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NCERT Solutions Class 6 Social Science Question Paper

Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs)

Question 1. Which field of study surveys the examination of items created and utilized in historical times?

1. Anthropology
2. Archaeology
3. Sociology
4. History

Answer: 2. Archaeology

Question 2. Where are the rock shelters of Bhimbetka located?

1. Maharashtra
2. Uttar Pradesh
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Rajasthan

Answer: 3. Madhya Pradesh

Question 3. Approximately how many years ago did the Harappan cities begin to develop?

1. 2000 years ago
2. 3000 years ago
3. 4000 years ago
4. 4700 years ago

Answer: 4. 4700 years ago

Question 4. Who among the following is considered a warrior God in the Rigveda?

1. Agni
2. Soma
3. Indra
4. Vanina

Answer: 3. Indra

Question 5. Match the following.

Codes

• A   B   C

1. 1    3   2
2. 2    3   1
3. 3    2   1
4. 1    2   3

Answer: 1. 1 3 2

Question 6. Which term refers to the Sun, the Moon, and other shining objects observed in the night sky?

1. Terrestrial entities
2. Astral bodies
3. Lunar bodies
4. Celestial bodies

Answer: 4. Celestial bodies

Question 7. Which imaginary line divides the Earth into two equal parts?

1. Prime Meridian
2. Arctic Circle
3. Equator
4. Tropic of Cancer

Answer: 3. Equator

Question 8. Which of the following statements is/are true based on the information provided?

1. The axis of the Earth forms an angle of \(66 \frac{1}{2}\) with its orbital plane.
2. The circle that separates day from night on the Earth is termed as the circle of illumination.
3. Earth’s shape prevents the Sun from simultaneously illuminating its entire surface.

Options

1. Only Statement 1 is true
2. Statements 1 and 2 are true
3. Statements 2 and 3 are true
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 9. What type of maps highlight specific information like rainfall, forests, or industries? 

1. General maps
2. Thematic maps
3. Topographic maps
4. Geographical maps

Answer: 2. Thematic maps

Question 10. Which cultural tradition is shared by both Muslims and Buddhists in Ladakh?

1. Recitation of the Quran
2. Performance of local versions of the Kesar Saga
3. Celebrating Hindu festivals
4. The practice of Vedic rituals

Answer: 4. Practice of Vedic rituals

Question 11. Assertion (A) Discrimination includes preventing individuals from using the same cups or glasses for drinking tea as others.

Reason (R) Discrimination is solely related to physical differences among people.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

Question 12. Which individuals participate in the Gram Sabha meeting?

1. Only elected officials from the Panchayat.
2. All adults residing in the area are covered by a Panchayat.
3. Government representatives from different states.
4. Only children residing in the Panchayat area.

Answer: 2. All adults residing in the area covered by a Panchayat.

Question 13. Who oversees the work of Patwaris and ensures the proper collection of land revenue?

1. District Collector
2. Revenue officers or Tehsildars
3. Local government officials
4. Agricultural inspectors

Answer: 2. Revenue officers or Tehsildars

Question 14. In a monarchy, who holds the ultimate decision-making power in the government? 

1. A small group of advisors
2. The ministers appointed by the monarch
3. The monarch (king or queen)
4. Elected representatives

Answer: 3. The monarch (king or queen)

Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The solid portion of the Earth on which we live is called the

Answer: Lithosphere

Question 2. The last and 24th Tirthankara of the Jainas was

Answer: Vardhamana Mahavira

Question 3. A is a sum of money that people pay to the government for the services, the government provides.

Answer: Tax

True or False

Question 1. India is located in the Southern Hemisphere

Answer: False

Question 2. The caste system is another example of inequality.

Answer: True

Question 3. Kalinga is the ancient name of coastal Karnataka.

Answer: False

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Who was the ‘grama bhojaka’?

Answer:

The ‘grama bhojaka’ was the village headman in the Northern part of India. He was a hereditary post and the largest landowner in the village. He collected taxes, acted as a judge, and sometimes as a policeman.

Question 2.25-year-old Rani is unemployed, she doesn’t have any specific qualification in any field. But after 3 months she gets a job in a call center. What role do call centres generally play?

Answer:

The call centers provide employment in cities and provide customer inquiries for various services. India serves as a major hub for both Indian and foreign company operations.

Question 3. What are Poornima and Amavasya? How often do they occur? Or What components constitute the solar system?

Answer:

Poornima is the full Moon night occurring once a month, while Amavasya is the new Moon night occurring a fortnight after. Or

The solar system constitutes the Sun, eight planets, satellites, asteroids, and meteoroids. It is commonly referred to as a solar family, with the Sun as its central figure.

Question 4. Define the Torrid Zone. What is its uniqueness?

Answer:

The Torrid Zone is the region between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. Its uniqueness is its high temperatures and abundant biodiversity

Question 5. What is prejudice? Or What is a stereotype?

Answer:

• Prejudice means negatively judging others and considering one way superior, leading to a lack of respect for those with different preferences or approaches. Or
• The stereotype is defined as fixed images of people based on nationality, religion, gender, or economic status, unfairly labeling everyone in a group due to the actions of a few individuals.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How did the names ‘India’ and ‘Bharata’ originate for the nation?

Answer:

• The term ‘India’ is derived from the river Indus (Sindhu in Sanskrit), with Iranians and Greeks naming the land East of the Indus as ‘India’ around 2500 years ago.
• ‘Bharata’ initially referred to a group residing in the North-West, mentioned in the Rigveda, dating back around 3500 years.
• Over time, ‘Bharata’ evolved to represent the entire country, transitioning from its original group-specific context to a national identity.

Question 2. Explain the key features of the Mesolithic period Or Explain in brief the process of domestication.

Answer:

The key features of the Mesolithic period were as follows animals that are tended by people become different from wild plants and animals. This is because people select plants and animals for domestication.

For example, they select those plants and animals that are not prone to disease. They also select plants that yield large-size grain and have strong stalks, capable of bearing the weight of the ripe grain.

Question 3. Explain the reasons behind the occurrence of the summer solstice.

Answer:

• The reasons behind the occurrence of summer solstice are related to the tilt of the Earth’s axis and its revolution around the Sun.
• The Earth’s axis is tilted at an angle of 23.5 degrees with respect to its orbital plane. This means that different parts of the Earth receive different amounts of sunlight throughout the year.
• When one hemisphere is tilted towards the Sun, it experiences summer, while the opposite hemisphere experiences winter. The summer solstice is the time when one hemisphere has its maximum tilt toward the Sun and receives its longest day and shortest night.

Question 4. What are symbols on a map? Why are they essential? Or Parul and Rachna both are friends. In the geography period, the teacher explained about maps. But Parul was absent on that day. In the evening, Rachna called Parul to explain about the maps. How will Rachna define a map and its various types with examples so that Parul can easily understand?

Answer:

• The symbols on a map represent features like buildings, roads, trees, etc as their actual shapes and sizes cannot be drawn accurately.
• Symbols on a map are essential because they help us to understand and find important features on a map without using words. Symbols make maps easier to read and give us information about what things look like or where they are located. Or
• Rachna will explain about map to Parul that a map is a drawing or a picture that shows the features of a place or an object on a flat surface. There are many types of maps, such as
• Political maps It shows cities, towns and villages and different countries, and states of the world with their boundaries. For example, a map of India showing its states and capitals is a political map.
• Physical maps It shows natural features of the Earth such as mountains, plateaus, plains, rivers, oceans, etc. For example, a map of India showing the continents and oceans is a physical map.
• Thematic maps show specific information; such as road maps, rainfall maps, maps showing distribution of forests, industries, etc. For example, a map of India showing the rainfall distribution is a thematic map.

Question 5. Explain discrimination in brief and provide, examples of discriminatory actions.

Answer:

• Discrimination occurs when people act prejudices or stereotypes, treating others unfairly by barring them from activities, or jobs, or denying them equal access to resources like water or cups.
• Diversity like religious or cultural differences, can lead to discrimination. For example, people speaking different languages or following specific customs might face discrimination due to their practices being perceived as inferior, highlighting how diversity can sometimes become a reason for unfair treatment.

Question 6. Describe the tasks of a Gram Panchayat.

Answer:

The tasks of a Gram Panchayat are as follows

• Its main task is to implement development programs for all villages that come under it.
• Its task involves the construction and maintenance of water sources, roads, drainage, school buildings, and other common property resources.
• Collection of taxes on houses, marketplaces, and Government scheme funds received through various departments of the government.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Define the levels of government. What is the role of laws in government functioning? Explain in brief.  Or How did India achieve its democracy? What were the challenges in establishing a representative democracy?

Answer:

• The government operates at three distinct levels: local, state, and national. Local governments focus on managing affairs within specific communities, addressing issues like public services and infrastructure.
• State governments oversee larger regions or states within a country. At the national level, the Central Government governs the entire country, dealing with issues of national importance like defense, foreign policy, and economic regulation.

The role of laws in government functioning is

• Government makes laws and everyone who lives in the country has to follow these.
• The government has the power to make decisions, similarly, it has the power to enforce its decisions. For example, there is a law that says that all persons driving a motor vehicle must have a license.
• Any person caught driving a vehicle without a license can either be jailed or fined a large sum of money.
• Without these laws, the government’s power to make decisions is not of much use. Or
• India achieved its democracy by a long and eventful struggle of the Indian people. The key feature of democracy is people do not participate directly but, instead, choose their representatives through an election process.

Some of the challenges in establishing a representative democracy in India were

• To unite a diverse and divided country with different languages, religions, cultures, and regions.
• To build democratic institutions and practices, such as free and fair elections, an independent judiciary, a responsible executive, and a vibrant civil society.
• To address the problems of poverty, illiteracy, corruption, violence, and social injustice that affect the quality of democracy.
• To create a Constitution that reflects the aspirations and values of the people and protects their fundamental rights.

