shops are not a permanent establishment but a temporary arrangement.
• Police can dismantle their shops at any time.
• They have not been provided with any security of job.
• Their earning depends on number of days they work.
• In certain parts of the cities, they are not allowed to enter.

Question 2. What suggestions have been made so that street vendors have a place to work?
Answer:

The following suggestions have been made so that street vendors have a place to work

• Hawking zones have been suggested by the government in towns and cities.
• Mobile vendors should be allowed to move around freely.
• Hawkers need to be part of committees that are set up to make decisions relating to them.

Question 3. What are the problems faced by non-permanent workers?
Answer:

The problems faced by non-permanent workers follow

• If workers complain about their pay or working conditions, they are asked to leave.
• There is no job security, or protection if there is ill-treatment.
• They are also expected to work very long hours

Question 4. What are the benefits received by regular and permanent workers?

Answer:

The benefits received by regular and permanent workers are

• Savings for Old Age A part of their salary is kept in a fund with the government. They will earn interest on these savings. After their retirement, they will get this money and can then live their life well.
• Holidays They get off on Sundays and national holidays. They also get annual leave.
• Medical Facilities get medical facilities for themselves and their family. The medical expenses are paid by their company up to a certain amount. They are also given medical leave without any cut in their salary when they fall ill.

Question 5. “Some people attend the same office regularly. This work is clearly identified. They get a regular salary. Unlike casual workers, they will not be asked to leave if the factory does not have much work.”

1. Who are casual workers?
Answer: 

Casual workers are employees who are employed on a temporary basis. They are typically paid on a daily or weekly basis and they may not be entitled to benefits such as paid time off health insurance. Casual workers are often found in low-skilled jobs, such as construction, agriculture, and retail.

2. What is regular employment?
Answer:

Regular employment refers to a stable job with fixed hours, salary, and benefits. They provide long-term job security and stability to the employers

Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Long Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Discuss the lives of hawkers in the city.
Answer:

The lives of the hawkers in the city are discussed below.

• They work on their own, they are not employed by anyone. They sell their products from one place to another.
• Their shops are usually temporary structures like some boards or papers spread over discarded boxes or maybe a canvas sheet hung up on a few poles.
• hey may also use their own carts or simply a plastic sheet spread on the pavement.
• They can be asked to dismantle their shops at any time by the police.
• There are certain parts of the city where these hawkers are not allowed to enter.

Question 2. Describe the changes that have occurred in the garment industry in recent years, and how businesspersons have adapted their business to meet these changes.
Answer:

• The garment industry has undergone significant changes in recent years. In the past, people were more likely to have their clothes stitched to order by a tailor.
• However, today, there is a growing demand for readymade garments. This is due to a number of factors, including the increasing pace of life, the rising cost of living, and the changing fashion trends.
• The businesspersons have adapted their business to meet these changes by opening a showroom that sells readymade garments.
• They also source their materials from a variety of different places, including Mumbai, Ahmedabad, Ludhiana, Tripura, Noida, Gurgaon, and even foreign countries. This allows them to offer a wide range of products to their customers at competitive prices.

Question 3. Describe the challenges that are faced by the rural and urban women in our country.
Answer:

The challenges faced by rural women are

• Poor resource base and resource quality (small or no agricultural land and water).
• lliteracy and lack of skill.
• Lack of awareness about different government schemes and programs.
• Lack of knowledge of disasters.
• The challenges faced by urban women are
• Lack of employment and irregular jobs.
• Lack of job security and low wages.
• Lack of sufficient and timely credit support system for petty trade.
• Congested and hazardous working conditions

Question 4. ‘The daily wage laborers work as helpers to masons. Discuss the challenges of daily wage laborers.
Answer: 

Some of the challenges that daily wage laborers face include

• Low Wages: Daily wage laborers typically earn very low wages. This can make it difficult for them to provide for their families and meet their basic needs.
• Long Hours: Daily wage laborers often have to work long hours, sometimes in difficult or dangerous conditions. This can cause harm to their health and well-being.
• Lack of Security: Daily wage laborers often do not have job security. They can be laid off at any time, without notice or compensation.
• Exploitation: Daily wage laborers are often vulnerable to exploitation by their employers. They may be forced to work long hours for low wages, or they may be subjected to unsafe working conditions.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. What problem did the villagers in Hardas village face? What did they do to solve this problem?