Question 2. Explain the characteristics of the five major continents. Or How does the atmosphere protect life on Earth? Explain in brief.

Answer:

The main characteristics of the five continents are as

Asia is the largest continent. It covers about one-third of the total land area of the Earth. The continent lies in the Eastern Hemisphere. The Tropic of Cancer passes through this continent.

Europe is much smaller than Asia. The continent lies to the West of Asia. The Arctic Circle passes through it. It is bound by water bodies on three sides.

Australia is the smallest continent that lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere. It is surrounded on all sides by the oceans and seas. It is called an island continent.

North America is the third largest continent in the world. It is linked to South America by a very narrow strip of land called the Isthmus of Panama. The continent lies completely in the Northern and Western Hemisphere. Three oceans surround this continent.

Hemisphere. The Andes, the world’s longest mountain range runs through its length from North

South. South America has the world’s largest river the Amazon. Or

• The atmosphere is the layer of gases that surrounds the Earth. It protects life on Earth in many ways, such as
• The atmosphere is divided into five layers based on composition, temperature, and other properties. These layers starting from Earth’s surface are called the troposphere, the stratosphere, the mesosphere, the thermosphere, and the exosphere.
• This thin blanket of air is an integral and important aspect of the planet. It provides us with the air we breathe and protects us from the harmful effects of the Sun’s rays.
• The atmosphere protects the Earth from small meteoroids, which are pieces of rocks or dust in space. Most of them burn up when they enter the atmosphere, creating shooting stars.
• The atmosphere contains oxygen, which is essential for living things and carbon dioxide which is essential for plants. The atmosphere also contains water vapor, which forms clouds and rain.

Question 3. What are the main features of the Rigveda? How did it survive over time? Or a 30-year-old man Raju is a home tutor, when he was teaching about the Rigvedic age. A boy from 6th class asked him, ‘What were some of the main reasons battles were fought according to the Rigveda and how people are described in r the Rigveda?

Answer:

The main features of the Rigveda are

• It is the oldest Veda composed about 3500 years ago.
• It is written in Vedic Sanskrit.
• The Rigveda includes more than a thousand hymns, called sukta or “well-said”.
• These hymns are in praise of various gods and goddesses.
• Three gods are especially important: Agni, the god of fire; Indra, a warrior god; and Soma, a plant from which a special drink was prepared.
• It was written down several centuries after it was first composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

The Rigveda survived over time because

• The hymns of Rigveda Priests taught students to recite and memorize each syllable, word, and sentence, bit by bit, with great care.
• It was translated into other languages, such as English, to make it accessible to a wider audience.
• It was stored in libraries and museums, where it is still studied and admired by scholars and devotees.
• Or Raju described to the boy that according to the Rigveda, battles were fought for various reasons such as
• The acquisition of valuable resources like cattle, land for pasture and water sources.
• Conflicts were waged to capture individuals and expand territories. The need to secure hardy crops such as barley, further motivated warfare.
• Wealth obtained from battles was distributed among leaders, priests, and the populace, sometimes used for sacrificial rituals.
• Most men took part in these wars. There was no regular army, but there were assemblies where people met and discussed matters of war and peace. They also chose leaders, who were often brave and skillful warriors.
• In the Rigveda, people are primarily described based on the work they do, the language they speak, the place they belong to, their family, their communities, and cultural practices.
• Two main groups are prominent: the priests, often referred to as Brahmins, who performed various rituals, and the rajas, who were rulers of territories but differed significantly from later rulers.

Case-Based Questions

1. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

• If the seeds are not of good quality or pests attack their crop there can be a major crop failure. The crops can also be ruined if the monsoon does not bring enough rain.
• When this happens farmers sometimes are unable to pay back their loans. And, for the family to survive, they may even have to borrow more money.
• Soon the loan becomes so large that no matter what they earn, they are unable to repay. In recent years, this has become a major cause of distress among farmers. In some areas, this has also resulted in many farmers committing suicide.

Question 1. What are the main factors that can cause failure for farmers?

Answer: The main factors that can cause crop failure for farmers are poor quality seeds, pest attacks, or insufficient rainfall.

Question 2. How does crop failure affect the farmers’ ability to repay their loans?

Answer: Crop failure reduces the farmers’ income and forces them to borrow more money, which increases their debt burden and makes it harder to repay their loans.

Question 3. What are the consequences of farmers’ distress and indebtedness on their mental health and well-being?

Answer: Farmers’ distress and indebtedness can lead to depression, hopelessness, and despair, which can sometimes drive them to commit suicide.

2. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

• The mid-day Sun is exactly overhead at least once a year on all latitudes in between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn. This area, therefore, receives the maximum heat and is called the Torrid Zone.
• The mid-day Sun never shines overhead on any latitude beyond the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn.
• The angle of the Sun’s rays decreases towards the poles. As such, the areas bounded by the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern Hemisphere, and the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern Hemisphere, have moderate temperatures.
• These are, therefore, called Temperate Zones.

Question 1. What is the name of the area that receives the maximum heat from the Sun?

Answer: The Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn receive the maximum heat and it’s called the Torrid Zone.

Question 2. What is the reason for the moderate temperatures in the Temperate Zones?

Answer: The Temperate Zones have moderate temperatures because the Sun’s rays are slanted and less intense.

Question 3. What are the latitudes that mark the boundaries of the Temperate Zones?

Answer: The Temperate Zones are bounded by the Tropic of Cancer, the Arctic Circle, the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Antarctic Circle.

3. Read the given passage and answer the questions that follow.

• About 2500 years ago, some janapadas became more important than others and were known as Mahajanapadas. Most mahajanapadas had a capital city, and many of these were fortified.
• This means that huge walls of wood, brick, or stone were built around them. Forts were probably built because people were afraid of attacks from other kings and needed protection.
• It is also likely that some rulers wanted to show how rich and powerful they were by building really large, tall, and impressive walls around their cities.
• Also in this way, the land and the people living inside the fortified area could be controlled more easily by the king. Building such huge walls required a great deal of planning. Thousands, if not lakhs of bricks or stones had to be prepared.

Question 1. What is the meaning of mahajanapada and how did it differ from janapada?

Answer: Mahajanapada means a great kingdom or a large territory. It differed from janapada, which was a smaller kingdom or a tribal territory. Mahajanapadas emerged from janapadas due to socio-economic and political developments

Question 2. What was the purpose of building forts around the capital cities of mahajanapadas?

Answer: The purpose of building forts around the capital of Mahajanapadas was to provide security and defense against enemy attacks, and to display the wealth and power of the rulers

Question 3. What were the challenges of building forts in ancient times?

Answer:  The Temperate Zones are bounded by the Tropic of Cancer, the Arctic Circle, the Tropic of Capricorn, and the Antarctic Circle.

Map Based Question

Question 1. On the political map of India, locate the following.

1. Locate the state of Garo Hills.
2. Locate the Kurnool cave.
3. The place in Assam has a different local time -Dibrugarh

Question 2. On the given political outline outline map of India, identify and label the following

1. The ancient city where people learned to grow wheat
2. State through which Tropic of Cancer passes.

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire

NCERT Question And Answers:

Question 1. The places where inscriptions of Ashoka have been found are marked with red dots. These were included within the empire. Name the countries where Ashokan inscriptions have been found. Which Indian states were outside the empire?

Answer:

Countries where Ashokan inscriptions have been found are India, Pakistan, Afghanistan, and Nepal. Indian states that were outside the Mauryan Empire are Kerala, Tamil Nadu, West Bengal, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Assam, Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland, Mizoram, Manipur, Sikkim and Arunachal Pradesh.

Question 2. Why do you think the king (Chandragupta) had special servants to taste the food he ate?

Answer:

The king was afraid that someone might try to kill him by poisoning the food, so he had special servants to taste the food before he ate.

Question 3. In what ways was Pataliputra different from Mohenjodaro?

Answer:

Differences between Pataliputra and Mohenjodaro were as follows

Question 4. How did the Kalinga War bring about a change in Ashoka’s attitude towards war?

Answer:

The Kalinga War had a great impact on Ashoka’s attitude towards war. In the course of the war, many people were killed.

He realized that war only caused pain and suffering, so he decided to follow the path of peace. He spread the message of dhamma, which means morality. He encouraged people to be kind to each other, to treat all living beings with respect, and to follow the law.

Question 5. Identify the parts of Ashoka’s message that you think are relevant today.

Answer:

The following parts of Ashoka’s message are still relevant today

• Being gentle with slaves and servants.
• Respecting one’s elders.
• Treating all creatures with compassion.
• Giving gifts to Brahmins and monks.
• One should respect the other’s religion.

Question 6. You live in Kalinga, and your parents have suffered in the war. Messengers from Ashoka have just arrived with new ideas about dhamma. Describe the dialogue between them and your parents.

Answer:

The dialogue between Messengers from Ashoka and my parents could be

• Messengers We have come from Emperor Ashoka with a new idea.
• Parents, We don’t want any new ideas. We are tired of war and violence. Can you bring us peace?
• Messengers Emperor Ashoka agrees with you and has learned that war only brings pain and suffering. He now follows Dhamma, which means kindness and respect for all living things.
• Father, How can we be kind when we have lost so much?
• Messengers Dhamma teaches us to let go of anger and hard feelings. It encourages us to forgive others and treat them with kindness.
• Mother Perhaps dhamma can help us heal and rebuild our lives.
• Messengers Yes, dhamma can guide us toward a peaceful and harmonious future.
• Parents, We are ready to learn dhamma and bring peace to our land.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Exercises

Question 1. Make a list of the occupations of the people who lived within the Mauryan empire.

Answer:

The following were the occupations of those people who lived within the Mauryan empire

1. Farming
2. Handicrafts
3. Trading
4. Herding
5. Hunting and gathering
6. Some people were government officials
7. Many people were employed in the Royal army
8. Stone cutting and craftmanship.

Question 2. Complete the following sentences:

1. Officials collected …….. from the area under the direct control of the ruler.

Answer: taxes

2. Royal princes often went to the provinces as ………

Answer: rivers, roads

3. The Mauryan rulers tried to control ……… and ……. which were important for transport.

Answer: Rivers, Roads

4. People in forested regions provided the Mauryan officials with

Answer: honey, timber, wax, etc.

Question 3. State whether true or false.

1. Ujjain was the gateway to the North-West.

Answer: False

2. Chandragupta’s ideas were written down in the Arthashastra.

Answer: False

3. Kalinga was the ancient name of Bengal.

Answer: False

4. Most Ashokan inscriptions are in the Brahmi script.

Answer: True

Question 4. What were the problems that Ashoka wanted to solve by introducing Dhamma?

Answer:

Ashoka wanted to solve the following problems by introducing dhamma

• Different religions followed by people in the empire were a source of conflict. He wanted to promote tolerance and understanding between different religious groups.
• He was against animal sacrifice and wanted to end this practice within the empire. He believed that all living beings should be treated with respect.
• The slaves and servants were ill-treated. He wanted to improve the lives of slaves and servants by providing them with better working conditions.
• He wanted to create a more harmonious society by promoting peace and non-violence.

Question 5. What were the means adopted by Ashoka to spread the message of Dhamma?

Answer:

• Ashoka adopted the following measures to spread the message of his dhamma
• He appointed officials known as dhamma mahamatta to spread and explain the message of dhamma.
• He engraved the principles of dhamma on rocks and pillars.
• He sent messengers to spread ideas about dhamma to other lands, such as Egypt, Syria Greece, and Sri Lanka.
• He sent his son Mahendra and daughter Sanghmitra to Sri Lanka to spread the idea of dhamma.

Question 6. Why do you think slaves and servants were ill-treated? Do you think the orders of the emperor would have improved their condition? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

• Servants and slaves were considered inferior by the people. Hence, servants and slaves were ill-treated. They did not have any political rights. Ashoka’s orders may have had some effect because he was a powerful king.
• Also, his messages must have helped in improving people’s awareness about that issue and have helped in improving the situation.

Question 7. Write a short paragraph explaining to Roshan why the lions are shown on our currency notes. List at least one other object on which you see them.

Answer:

• The lions are shown on our currency notes because they are part of the Lion Capital of Ashoka, which is a national emblem of India.
• The Lion Capital of Ashoka is a sculpture of four lions standing back-to-back, mounted on an abacus. The lions are symbols of strength, courage, and leadership.
• The Lion Capital of Ashoka was placed atop a pillar at Sarnath, which was a major Buddhist pilgrimage site. The pillar was erected to commemorate Ashoka’s conversion to Buddhism and his propagation of the dhamma, which is a philosophy of righteousness, peace, and non-violence.
• The Lion Capital of Ashoka can also be seen on other objects in India, such as the President’s seal, the State Emblem of India, and the Indian passports.

Question 8. Suppose you had the power to inscribe your orders, what four commands would you like to issue?

Answer:

If I had the power to inscribe my order, I would like to issue the following four commands

• Respect teachers, parents, and elders.
• Obey the orders of elders and love all young ones.
• All children, whether boys or girls, should be sent to school.
• There should be no difference on the basis of caste and gender.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. Who was the son of Chandragupta Maurya?

1. Bindusara
2. Ashoka
3. Bimbisara
4. Samudragupta

Answer: 1. Bindusara

Question 2. Who was the son of Bindusara?

1. Chandragupta
2. Ashoka
3. Balwan
4. Samudragupta

Answer: 2. Ashoka

Question 3. Where did Ashoka get his messages inscribed?

1. Rocks and pillars
2. Paper
3. Walls
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Rocks and pillars

Question 4. Maurayan emperors needed more resources 

1. for better administration of their empires.
2. to maintain bigger armies to protect the empires.
3. to pay to the officials who would collect taxes.
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 5. Mauryans tried to control roads and rivers to Diksha

1. control transport
2. collect taxes
3. administer in a better way
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 6. Ashoka gave up war after winning over which of the following regions?

1. Taxila
2. Pataliputra
3. Ujjain
4. Kalinga

Answer: 4. Kalinga

Question 7. Ashoka was inspired by the teachings of

1. Bindusara
2. Bimbisara
3. Buddha
4. Chandragupta

Answer: 3. Buddha

Question 8. At present, where the Rampurwa bull is placed?

1. Bihar Bhavan
2. Rashtrapati Bhavan
3. Parliament
4. India Gate

Answer: 2. Rashtrapati Bhavan

Question 9. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. Ashoka’s inscriptions were inscribed on pillars only.
2. The Mauryan Empire was founded by Chandragupta.
3. Kautilya wrote the book ‘The Arthashastra’.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 2 and 3

Question 10. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. Three important rulers of the Mauryan empire were Chandragupta, Bindusara, and Ashoka.
2. Ujjain was the gateway from the North to the South during the Mauryan period.
3. People in different parts of the Mauryan Empire spoke the same language.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 2 and 4
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 1.

Question 11. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct code from the options given below.

1. Kalinga war
2. Beginning of the Mauryan Empire
3. Ashoka’s policy of Dhamma

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 3, 2,
3. 2, 1, 3
4. 3, 2, 1

Answer: 3. 2, 1, 3

Question 12. Arrange the following cities in East to West direction chronological order and choose the correct code from the options given below.

1. Ujjain
2. Pataliputra
3. Taxila
4. Meerut

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 4, 1, 3
3. 3, 4, 1, 2
4. 4, 2, 1, 3

Answer: 2.

Question 13. Identify the person from the statements given below.

1. He was an ambassador of a Greek ruler.
2. He came to the court of Chandragupta and wrote an account about the Mauryan empire.
3. He wrote about Pataliputra, “This is a large and beautiful city.”

Codes

1. Ashoka
2. Chanakya
3. Megasthenes
4. Bindusara

Answer: 3. Megasthenes

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Match The Following

Question 1.

Codes:

• A  B  C  D  E

1. 5  4  1  2   3
2. 4  1  2  3   5
3. 2  3  1  4   5
4. 3  4  5  1   2

Answer: 1. 5 4 1 2 3

Question 2.

Codes

• A  B  C   D

1. 1  4   2   3
2. 2  4  1    3
3. 2  3  1    4
4. 3  1  2     4

Answer: 3. 2 3 1 4

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Assertion Reason

Question 1. Assertion (A) Ashoka fought a war to conquer Kalinga

Reason (R) Chandragupta was the only king in the history of the world who gave up conquest after winning a war.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

Question 2. Assertion (A) Ashoka appointed dhamma mahamattas.

Reason (R) Ashoka also got his message inscribed on rocks and pillars.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. Most modern Indian scripts have developed from the …….. script over hundreds of years.

Answer: Brahmi

Question 2. The area around …….. was under the direct control of the emperor.

Answer: Pataliputra

Question 3. When members of the same family become rulers one after another, the family is often called a ………

Answer: dynasty

Question 4. Chandragupta was supported by a wise man named …….

Answer: Chanakya or Kautilya

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire True or False

Question 1. Many of Chanakya’s ideas were written down in a book called the Dharmashastra.

Answer: False

Question 2. Officials also punished those who disobeyed the ruler s orders.

Answer: True

Question 3. Spies kept a watch on the emperor.

Answer: False

Question 4. Megasthenes was an ambassador of Chandragupta.

Answer: False

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Picture Based Question And Answers

In which of the following places, is the Lion capital shown in the image located?

1. Sarnath
2. Taxila
3. Pataliputra
4. Ujjain

Answer: 1. Sarnath

Question 2. Answer the questions based on the picture given below.

(1) Which sculpture is shown in the picture?

Answer: Rampurwa bull is shown in the picture.

(2) The above sculpture belongs to which dynasty?

Answer: The sculpture belongs to the Mauryan dynasty.

(3) Where was It found?

Answer: It was local at Kampurwa, Bihar.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Case-Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “The empire that Ashoka ruled was founded by his grandfather, Chandragupta Maurya, more than 2300 years ago. Chandragupta was supported by a wise man named Chanakya or Kautilya.
• Many of Chanakya’s ideas were written down in a book called the Arthashastra. There were several cities in the empire. These included the capital of Pataliputra, Taxila, and Ujjain.
• Taxila was a gateway to the North-West, including Central Asia, while Ujjain lay on the route from North to South India. Merchants, officials, and craftspersons probably lived in these cities.”

1. What is the modern name of Pataliputra?

1. Gaya
2. Ujjain
3. Patna
4. Kalinga

Answer: 3. Patna

2. Choose the correct sequence of Mauryan rulers.

1. Chandragupta Maurya, Ashoka, Bindusara
2. Bindusara, Ashoka, Chandragupta Maurya
3. Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka
4. Ashoka, Chandragupta Maurya

Answer: 3. Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, Ashoka

3. According to the Arthashastra, which region was known for its gold and precious stones?

1. North-India
2. South-India
3. North-West India
4. South-East India

Answer: 2. South-India

4. Why was Taxila called the gateway?

1. Because it was the largest gold market
2. Because it connected Ujjain and Pataliputra
3. Because it connected West Asia to the Indian subcontinent
4. Because it connected South Asia to Europe

Answer: 3. Because it connected West Asia to the Indian

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “Eight years after became king I conquered Kalinga. About one lakh and a half people were captured and more than a lakh people were killed. This filled me with sorrow. Why? Whenever an independent land is conquered, lakhs of people die, and many are taken prisoner. Brahmins and monks also die.
• People who are kind to their relatives and friends, to their slaves and servants die or lose their loved ones. That is why l am sad and have decided to observe Dhamma and teach others about it as well. I believe that winning people over through dhamma is much better than conquering them through force.
• I am inscribing this message for the future so that my son and grandson after me should not think about war. instead, they should try to think about how to spread dhamma.”

 1. Which event led Ashoka to adopt Dhamma?
Answer:

The conquest of Kalinga, which resulted in immense loss of life led Ashoka to adopt dhamma.