Answer:

• The villagers in Hardas village faced the problem of water. This problem has become very acute. The water level in the hand pump was below the point to which the ground was drilled.
• Also, there was no water in the taps and the women had to go to the Suru River to get water. They solved this problem by deepening two handpumps and cleaning one well.
• They sought information about the scheme of watershed development from the Block Development Officer.

Question 2. What, in your opinion, is the importance of the Gram Sabha? Do you think all members should attend Gram Sabha meetings? Why?

Answer:

In my opinion, the importance of the Gram Sabha is

• The Gram Sabha is the elected body at the village level. It seeks to develop the programs for the village. It controls the funds received by the Gram Panchayat.
• The Gram Sabha is a key factor in making the Gr Panchayat play its role and be responsible.
• Yes, I think all members should attend the meeting of the Gram Sabha because it works for the welfare of the village and people’s direct participation also influences the Gram Sabha to do for the welfare of the village.

Question 3. What is the link between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?

Answer:

The link between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat are

• Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adult people who live in the area covered by the Panchayat.
• Members of the Gram Sabha elect the Gram Panchayat for a period of years.
• The Gram Panchayat’s Secretary is also the Secretary of Gram Sabha.
• The Gram Sabha is a key factor in the working of the Gram Panchayat.
• Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayat from doing wrong things like misusing money or favoring certain people.

Question 4. Take an example of any one task done by a Panchayat in your area/nearby rural area and find out the following

1. Why it was taken up?
2. Where does the money come from?
3. Whether or not the work has been completed.

Answer:

• In my locality, Panchayat has taken up repairs of drains.
• It was taken up because the drains were in damaged condition. Dirty water was spreading onto the streets and busy roads.
• The money came from taxes, funds, grants, and donations.
• The work is in process, it will be finished by the end of the year.

Question 5. What Is the difference between a Gram Sabha and a Gram Panchayat?

The difference between a Gram Sabha And A Gram Panchayat is

Question 6. Read the following news item.

Nimone is a village on the Chauphula-Shirur road. Like many others, this village has also been facing a severe water shortage for the last few months villagers depend on tankers for all their needs. Bhagvan Mahadeo Lad (35) of this village was beaten with sticks, iron rods, and axes by a group of seven men.

The incident came to light when some villagers brought a badly injured Lad to hospital for treatment. In the FIR recorded by the police, Lad said that he was attacked when he insisted that the water in the tanker must be emptied into the storage tanks, constructed as part of the water supply scheme by Nimone Gram Panchayat so that there would be equal distribution of water. However, he alleged that the upper caste men were against this and told him that the tanker water was not meant for the lower castes. Adapted from Indian Express, 1st May, 2004.

(1). Why was Bhagvan beaten?

Answer:

Bhagavan was beaten because he asked to empty the water from the tanker into the storage tanks constructed as a part of the water supply scheme by Nimone Gram Panchayat so that there would be an equal distribution of water.

(2). Do you think that the above is a case of discrimination? Why?

Answer:

Yes, it is a clear case of discrimination as the Bhagavan was beaten because he insisted on fair distribution of water. This was because the higher caste men were against sharing water with the lower castes.

Question 7. Find out more about watershed development and how it benefits an area.

Answer:

The way of conserving water and recharging (refilling) is called watershed development.

It benefits an area in the following ways

• Trees are planted to check dams.
• Tanks are constructed to harvest rainwater.
• Barren lands are turned into green meadows.
• Water is easily available for drinking as well as for irrigation.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Multiple Choice Questions And Answers

Question 1. Who among the following Isa members of the Gram Sabha?

1. Every citizen
2. Villagers
3. Every villager who has the right to vote
4. President of India

Answer: 3. Every villager who has the right to vote

Question 2. The right to vote is given to any citizen above the age of

1. 15
2. 18
3. 21
4. 25

Answer: 2. 18

Question 3. Who Is the President of Gram Panchayat?

1. Taluqdars
2. Zamindars
3. Sarpanch
4. Mayor

Answer: 3. Sarpanch

Question 4. Who among the following elects the Panchayat President?

1. Secretary
2. Members of the Legislative Assembly
3. Villagers
4. Members of Gram Sabha

Answer: 4. Members of Gram Sabha

Question 5. Whose name should be Included In BPL families?

1. Very poor person
2. Middle-class family person
3. High-income group
4. All of these

Answer: 1. Very poor person

Question 6. Panchayat Samiti which level of a democratic government?