2. What Is the difference between conquering through dhamma and conquering through force?
Answer:

Conquering through dhamma involves winning over people through persuasion and understanding while conquering through force involves violence.

3. Why does Ashoka believe that spreading dhamma Is better than conquering through force?
Answer:

Ashoka believes that spreading dhamma is better as it leads to lasting peace while conquering through force only brings destruction and suffering,

4. What message does Ashoka want to convey to his future generations?
Answer:

Ashoka urges his son and grandson to abandon the path of war and instead focus on promoting Dhamma and spreading peace.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Which city of the Mauryan empire was the gateway to the North-West?
Answer:

Taxila was the gateway to the North-West, including Central Asia.

Question 2. Name some of the important cities of the Mauryan empire.
Answer:

Important cities of the Mauryan empire were the capital cities Pataliputra, Taxila, and Ujjain.

Question 3. Name the important rulers of the Mauryan dynasty.
Answer:

Chandragupta Maurya, Bindusara, and Ashoka are the important rulers of the Mauryan dynasty.

Question 4. List the things which the people of the forested region were expected to provide to the kings.
Answer:

The people of the forested region were expected to provide several things like elephants, timber, honey, and wax to the Mauryan kings.

Question 5. Who was Megasthenes ?
Answer:

Megasthenes was an ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta by the Greek ruler of West Asia named Seleucus Nicator.

Question 6. Who is the only king in history to give up conquest after winning a war?
Answer:

Ashoka is the only king in history to give up conquest after winning a war.

Question 7. Mention any one welfare policy of Ashoka for his subjects.
Answer:

The welfare policy of Ashoka for his subjects was to arrange the medical treatment of human beings and animals.

Question 8. What was the function of dhamma mahamattas?
Answer:

Ashoka appointed dhamma mahamatta to teach people about dhamma.

Question 9. Name the countries where Ashoka sent his officials to spread dhamma.
Answer:

Ashoka sent his officials to spread dhamma to Syria, Egypt, Greece, and Sri Lanka.

Question 10. Name the Greek ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta.
Answer:

Megasthenes was the Greek ambassador who was sent to the court of Chandragupta Maurya.

Question 11. What do you mean by dynasty? Give example.
Answer:

Members of the same family become rulers one after another, the family is often called a dynasty.

For example, the Mauryas were a dynasty with three important rulers—Chandragupta, his son Bindusara, and Bindusara’s son, Ashoka.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Discuss about the cities and other areas in the Mauryan Empire.
Answer:

• There were several cities in the Mauryan empire including the capital Pataliputra, Taxila, and Ujjain. Taxila was a gateway to the North-West, including Central Asia, while Ujjain lay on the route from North to South India. Merchants, officials, and craftspersons probably lived in these cities.
• In other areas, there were villages of farmers and herders. In some areas such as Central India, there were forests where people gathered forest produce and hunted animals for food.

Question 2. Explain Ashoka and his inscriptions.
Answer:

• Ashoka was the most famous Mauryan ruler and was the first ruler who tried to spread his message to the people through inscriptions.
• Most of Ashoka’s inscriptions were in Prakrit and were written in the Brahmi script. His inscriptions were inscribed on pillars, as well as on rock surfaces. Ashoka got his messages inscribed on rocks and pillars and instructed his officials to read his message to those who could not read it themselves.

Question 3. How did Ashoka ensure that his message of dhamma lasts for generations?
Answer:

Ashoka ensured that his message of dhamma lasted for generations by inscribing his message on stone and iron pillars. He did not use paper because it decays with time. He chose hard surfaces so that these inscriptions could remind his son and grandsons to not think about war. Instead, they should try to think about how to spread dhamma.

Question 4. Why did Ashoka want to spread Dhamma?
Answer:

• Ashoka wanted to spread dhamma because he felt that he had a duty to instruct his subjects and he was also inspired by the teachings of the Buddha.
• A number of problems such as the people in the empire followed different religions and this sometimes led to conflict that troubled him a lot. Slaves and servants were ill-treated besides; there were fights in families and amongst neighbors.
• Ashoka felt it was his duty to solve these problems. So, he appointed officials, known as the dhamma mahamattas who went from place to place teaching people about dhamma.

Question 5. What are the differences between an empire and a kingdom?
Answer:

The differences between empire and kingdom are as follows

• Emperors need more resources than kings because empires are larger than kingdoms, and need to be protected by big armies.
• Emperors also needed a larger number of officials than kings who collected taxes, and the ruling pattern was also different in empires due to their larger size.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Long Answer Types Question And Answers

Question 1. The empire was a vast territory. How did the emperors run the Mauryan empire?

Answer:

The Mauryan emperors run the empire in the following ways

• The area around Pataliputra was under the direct control of the emperor which meant that officials were appointed to collect taxes from farmers, herders, craftspersons, and traders, who lived in villages and towns in the area.
• Many of these officials were given salaries and these officials punished those who disobeyed the ruler’s orders.
• Messengers went from place to place to give the messages and spies kept a watch on the officials. The emperor supervised them all, with the help of members of the royal family and senior ministers.
• The other areas or provinces were ruled by a provincial capital such as Taxila or Ujjain. These provinces were controlled by Pataliputra to some extent, and mostly the royal princes were sent to these provinces as Governors. However, local customs and rules were probably followed in these provinces.
• Apart from the provinces, there were vast areas between the provincial centers. The Maury as tried to control roads and rivers in these centers which were important for transport, and to collect resources as tax and tribute.

Question 2. How has megasthenes described the emperor Chandragupta Maurya’s luxurious life?

Answer:

Megasthenes described the luxurious life of Chandragupta Maurya in the following ways

• The occasions on which the emperor appeared in public were celebrated with grand royal processions.
• He was carried in a golden wagon (potable chair). His guards rode elephants decorated with gold and silver.
• Some of the guards carried trees on which live birds, including a flock of trained parrots, circle about the head of the emperor. The king was normally surrounded by armed women.
• He was afraid that someone might try to kill him. So, he had special servants to taste the food before he ate. This was done to ensure the safety of the emperor.
• He never slept in the same bedroom for two nights.

Question 3. Briefly discuss the messages of Ashoka given to his people.

Answer:

The messages of Ashoka given to his people were as follows

• Rituals performed during various life events like childbirth or marriage are not useful. People should give up on such rituals.
• People should focus on practicing kindness, respecting elders, and showing compassion to all beings. One should be gentle with slaves and servants.
• One should give gifts to Brahmins and monks and support them
• One should avoid praising one’s own religion while criticizing others. By doing this one harms his own religion. Instead, people should try to understand the main ideas of other religions and respect other religions.

History Chapter 7 From A Kingdom To An Empire Map Based Question

Question 1. Mark the following places on the outline map of India.

1. Pataliputra
2. Ujjain
3. Rampurwa
4. Kaushambi
5. Topra
6. Sarnath
7. Sanchi

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. What was the language used to compose the Vedas?
Answer:

Vedic-Sanskrit was the language used to compose the Vedas.

Question 2. What was the Buddha trying to teach the sorrowing mother?
Answer:

The Buddha wanted Kisagotami to understand that death is a natural part of life, affecting everyone. He showed her that sorrow is universal. His lesson was to accept the cycle of life and death with peace.

Question 3. How did the beggar convince the sages to share their food with him?
Answer:

The beggar convinced the sages by saying that the universal soul fills the entire world and God is a part of this universal soul.

Everybody in the world is also a part of this universal soul. So, if the sages refuse to give food to the beggar, they are actually denying food to the universal soul. By hearing the beggar’s logic, the sages realized the truth and shared food with him.

Question 4. Why do you think the term Jina was used for Mahavira?
Answer:

The term ‘Jina’ meaning conqueror, may be used for Mahavira because he conquered the inner enemies like attachment, greed, and anger through self-discipline and spiritual practice.

Question 5. In what way was the system of ashramas different from life in the Sangha?
Answer:

The system of ashramas was different from life in the Sangha in the following ways

Question 6. List the reasons why Xuan Zang wanted to study in Nalanda.
Answer:

Xuan Zang wanted to study in Nalanda because of the following reasons

• Highly Skilled Teachers He admired the teachers’ knowledge and sincerity in teaching the Buddha’s teachings.
• Strict Rules The monastery had strict rules, ensuring discipline and dedication among its residents.
• Intellectual Discussions Discussions throughout the day allowed mutual learning between the old and young, encouraging a rich exchange of ideas.
• Entrance Challenge The difficult entrance test fascinated him, showing the high standards of knowledge expected, and attracting scholars seeking deep learning.

Question 7. You want to go to listen to one of the preachers who lived about 2500 yours ago. Describe your conversation with your parents as you try to persuade Thorn to let you go.
Answer:

If I get a chance to listen to it preacher, who lived around 2500 years ago, then I will ask him various questions regarding the preachers like, the challenges of common people and the purpose of human life,

Hut, before this, I will pursue my parcels lo let me go and have a discussion. I will tell my parents that it Is a great opportunity for me to know the answers to many questions and would make them aware that it would improve my learning also,

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Exercises

Question 1. Doscrlbo tho ways In which tho Buddha tried to spread his message to the people.
Answer:

Buddha tried to spread his message of being kind and to respect the lives of people in the following ways

• Buddha taught people in Prakrit, which was understood by ordinary people,
• He also encouraged people to think for themselves rather than to simply accept what he said,
• Buddha moved from place to place to give his message to the people.
• Buddha himself set an example to lead a simple life,

Question 2. Write whether true or false.

1. The Buddha encouraged animal sacrifices.

Answer: False

2. Sarnalh Is Important because it was the place where the Buddha taught for the first lime.

Answer: True

3. The Buddha taught that karma has no effect on our lives.

Answer: False

4. The Buddha attained enlightenment at Bodh Gaya.

Answer: True

5. Upanishadic thinkers believed that the airman and Brahman were ultimately one.

Answer: True

Question 3. What were the questions that Upanlshadlc thinkers wanted to answer?
Answer:

The questions that Upanishadic thinkers wanted to answer were

• They wanted To know why sacrifices should be performed.
• They wanted to know about life after death,
• Many of these thinkers felt that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death,
• They described tins as the alman or the individual soul and the brahman or the universal soul. Ultimately they believed that both the atman and the Brahman were one.

Question 4. What were the main teachings of the Mahavira?
Answer:

The main teachings of the Mahavira were

• Mahavira taught a simple doctrine that men and women who wished to know the truth must leave their homes.
• They must follow very strictly the rules of ahimsa, which means not hurting or killing living beings. He believed that everyone in this world wants to live, as everyone’s life is precious.

Question 5. Why do you think Anagha’s mother wanted her to know the story of the Buddha?
Answer:

• Anagha’s mother wanted her to know about the Buddha because his story teaches kindness, peace, and understanding.
• Learning about the Buddha’s life helps in understanding important values like compassion and wisdom. Visiting Sarnath, where the Buddha preached his first sermon, shows the significance of his teachings.

Question 6. Do you think it would have been easy for slaves to join the sangha? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

• It. was hard for slaves to join the sangha because they needed permission from their masters, who were the people they worked for.
• Sometimes, masters depended on their slaves for their work, so they might not allow them to leave easily. This made it tough for slaves to become part of the sangha even if they wanted to.

Question 7. Discuss the reasons why the Chinese pilgrims came to India.
Answer:

• Chinese pilgrims like Fa Xian, Xuan Zang, and I-Qing traveled to India to visit places linked to Buddha’s life and famous monasteries.
• They aimed to worship at sacred sites and learn from Indian Buddhist scholars. Their accounts give details of their dangerous journeys, lasting years, highlighting the countries they visited, and the books they carried back.
• They searched for spiritual knowledge and texts to enrich Buddhism in China, sharing their experiences upon return, contributing significantly to the understanding of Buddhism in their homeland.

Question 8. Make a list of at least five ideas and questions mentioned in this lesson. Choose three from the list and discuss why you think they are important even today.
Answer:

Ideas and questions mentioned in this lesson are as follows

• Life after death
• Ahimsa (non-violence)
• Life is full of suffering and unhappiness due to cravings and desires
• The teachings of Buddha
• Pilgrimages to sacred places

The following ideas are still relevant today

• Life is full of suffering and unhappiness due to cravings and desires This concept highlights the root cause of dissatisfaction. It guides individuals to find happiness in simplicity.
• Ahimsa (non-violence) promotes compassion, respect, and empathy towards all living beings and sparks positive change in the world around them.
• Life after death encourages reflection on moral conduct, kindness, and leaving a positive legacy.

Question 9. Find out more about men and women who renounce the world today. Where do they live, what kinds of clothes do they wear, what do they eat? Why do they renounce the world?
Answer:

• Individuals who renounce the world may live in monasteries, temples, forests, or remote mountains, often following specific rules and practices unique to their tradition.
• They wear simple clothes. Their diet usually consists of simple vegetarian meals, and some may observe fasting.
• The reasons for renouncing the world are to focus on spiritual growth, meditation, and self-realization.

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. When was Gautama Buddha born?

1. About 3000 years ago
2. About 2500 years ago
3. About 1500 years ago
4. About 1000 years ago

Answer: 2. About 2500 years ago

Question 2. What was the early name of Buddha?

1. Ramananda
2. Mahavira
3. Anagh
4. Siddhartha

Answer: 4. Siddhartha

Question 3. From which Vedic group, Buddha belonged?

1. Brahman
2. Kshatriya
3. Shudra
4. Vaishya

Answer: 2. Kshatriya

Question 4. Under which tree, did Buddha attain his enlightenment?

1. Mango tree
2. Banana tree
3. Peepal tree
4. Apple tree

Answer: 3. Peepal tree

Question 5. Gautama Buddha passed away at

1. Gaya
2. Bodh Gaya
3. Sarnath
4. Kusinara

Answer: 4. Kusinara

Question 6. Who believed that the results of our actions (called Karma) affect us both in this life and the next?

1. Buddha
2. Mahavira
3. Panini
4. Kisagotami

Answer: 1. Buddha

Question 7. In which language Buddha taught ordinary people?

1. Sanskrit
2. Pali
3. Hindi
4. Prakrit

Answer: 4. Prakrit

Question 8. Who prepared a grammar for Sanskrit?

1. Buddha
2. Mahavira
3. Kisagotami
4. Panini

Answer: 4. Panini

Question 9. When did Mahavira spread his message of Jainism?

1. About 3000 years ago
2. About 2500 years ago
3. About 1500 years ago
4. About 1000 years ago

Answer: 2. About 2500 years ago

Question 10. The word Jaina comes from

1. Tina
2. Jina
3. Vika
4. Dika

Answer: 2. Jina

Question 11. These were made of wood, and then of brick. Some were even in caves that were dug out in hills. Identify them.

1. Viharas
2. Shelters
3. Ashramas
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Viharas

Question 12. What did the term ‘bhikkhus’ mean?

1. Gainer
2. Achiever
3. Beggar
4. Loser

Answer: 3. Beggar

Question 13. Where is the hollowed cave, where monks and nuns lived and meditated?

1. Sanchi
2. Sarnath
3. Gaya
4. Karle

Answer: 4. Karle

Question 14. Read the following statements and choose the Correct option.

• Followers of Mahavira who were known as Jainas, had to lead very simple lives, begging for food.
• Women can independently join the Sangha.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Only 1

Question 15. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

1. Buddha taught in the language of ordinary people.
2. He also encouraged people to think of themselves rather than simply accept what he said.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Question 16. Arrange the pilgrims who visited India in the correct Chronological order.

1. Xuan Zang
2. I-Qing
3. Fa Xian

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 3, 1
3. 3, 2, 1
4. 3, 1, 2

Answer: 4. 3, 1, 2

Question 17. Arrange the following personalities according to their birth in ascending order.

1. Mahavira
2. Buddha
3. Panini

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 3, 1
3. 3, 2, 1
4. 2, 1, 3

Answer: 1. 1, 2, 3

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Match the Following

Question 1.

Codes

• A  B  C  D

1. 2  1  4  3
2. 2  1  3  4
3. 1  2  4  3
4. 2  4  1  3

Answer: 1. 2 1 4 3

Question 2.

Codes

• A   B   C   D

1. 1   4    2   3
2. 4   3    1   2
3. 2   4    3   1
4. 4   1    3    2

Answer: 2.  4   3   1   2

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) There are four stages in the life of a person as per the Ashrama System.

Reason (R) It starts with Brahmacharya and ends with Samnyasa.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) Vaishesika was founded by Konada.

Reason (R) It was a type of six India’s intellectual exploration of truth.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The Buddha belonged to a small gana known as the …….. and was a ……..

Answer: Sakya gana, kshatriya

Question 2. The ……… spoken in Magadha was known as ……….

Answer: Prakrit, Magadhi

Question 3. Many of the ideas of the Upanishads were later developed by the famous thinker…….

Answer: Shankaracharya

Question 4. ……… was the most famous thinker of the Jainas.

Answer: Vardhamana Mahavira

Question 5. Jainas must follow very strictly the rules of ……….

Answer: Ahimsa

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas True/False

Question 1. Jainism was supported mainly by traders.

Answer: True

Question 2. The teachings of Mahavira were written down in the form in which they are presently available at a place called Valabhi, in Gujarat.

Answer: True

Question 3. Both the Mahavira and the Buddha felt that only those who left their homes could gain true knowledge.

Answer: True

Question 4. Slaves couldn’t join the sangha.

Answer: False

Question 5. All men could join the sangha without obtaining permission from anybody.

Answer: False

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Case-Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions. Six Schools of Indian Philosophy

• Over centuries, India’s intellectual exploration of truth has come to be represented by six systems of philosophy. These are known as Vaishesika, Nyaya, Samkhya, Yoga, Purva Mimansa, and Vedanta or Uttara Mimansa.
• These six systems of philosophy are said to have been founded by sages Konada, Gotama, Kapila, Patanjali, Jaimini, and Vyasa, respectively.
• These philosophies still guide scholarly discourse in the country. German-born British iridologist, Friedrich Max MuJ has observed that the six systems of philosophy were developed over many generations Of contributions made by individual thinkers.
• However today, we find an underlying harmony in their understanding of truth, although they seem distinct from each other.

1. Name the school of philosophy that emphasizes Vedic rituals.

1. Vaisheshika
2. Samkhya
3. Nyaya
4. Mimansa

Answer: 4. Mimansa

2. Which of the six schools of Indian philosophy has an atomic conception of the universe?

1. Yoga
2. Purva Mimansa
3. Vaisheshika
4. Uttara Mimansa

Answer: 3. Vaisheshika

3. According to Friedrich Max Muller, how were the six systems of philosophy developed?

1. By a single sage over generations
2. Through contributions by multiple individual thinkers
3. By divine revelations
4. Through archaeological discoveries

Answer: 2. Through contributions by multiple individual thinkers

4. What did Muller observe about the understanding of truth among the six systems of philosophy?

1. They had conflicting views on truth.
2. They had no underlying harmony.
3. They were developed by the same thinker.
4. They had an underlying harmony despite appearing distinct.

Answer: 4. They had an underlying harmony despite appearing distinct.

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• Panini, the Grammarian
• “This was also the time when other scholars were at work. One of the most famous was Panini, who prepared a grammar for Sanskrit.
• He arranged the vowels and the consonants in a special order and then used these to create formulae like those found in Algebra. He used these to write down the rules of the language in short formulae (around 3000 of them!).”

1.  Who was Panini?
Answer:

Panini was a famous scholar who prepared grammar for Sanskrit.

 2.  What significant contribution did he make to Sanskrit?
Answer:

His major contribution was organizing the vowels and consonants in a specific order and, creating concise formulae. He also defined the rules of the language.