1. Second level
2. First level
3. Fourth level
4. Third level

Answer: 1. Second level

Question 7. Which of the following is the first tier of democratic government in rural areas?

1. Gram Panchayat
2. Panchayati Raj
3. Zila Parishad
4. Panchayat Samiti

Answer: 1. Gram Panchayat

Question 8. At which level does Zila Parishad actually make development plans?

1. District level
2. Village level
3. Block level
4. Central level

Answer: 1. District level

Question 9. Name the officer who implements the plans of Block Samiti.

1. Tehsildar
2. Patwari
3. Sarpanch
4. Block Development Officer

Answer: 4. Block Development Officer

Question 10. “Rahul wants to develop his village and build hospitals, and schools and provide water and electricity to his villagers’’. What according to you should be the best option for him to do these things?

1. Enter politics as a member of Parliament.
2. Enter politics as Sarpanch.
3. Do not enter politics and do it by collecting donations.
4. Do not enter politics and do it at his own expense.

Answer: 2. Enter politics as Sarpanch.

Question 11. Identify the level of government from the statements below.

1. It facilitates participatory democracy.
2. It promotes rural development.
3. It implements government schemes and empowers communities at the district level in India.

Options

1. Gram Sabha
2. Mandal Parishad
3. Zila Parishad
4. State Government

Answer: 3. Zila Parishad

Question 12. Which of the following statements are correct regarding the Panchayati Raj System?

1. Zila Parishad is the apex body of the Panchayati Raj.
2. Gram Panchayat has a system of direct election.

Codes

1. 1 and 2
2. Only 1
3. Only 2
4. None of these

Answer: 1. 1 and 2

Question 13. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect?

1. Sarpanch appoints the Secretary of Gram Sabha.
2. Gram Sabha has no role in making Gram Panchayat.
3. Gram Sabha prevents the Panchayats from doing wrong things.

Codes

1. 1,2 and 3
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 3
4. Only 3

Answer: 2. Both 1 and 2

Question 14. Arrange the following levels of government from bottom to top.

1. Zila Parishad
2. Gram Panchayat
3. Gram Sabha

Codes

1. 1,2,3
2. 2,1,3
3. 3,2,1
4. 2,3,1

Answer: 4. 2,3,1

Question 15. Arrange the following according to the level of power they hold in the Panchayati Raj System.

1. Block Development Officer
2. Sarpanch
3. Panch

Codes:

1. 1,2,3
2. 3,2,1
3. 2,3,1
4. 3,1,2

Answer: 1. 1,2,3

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Match The Following

Question:

Answer: 2.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Fill In The Blanks:

Question 1. The _____ problem in Hardas village has become very acute.

Answer: Water

Question 2. Amirchand was the earlier _______ of the village and still has control over a lot of _______.

Answer: Zamindar, Land

Question 3. With the help of Panchayat Samitis, ________ also regulates the money distribution.

Answer: Zila Parishad

Question 4. The idea behind the Panchayati Raj System is to provide more and more space for people to ________ and _____ their voices.

Answer: Participate, Raise

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj True Or False

Question 1. The Gram Sabha forms committees to get the work done.

Answer: True

Question 2. The Zila Parishad actually makes development plans at the village level.

Answer: False

Question 3. Every village Panchayat is divided into wards, i.e. smaller areas.

Answer: True

Question 4. Sarpanch is directly elected by the members of the Gram Sabha.

Answer: True

Question 5. The Gram Panchayat does not collect local taxes

Answer: False

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Assertion Reason

Question 1. Assertion (A) Gram Sabha has many things to do like construction and maintenance of water bodies, roads, drainage, etc.

Reason (R) Gram Sabha collects taxes and receives government funds and donations.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Roth A and R are true, but R Is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Roth A and R are true, but R Is not the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) The Gram Sabha Secretary calls the meeting of Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat

Reason (R) The Gram Sabha Secretary is not elected but appointed by the Sarpanch.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Picture Based Questions

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the question that follows.

The picture above is the scene of Gram Sabha discussing various things. Which of the following is not a work of Gram Sabha?

1. Electing members of gram Panchayat
2. Initiating development projects.
3. Approving the budget of the government.
4. None of the above

Answer: 4. None of the above

Question 2. Look at the picture below and mark the tier of government responsible for watershed management.