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. When Buddha was a young man, he left the comforts of his home in search of knowledge. He wandered for several years. Where did Buddha decide to find his own path to realization?

Answer:

Buddha decided to find his own path to realization at Bodh Gaya in Bihar.

Question 2. Why was the stupa at Sarnath built?

Answer:

The stupa at Sarnath was built to mark the place where the Buddha first taught his message.

Question 3. Who taught that people should be kind and respect others?

Answer:

Gautama Buddha taught that people should be kind and respect others.

Question 4. What is the literal meaning of Upanishad?

Answer:

Upanishad literally means ‘approaching and sitting near the teacher’.

Question 5. Name some famous Upanishadic thinkers.

Answer:

Gargi, Apala, Ghosha, and Maitreyi were some famous Upanishadic thinkers.

Question 6. Who wasSatyakama Jabala?

Answer:

Satyakama Jabala was an Upanishadic thinker, who was named after his mother, the slave woman Jabali.

Question 7. Who was Vardhamana Mahavira?

Answer:

Ardhamana Mahavira was the most famous thinker of the Jainas. He was the founder of the Jaina religion.

Question 8. At what age did Mahavira leave his home?

Answer:

At the age of 30, Mahavira left his home and went to live in a forest for 12 years.

Question 9. To which tribe did the Mahavira belong?

Answer:

Mahavira belonged to the Lichchhavis tribe.

Question 10. How did Buddha connect to everyone in the society?

Answer:

The Buddha used the Prakrit language so that everyone could understand his teachings and he could connect to everyone in the society.

Question 11. Who supported Jainism?

Answer:

Jainism was supported mainly by traders.

Question 12. What was the ‘Karma’ according to the Buddha?

Answer:

According to the Buddha, Karma refers to our good or bad actions.

Question 13. How were the teachings of Mahavira and his followers spread?

Answer:

The Teachings Of Mahavira And His Followers Were Transmitted Orally For several centuries.

Question 14. What was the name of the book in which the rules of the Buddhist sangha were written down?

Answer:

The rules made for the Buddhist sangha were -written down in a book called the Vinaya Pitaka.

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What were the social conditions when Buddha was born?

Answer:

The following were social conditions when Buddha was born

• There was a rapid change in the lives of people. Some kings in the mahajanapadas were growing more powerful. New cities were developing and life was also changing in the villages.
• Many thinkers were busy analyzing the changes in society and also wanted to try and find out the true meaning of life.

Question 2. Who was Gautama Buddha? How did he attain enlightenment?

Answer:

• Gautama Buddha was the founder of Buddhism. He belonged to the Sakya gana and was a Kshatriya.
• When he was a young man, he left the comforts of his home in search of knowledge. He wandered for many years, meeting and holding discussions with other thinkers.
• He finally decided to find his own path to realization. He meditated for many days under a peepal tree at Bodh Gaya in Bihar, where he attained enlightenment. After the enlightenment, he was known as the Buddha or the Wise One.

Question 3 During the time of Buddha, many other thinkers tried to find answers to philosophical questions. Many of their ideas were recorded in Upanishads*. Explain these ideas.

Answer:

• During the time of Buddha, many other thinkers tried to find answers to philosophical questions. Some of them wanted to know about life after death, others wanted to know why sacrifices should be performed.
• Many of the thinkers felt that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. Many of their ideas were recorded in the Upanishads. These ideas were mostly presented through simple dialogues.

Question 4. Explain the concept of Atman and Brahman.

Answer:

• Thinkers believed that there was something permanent in the universe that would last even after death. They described this as the minimum or the individual soul and die Brahman or the universal soul.
• They believed that ultimately, both the atman and the Brahman were one. This unity can he realized through spiritual practices and meditation, leading to liberation (moksha) from the cycle of birth and death.

Question 5. Explain about the new form of Buddhism that emerged after Buddha.

Answer:

A new form of Buddhism, i.e. Mahayana Buddhism emerged after Buddha which had two distinct features. These were

• The statues of Buddha were started to be made. Earlier, the Buddha’s presence was shown in sculpture by using certain signs.
• For example, his attainment of enlightenment was shown by sculptures of the peepal tree. Many ot the statues were made in Mathura, while others were made in Taxila.
• People started to believe in Boddhisattva who were supposed to be the persons who attained enlightenment. Once they attained enlightenment, they could live separately and meditate in peace.

Question 6. Explain briefly the four ashramas.

Answer:

Ashram means a stage or lite. There are tour Ashramas as follows

• Brahmacharya In this stage, brahmins, Kshatriyas, and Vaishyas were expected to lead simple lives and study the Vedas during the early years of their life.
• Grihastha In this stage, they had to marry and live as householders.
• Vanaprastha In this stage, they had to live in the forest and mediate.
• Samnyasa In this stage, they had to give up everything and become samnyasins.

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What were the main teachings of the Buddha?

Answer:

The main teachings of the Buddha were as follows

• He taught that life is full of suffering and unhappiness, which is caused because we have cravings and desires (which often cannot be fulfilled). Sometimes, we are not satisfied even if we get what we want and want even more (or want other things).
• The Buddha described this as thirst or tanha. This constant craving could be removed by following moderation in everything.
• He taught people to be kind and to respect the lives of others, including animals.
• He believed that the results of our actions (called karma), whether good or bad, affect us in both the present life and the next life.

Question 2. What were the main principles of Vardhmana Mahavira?

Answer:

The main principles of Vardhmana Mahavira were as follows

• Men and women who wish to know the truth must leave their homes.
• They should follow the rules of ahimsa, which means not hurting or killing living beings. He believed that everyone’s life is precious.
• They had to lead simple lives, begging for food.
• They had to be absolutely honest, and not steal.
• They had to observe celibacy.
• Men had to give up everything, including their clothes.

Question 3. The rules made for Buddhist sangha, were written down in a book the Vinaya Pitaka’. Explain about sangha, its rules, and who joined it.

Answer:

• Sangha was an association of those who left their homes. The rules made for the Buddhist sangha were written down in a book called the Vinaya Pitaka. These were
• All men could join the sangha. However, children had to take permission from their parents and slaves from their masters. The people who worked for the king had to take his permission and debtors from creditors, while women had to take their husbands’ permission.
• Men and women who joined the sangha had to lead simple lives. They had to meditate for most of the time and went to cities and villages to beg for food during fixed hours. That is why they were known as bhikkhus (the Prakrit word for renouncer) and bhikkhunis.
• Those who joined the sangha included Brahmins, Kshatriyas, merchants, laborers, barbers, courtesans and slaves. Many of them wrote down the teachings of the Buddha. Some of them also composed beautiful poems, describing their life in the sangha.

Question 4. Write short notes on viharas or monasteries. Why were monasteries built?

Answer:

• The permanent shelters built by Buddhist and Jaina monks are known as viharas or monasteries.
• Both Jaina and Buddhist monks went from place to place throughout the year, teaching people. They stayed in one place only during the rainy season, when it was very difficult to travel.
• During this time, their supporters built temporary shelters for them in gardens, or they lived in natural caves in hilly areas.
• Gradually, the need for more permanent shelters was needed and thus, monasteries were built, which were known as viharas.
• The earliest viharas were made of wood, and then of brick. Some of them were made in caves that were dug out in hills, especially in Western India. The land on which the vihara was built was mostly donated by a rich merchant a landowner, or the king.

History Chapter 6 New Questions And Ideas Picture Based Question And Answers

1. Answer the questions based on the picture given below.

Question. Name the monument which is depicted in the picture.
Answer:

The monument in the picture is the Buddhist Stupa at Sarnath.

Question. Why the monument was built?
Answer:

This monument was built to mark the place where the Buddha first taught his message.

Question 2. Answer the questions based on the picture given below.

(1) The cave shown in the picture is located in which state?
Answer:

Karle, present-day Maharashtra.

(2) What was the purpose of these caves?
Answer:

Monks and nuns lived and meditated in these caves or shelters.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. Show the stages in the building of a stupa or a temple.

Answer:

The stages in the building of a stupa or a temple were

• The place was carefully chosen for the new temple or stupa.
• Good quality stone had to be found, quarried, and transported to the chosen place.
• Rough blocks of stone were shaped and carved into pillars, and panels for walls, floors, and ceilings.
• Carved stones were placed precisely in the right position.
• Temples were decorated with the contributions of kings, merchants, and devotees.

Question 2. Do you think that Kalidasa can be described as a lover of nature?

Answer:

Yes, Kalidasa can be described as a lover of nature because, in his famous poem the Meghaduta, he is described as a cloud messenger who carries messages. He used aspects of nature in his work.

Question 3. There are several versions of the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, popular amongst people in different parts of the sub-continent. Find out about a version in your state.

Answer:

In my state, Tulsidasa’s Ramayana and Ved Vyasa’s Mahabharata are’ popular. The version is in Hindi language.

Question 4. The Romans used a system of counting without using zero. Try and find out more about it.

Answer:

Yes, the Romans did not use zero for counting. For example, some of the symbols are-i for one, ii for two, iii for three, v for Five, vii for seven, etc.

Question 5. You are sitting in a mandapa of a temple. Describe the scene around you.

Answer:

While sitting in a mandapa, I can see and feel that the environment is spiritual and everybody looks busy. I can see devotees going to have a look at the deity and others roaming around the temple. I can also hear the sound of bhajans and yagyas being performed by priests.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Exercise

Question 1. Match the following.

Codes

• A  B  C  D  E

1. 2  5  4  1  3
2. 4  1  3  2  5
3. 3  5  4  1  2
4. 1  4  3  2  5

Answer:

Question 2. Fill in the blanks.

(1)  ……. was a great astronomer.

Answer: Aryabhata

(2) Stories about Gods and Goddesses are found in the ……

Answer: epics

(3) ………. is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.

Answer: Valmiki

(4) ………. and are two Tamil epics.

Answer: Silappadikaram, Manimekalai

Question 3. Make a list of the chapters in which you find mention of metal working. What are the metal objects mentioned or shown in those chapters?

Answer:

Following is the list of chapters in which mention of metal work was there and the metal objects were mentioned

• In the Earliest Cities (Chapter : 3) Copper was used to make tools and weapons while gold and silver were used to make ornaments.
• What Books and Burials Tell Us (Chapter: 4) Iron tools and weapons
• Kingdoms, Kings, and an Early Republic (Chapter: 5) Iron ore mines
• Villages, Towns and Trade (Chapter: 8) Iron tools
•  Buildings, Paintings and Books (Chapter: 10) Iron pillar, gold jewelry

Question 6. List some steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently-abled people.

Answer:

The steps that are to be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently-abled people are

• Construction of a ramp.
• Railing can be placed on the side walls of the staircase.
• The steps can be renovated so that people may not fall on the slippery ground.
• Slope-way should be made for the use of wheelchairs.
• Separate entry with sufficient light should be made for them.

Question 7. Try and list as many uses of paper as you can.

Answer:

Paper can be used for the following

• Making notebooks on which we write
• Making books
• Making newspapers
• Packing materials
• Making postcards, envelopes, postal stamps, revenue stamps
• Making artificial flowers for decorative purposes
• Making games items like kite

Question 8. If you could visit any one of the places described in this chapter, which would you choose and why?

Answer:

If I could get an opportunity to visit any one of these places, I would plan to go to Mahabalipuram.

The main reasons are

• Each of the monolithic temples was carved out of huge, single stone and skilfully sculpted.
• Both monolithic and structural temples are built in the same complex.
• Most of the temples are intact. They have not been destroyed by the passing of the years.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. Where was the image of the chief deity placed?

1. Bhitargaon
2. Garbhagriha
3. Shikhara
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Garbhagriha

Question 2. Choose the correct statement about Monolithic temples.

1. It was found at Bhitargaon, Uttar Pradesh.
2. They were carved from joining many small pieces of rocks.
3. Brick structures are built up by adding layers of bricks.
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Brick structures are built up by adding layers of bricks.

Question 3. Who among the following persons composed Silappadikaram?

1. Banbhatta
2. Kalidasa
3. Ilango
4. None of the above

Answer: 3. Ilango

Question 4. The Tamil epic, the Manimekalal was composed by

1. Surdasa
2. Kalidasa
3. Madhavi
4. Sattanar

Answer: 4. Sattanar

Question 5. Which of the following is incorrect about the earlier books?

1. Epics are grand, long compositions about heroic men and women.
2. Silappadikaram was written by a Pandya Icing named llango.
3. Manimckalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago.
4. Kalidasa wrote in Sanskrit.

Answer: 2. Silappadikaram was written by a Pandya Icing named Llango.

Question 6. Which of the following is true about paintings?

1. Ajanta caves had the evidence of paintings.
2. In these cases, nobody lived.
3. The caves were lighted from the Sun’s rays.
4. No colors were used to paint in these caves.

Answer: 1. Ajanta caves had the evidence of paintings.

Question 7. What is the literal meaning of the word ‘Purana’?

1. Very old
2. Book
3. Path
4. Time

Answer: 1. Very old

Question 8. Name the famous Sanskrit epic.

1. lingo
2. Ramayana
3. Silappadikaram
4. Manimckalai

Answer: 2. Ramayana

Question 9. Which among the following was the capital of Kosala?

1. Ayodliya
2. Kashi
3. Hastinapur
4. Magadha

Answer: 1. Ayodliya

Question 10. Zero is a special symbol which was invented by

1. India
2. Arabs
3. Japan
4. Europe

Answer: 1. India

Question 11. In which state of India is the Sanchi Stupa located?

1. Bihar
2. Arunachal Pradesh
3. Uttar Pradesh
4. Madhya Pradesh

Answer: 4. Madhya Pradesh

Question 12. Which of the following is incorrect about the Sanchi Stupa?

1. The Great Stupa at Sanchi is in Madhya Pradesh.
2. The brick mound probably dates to the Ashoka period.
3. The railings and gateways were added during the time of later rulers.
4. None of the. above

Answer: 4. None of the. above

Question 13. Iron Pillar is located in which of the following cities?

1. New Delhi
2. Sarnath
3. Ajmer
4. Bulandshahar

Answer: 1. New Delhi

Question 14. What is the height of the iron pillar located in Delhi?

1. 8.2 m
2. 9.2 m
3. 7.2 m
4. 12 m

Answer: 3. 7.2 m

Question 15. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. The Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age, but their successors belonged to the Iron Age.
2. The iron pillar at Delhi is made around 3000 years ago.
3. The word ‘Stupas’ means a mound.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 1 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 3

Question 16. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. The brick mound of Sanchi stupa dates to the time of Chandragupta Maurya.
2. The most important part of the temple was called garbhagriha.
3. Shikharas was the hall where people could assemble.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. Both 1 and 3
4. 1, 2 and 3

Answer: 2. Both 1 and 2

Question 17. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct codes given below.

1. Farming at Mehrgarh
2. Rule of Ashoka
3. Composition of Rigveda
4. Chandragupta became the king.

Codes

1. 2, 4, 1, 3
2. 4, 2, 3, 2
3. 2, 3, 4, 2
4. 2, 4, 3, 1

Answer: 1. 2, 4, 1, 3

Question 18. Arrange the following in chronological order and choose the correct codes given below.

1. Rule of Harshavardhana
2. Composition of Jaina texts
3. Composition of Sangam texts
4. The rule of Pulakeshin II

Codes

1. 3, 2, 1, 4
2. 4, 2, 1, 3
3. 3, 4, 1, 2
4. 2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: 3. 3, 4, 1, 2

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Match the Following

Question:

Codes

• A  B  C  D

1. 3  2  1  4
2. 4  1  3  2
3. 4  2 1  3
4. 1  2 3  4

Answer: 1. 3 2 1 4

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) Temples found at Mahabalipuram are known as Monolithic temples.

Reason (R) The temples were carved out of huge, single pieces of stone.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1.  Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) The Puranas were written in simple Prakrit.

Reason (R) It was meant to be heard by everybody, including the women and shudras.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 4.  A is false, but R is true

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The king of the ……… worked out a plan to save his followers.

Answer: monkeys

Question 2. ……… describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi.

Answer: Manimekalai

Question 3. Stories from the ……… were often shown on the railings of stupas and in paintings at Ajanta.

Answer: Jatakas

Question 4. ……… were written in simple Sanskrit verse, and were meant to be heard by everybody.

Answer: The Puranas

Question 5. Harappans had knowledge of ……… metallurgy.

Answer: Copper

Question 6. The Tamil epic ………. was composed by Sattanar.

Answer: Manimekalai

Question 7. Aryabhata wrote a book in Sanskrit known as The…….

Answer: Aryabhatiyam

True/ False

Question 1. The Mahabharata is included in the Bhagavad Gita.

Answer: False

Question 2. Aryabhata found a way of calculating the circumference of a circle.

Answer:  True

Question 3. Two famous practitioners of Ayurveda were Charaka and Sushruta.

Answer: True

Question 4. Silappadikaram is the story of Chandra, the Gupta king.

Answer: False

Question 5. The Mahabharata war was to gain control over Hastinapur.

Answer: True

Question 6. Varahamihira, Brahmagupta, and Bhaskaracharya were kings who built many temples.

Answer: False

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Look at this picture and choose the incorrect statement from the options given.

1. This iron pillar is at Mehrauli, Delhi.
2. It is 7.2 m high and weighs over 3 tonnes.
3. It was made about 1500 years ago.
4. The inscription on the pillar mentioned Ashoka.

Answer: 4. The inscription on the pillar mentioned Ashoka,

Question 2. The sculpture you see in the image was found at which place?

1. Amaravati
2. Delhi
3. Madhya Pradesh
4. Aihole

Answer: 1. Amaravati

Question 3. Answer the questions based on the picture given below

(1) Which structure is shown in the image?
Answer:

The great Stupa of Sanchi is shown in the image.

(2) Where is the structure shown in the picture located?
Answer:

The structure is located at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh.

(3) When was the brick mound of this structure probably built?
Answer:

The brick mound was probably built at the time of Ashoka.

(4) Which parts of the statue were added during the time of later rulers?
Answer:

The railings and gateways were added during the time of later rulers.

Question 4. Answer the questions based on the picture given below

(1) When was the early temple shown in the picture built?
Answer:

The temple shown in the picture was built about 1500 years ago.

(2) Where is it located?
Answer:

It is located at Bhitargaon, Uttar Pradesh.

(3) What was it made of?
Answer:

It was made of brick and stone.

Question 5. Answer the questions based on the picture given below

1. Where are the monolithic temples shown in the picture located?

Answer: The monolithic temples shown in the picture are located in Mahabalipuram.

2. Why are they called monoliths?

Answer: They are called monoliths because each of these was carved out of a huge single piece of stone.

3. What was the difference in the work of stone cutters?

Answer: The stone cutters had to work from top to bottom.

Question 6. Answer the questions based on the picture given below

(1) Where is the Jaina monastery shown in the picture situated?
Answer:

The Jaina monastery in the picture is situated in Odisha.

(2) What were the rooms of the building used for?
Answer:

Jaina monks lived and meditated in these rooms.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Case Based Question

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “The Mahabharata is about a war fought between the Kauravas and Pandavas, who were cousins. This was a war to gain control of the throne of the ‘ Kurus, and their capital, Hastinapur.
• The story itself was an old one but was written down in the form in which we know it today, about 1500 years ago. Both the Puranas and the Mahabharata are supposed to have been compiled by Vyasa.
• The Bhagavad Gita, about which you learned in Chapter 8, was also included in the Mahabharata. The Ramayana is about Rama, a prince of Kosala, who was sent into exile. His wife Sita was abducted by the king of Lanka, Ravana, and Rama had to fight a battle to get her back.
• He won and returned to Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala, after his victory. Like the Mahabharata, this was an old story that was now written down. Valmiki is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.”