1. First tier
2. Second tier
3. Third tier
4. Fourth tier

Answer: 1. First tier

Question 3. Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

(1). Who is seen in the picture?

Answer:

The village Panchs from Maharashtra are seen in the picture.

(2). What award were they given?

Answer:

They were awarded with the Nirmal Gram Puruskar.

(3). When and why was this award given?

Answer:

This award was given in 2005 for the excellent work done by them in the Panchayat.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Case Based Questions And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

During a Gram Sabha meeting in Hardas village, Tijia highlights the severe water scarcity issue. A suggestion to pipe water from the Suru River is met with concerns about expenses. Tijia emphasizes the need for a long-term solution due to declining groundwater levels. Anwar suggests watershed development, mentioning government funding. The meeting also discusses the BPL lists; objections arise over wealthy individuals being included. After debates, Om Prakash, a genuinely needy person, is considered for inclusion. The Sarpanch instructs a re-evaluation of his income for eligibility.

(1). The main barrier to piped water from the Suru River was

1. Distance from the village
2. Lack of technical expertise
3. Financial limitations
4. Environmental concerns

Answer: 3. Financial limitations

(2). What solution is suggested for increasing the water supply in the village?

1. Piping water from a distant river.
2. Constructing check dams and tanks.
3. Deepening handpumps and cleaning wells.
4. Planting more trees in the village.

Answer: 1. Piping water from a distant river.

(3). What concept does Anwar introduce to the Gram Sabha as a possible solution for water conservation?

1. Tree plantation
2. Watershed development
3. Education programmes
4. Healthcare initiatives

Answer: 2. Watershed development

(4). The discussion on BPL lists highlighted the issue of

1. Pension schemes for senior citizen
2. Fund collection
3. Involvement of ineligible people
4. All of the above

Answer: 3. Involvement of ineligible people

Question 2. Read the passage given and answer the following questions.

• The Gram Sabha meeting begins with the Panchayat President (who is also called the Sarpanch) and the members of the Panchayat (the Panchs) presenting a plan for repairing the road that connects the village to the main highway. After this, the discussion moves to the subject of water and water shortages.
• A villager called Tijia begins the meeting by saying, “The water problem in Hardas has become very acute. The handpump water has gone well below the point up to which the ground has been drilled. We hardly get any water in the taps. Women have to go to the Suru River which is 3 km away to get water.”
• One of the members suggests piping water from the Suru and making an overhead tank in the village to increase the supply. But the others think that this will be expensive. It’s better, they feel, to deepen the handpumps and clean the wells for this season. Tijia says, “This is not enough”.

(1). What is described about the role of Gram Sabha in the above passage?

Answer:

From the above passage, we get to know that a Gram Sabha meeting is organized to discuss various needs and development projects to be taken up in the village. It also discusses new ideas and solutions to the problems.

(2). What problem can arise if there is a decline in the water level in handpumps?

Answer:

If the water level goes below the level of the hand pump it could create a shortage of water. The people would have to walk for long distances to bring water.

(3). Why piping water from Suru is not a sustainable option for the village?

Answer:

Piping water from the Suru River would require the construction of an overhead tank and this will prove to be expensive. Hence, it is not a sustainable option.

(4). Why is cleaning of wells and deepening of handpumps not enough?

Answer:

Cleaning of wells and deepening of handpumps is riot enough because it is a temporary option. The groundwater is going down every year. More water is used than is seeping into the ground.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Very Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Who approves the list of people Below the Poverty Line (BPL) in a village?

Answer:

The Gram Sabha approves the list of people Below the Poverty Line (BPL) in the village.

Question 2. What are the three organs of the village Panchayat?

Answer:

Sarpanch, Panch and Secretary are the three organs of the village Panchayat.

Question 3. How are members of the village Panchayat elected?

Answer:

Members of the village Panchayat are elected through Universal Adult Franchise

Question 4. Who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat?

Answer:

It is the Secretary, who calls the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat.

Question 5. Why is Nirmal Gram Puruskar awarded?

Answer:

The Nirmal Gram Puruskar is awarded to the village Panchs for the excellent work done in the Panchayat.

Question 6. Who received the Nirmal Gram Puruskar in 2005?

Answer:

This award was awarded to two village Panchs from Maharashtrain in 2005.

Question 7. Who is answerable to Gram Sabha?

Answer:

Gram Panchayat and Panchs are answerable to Gram Sabha.

Question 8. What is a Block Samiti?

Answer:

Block Samiti is called Panchayat Samiti or Janpad Panchayat under which many, Gram Panchayats work.

Question 9. How many levels of people’s participation are there In the Panchayati Raj System?

Answer:

There are three levels of people’s participation in the Panchayati Raj System, i.e. at the village level, at the block level, and at the district level.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Short Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. How is Gram Sabha important? Dlksha

Answer:

Gram Sabha is important for various reasons like

• It carries out functions like maintaining peace and order.
• It controls the work of village Panchayats.
• It helps in the implementation of developmental Programmes.

2. What is the work of Gram Panchayat in the Panchayati Raj System?

Answer:

The work of gram Panchayat in the Panchayati Raj System includes

• The construction and maintenance of water resources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources.
• Levying and collecting local taxes.
• Executing government schemes related to generating employment in the village.

Question 3. From what sources does the Panchayat receive funds?

Answer:

The Panchayat receives funds from the following sources

• Collection of taxes on houses, marketplaces, etc.
• Government scheme funds are received through various departments of the government through the Janpad and Zila Panchayat.
• Donations for community works, etc.

Question 4. What are the three levels of Panchayats?

Answer:

Three levels of Panchayats are

• The Gram Panchayat is the first level of democratic government or the first tier of the Panchayats Raj system.
• The block level is the second level, which is also called the Janpad Panchayat or the Panchayat Samiti.
• The third level is the District Panchayat or the Zila Parishad, which makes developmental plans at the district level.

Question 5. What Is the importance of the Panchayati Raj system?

Answer:

The importance of the Panchayati Raj System is

• It teaches people the first lesson of democracy.
• It brings political awareness to rural India.
• People are able to solve their problems through mutual cooperation.

Question 6. Explain why we need local self-government.

Answer:

We need local self-government because

• To solve disputes among the villagers.
• To maintain peace in the village
• To have transparency between villagers and the government.
• To involve the people in the decision-making process.

Civics Chapter 4 Panchayati Raj Long Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. What do you mean by Gram Sabha? How can anybody Dlksha

Answer:

The Gram Sabha is a meeting of all adults who live in the area covered by a Panchayat. This area could include only one village or more than one village.

• To be a member of the Gram Sabha, one must meet the following criteria
• A person must be an adult, meaning a person must be at least 18 years old.
• A person must be a resident of the village or group of villages that the Gram Sabha represents.
• The name of the person must be included in the electoral rolls of the Gram Panchayat.

Question 2. Describe the composition of a Gram Panchayat.

Answer:

• Gram Panchayat is a basic governing institution in Indian villages. Every village Panchayat is divided into wards, i.e. smaller areas.
• Each ward elects a representative who is known as the Ward Member (Panch). The Ward Panchs and the Sarpanch form the Gram Panchayat.
• The Sarpanch is the Panchayat President who is elected by all the members of the Gram Sabha. The Gram Panchayat has a Secretary who is also the Secretary of the Gram Sabha.
• This person is not elected but appointed by the government. The Secretary is responsible for calling the meeting of the Gram Sabha and Gram Panchayat and keeping a record of the proceedings.

Question 3. “The Panchayat Samiti is the intermediate level of the Panchayati Raj System in India. It is responsible for the coordination of development activities at the block level and coordinates development activities at the block level, such as agriculture, education, health, and sanitation.” What is the main responsibility of the Panchayat
Samiti?

Answer:

• The Panchayat Samiti is the intermediate level of the Panchayati Raj System in India and is responsible for coordinating development activities at the block level.
• This includes agriculture, education, health, sanitation, and other important services. The Panchayat Samiti also plays a role in planning and implementing development projects and in monitoring the progress of these projects.

Question 4. A Gram Sabha discusses matters related to development projects, budgets, social welfare programs, etc. It is the primary body of the Panch.”

(1). What is the purpose of a Gram Sabha?

Answer:

A Gram Sabha is a village assembly where all adults can come together to discuss and decide on matters related to their community, such as development projects, budgets, and social welfare programs.

(2). What is the significance of the Gram Sabha in the Panchayati Raj System?

Answer:

• The Gram Sabha is the primary body of the Panchayati Raj System, which is a system of decentralized government in India.
• This means that the Gram Sabha has the power to make decisions about the development of its community, and its decisions are binding on the elected representatives of the Panchayati Raj.