Question 1. Who were the mam pames described in the Mahabharata?

1. Kauravas and Pandavas
2. Ramayana and Mahabharata
3. Rama and Ravana
4. Vyasa and Valmiki

Answer: 1.  Kauravas and Pandavas

Question 2. Who compiled both the Puranas and the Mahabharata?

1. Rama
2. Vyasa
3. Valmiki
4. Ravana

Answer: 2. Vyasa

Question 3. Which epic includes the story of Rama and his battle to rescue Sita?

1. Ramayana
2. Bhagavad Gita
3. Mahabharata
4. Puranas

Answer: 1. Mahabharata

Question 4. Who is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana?

1. Vyasa
2. Ravana
3. Valmiki
4. Kauravas

Answer: 3. Valmiki

 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• A verse from the Meghaduta
• Here is a verse from Kalidasa’s best-known poem, the Meghaduta, in which a monsoon cloud is imagined to be a messenger between lovers who are separated from one another. See how the poet describes the breeze that will carry the cloud Northwards.
• “A cool breeze, delightful as it is touched With the fragrance of the Earth Swollen by your showers,
• Inhaled deeply by elephants, and causing the wild figs to ripen, Will blow gently as you go.”

Question 1. Do you think Kalidasa can be described as a lover of nature?
Answer:

Yes, I think Kalidasa can be described as a lover of nature as he described a situation of separation of two lovers very beautifully through an imagination of monsoon clouds, Earth, showers, etc.

Question 2. How does Kalidasa describe the breeze in the Meghaduta that will carry the monsoon cloud Northwards?
Answer:

Kalidasa describes the breeze in the Meghaduta as a cool breeze. It feels delightful when it is touched. It has the fragrance of the Earth when inhaled deeply.

It causes the wild figs to ripen, and blow gently.

3. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• The story of the monkey king
• Once upon a time, there was a great monkey king, who lived on the banks of the Ganga in the Himalayas, with 80,000 followers. They fed on the fruit of a special mango tree, which was very sweet. Such exquisite mangoes did not grow on the plains.
• One day, a ripe mango fell into the river and floated all the way to Varanasi. There the king of the city who was bathing in the river found it and was amazed when he tasted it.

Question 1. Can you identify which part of the story is shown in the sculpture?
Answer:

In the sculpture, it was shown that the monkeys were feasting on mangoes.

Question 2. Why do you think these were chosen?
Answer:

This story was chosen because it teaches the lesson of generosity. It shows how Monkeyking’s selfless act to save his followers led the human king to realize the value of life.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Write the architectural feature of the iron pillar. Diksha
Answer:

The architectural features of the iron pillar include that it is 17.2 high and weighs over 3 tonnes.

Question 2. What do you mean by the word stupa?
Answer:

The word stupa means a mound. It is a Buddhist religious building.

Question 3. When was the Manimekalai composed?
Answer:

The Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago.

Question 4. Which deities were mentioned in the stories of Puranas?
Answer:

Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Durga were mentioned in the stories of Puranas.

Question 5. Stories of ordinary people are preserved in which collection?
Answer:

The stories of ordinary people are preserved in the Jatakas and the Panchatantra.

Question 6. What is the theory of the Aryabhata?
Answer:

Aryabhata gave the theory that the Earth revolves around the Sun. parties involved in the war

Question 7. What is the garbhagriha?
Answer:

Garbhagriha was the special place or room where the deities were placed.

Question 8. What was the shikhara?
Answer:

Shikhara was a tower built on the top of the garbhagriha to mark it as a sacred place.

Question 9. What was mandapa?
Answer:

Mandapa was a hall where people could assemble. It was built in most of the temples.

Question 10. How do Ajanta paintings survive?
Answer:

The Ajanta paintings survived because the colors used in them Ajanta paintings were made of plants and minerals, which is why they are vivid even after 1500 years.

Question 11. What do you mean by epics?
Answer:

Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women, and also include stories about Gods.

Question 12. When was the iron pillar made?
Answer:

Iron pillar was made about 1500 years ago.

Question 13. The iron pillar at Mehrauli belonged to which dynasty?
Answer:

The iron pillar at Mehrauli, Delhi belonged to the Gupta dynasty.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Discuss the small box placed at the center of the stupa.

Answer:

• The small box placed at the center of the stupa contained bodily remains such as teeth, bones, or ashes of the Buddha or his followers, or things they used, as well as precious stones and coins.
• This box is known as a relic casket. It was covered with soil. Later, a layer of mud brick was added on the top and then, the dome-like structure was sometimes covered with carved stone slabs.

Question 2. What do you understand by the ‘pradakshina patha’? Discuss its features.
Answer:

• The pradakshina path is a path that was laid around the stupa. It was surrounded by railings and there was the entrance to the path through gateways.
• The devotees walked around the stupa in a clockwise direction, as a mark of devotion. Both railings and gateways were decorated with sculptures.

Question 3.‘A number of Hindu religious stories that were in circulation earlier were written down around the same time including Puranas’. What do you mean by Puranas? Explain

Answer:

• The Puranas literally means old. The Puranas contain earlier Hindu religious stories about Gods and Goddesses, such as Vishnu, Shiva, Durga, or Parvati. Besides, there are accounts about the creation of the world and about kings.
• The Puranas were written in simple Sanskrit verses and were meant to be heard by everyone, including women and Shudras, who were not allowed to study the Vedas. The Puranas were recited in temples by priests and people came to listen to them.

Question 4. Discuss the two Sanskrit epics of India.

Answer:

The two Sanskrit epics of India are the

Mahabharata and the Ramayana. They are discussed below

• The Mahabharata is about the war fought between the Kauravas and Pandavas, who were cousins. This war was all about gaining control over Hastinapur. The Mahabharata has been compiled by Vyasa. The Bhagavad Gita is a part of the Mahabharata.
• The Ramayana is about Rama who had to fight with King Ravana of Lanka to get her wife Sita back from him.
• He won and returned to Ayodhya, the capital city of Kosala, after his victory. Valmiki is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.

Question 5. What constituted the facts of science brought by Aryabhata?

Answer:

Aryabhata described the facts of science in his book ‘Aryabhatiyam’ which include

• He claimed that day and night were caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis, even though it seems as if the Sun is rising and setting every day.
• He developed a scientific explanation for eclipses as well.
• He also found a way of calculating the circumference of a circle, which is nearly as accurate as the formula used today.

Question 6. What is the historical significance of Ajanta caves? Explain.

Answer:

• The historical significance of the Ajanta caves lies in the remarkable artwork found within the caves. These caves ‘ carved into hills served as centers for meditation, study, and religious practice.
• Some caves were decorated with beautiful paintings made from plants and minerals that still look bright even after 1500 years.
• They were hidden for a very long time but were found again about a hundred years ago. These paintings tell us about ancient times, how people lived, and what they believed in.

Question 7. What methods were used to create paintings at Ajanta?

Answer:

The following methods were used to create paintings of Ajanta

• The caves were dark inside, so the paintings were done in the light of torches.
• The colors were made of plants and minerals, which are bright even after 1500 years,
• The artists who created works of art remain unknown.

Question 8. Discuss the story of the Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram.

Answer:

• The famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram was composed by Ilango around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and fell in love with a courtesan named Madhavi, neglecting his wife Kannagi.
• Later, Kovalan and Kannagi left Puhar and went to Madurai, where he was wrongly accused of theft by the court jeweler of the Pandya king. The king sentenced Kovalan to death. Kannagi was full of grief and anger at this injustice and destroyed the entire city of Madurai.

Question 9. Explain about the metallurgy used since ancient times.

Answer:

• Metallurgy means the scientific study of metals and their uses. Ancient Indian metallurgists made major contributions to the metallurgical history of the world.
• According to archaeological excavations, the Harappans were great craftsmen and had knowledge of copper metallurgy. They also manufactured bronze by mixing copper and tin. The Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age, while their successors belonged to the Iron Age.

History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Discuss the common features a stupa has.

Answer:

The common features a stupa has are

• Relic Casket It is a small box generally placed at the center of the stupa. This may contain bodily remains (such as teeth, bone, or ashes) of the Buddha or his followers, or things they used, as well as precious stones and coins. This box was covered with soil. Later, a layer of mud brick or baked brick was added to the top. The dome-like structure was then covered sometimes with carved stone slabs.
• Pradakshina Patlia It is a path that was laid around the stupa. It was surrounded by railings and there was the entrance to the path through gateways. The devotees walked around the stupa in a clockwise direction, as a mark of devotion. The stupa’s railings and gateways were decorated mostly with sculpture.

Question 2. Discuss the salient features of the earliest Hindu temples.

Answer:

The earliest Hindu temples were built 2000-1500 years ago. Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Durga were worshipped in these temples.

The salient features of the earliest Hindu temples are as follows

• Garbhagriha It was the room where the image of the main deity was placed. The priests performed the religious rituals at the garbhagriha, and devotees offered worship to the deity.
• Shikhara It was a tower, mostly built on top of the garbhagriha to mark it as a sacred place. Building shikhara required careful planning. For example, shikhara on the temples at Bhitargaon.
• Mandapa It was a hall where people could assemble.

Question 3.‘There were several stages in building a stupa or a temple. Usually, kings or queens decided to build these as it was an expensive affair. Explain how were stupas and temples built.

Answer:

The stupas and temples were built through the following stages

• Good quality stone was to be found, quarried, and transported to the place that was carefully chosen for the new buildings,
• The rough blocks of stones were shaped and carved into pillars, and panels for walls, floors, and ceilings.
• They were often placed exactly in the right position.
• Kings and queens probably spent money from their wealth to pay the craftspersons, who worked to build the structures.
• Merchants, farmers, garland makers, perfumers, smiths, and many men and women also paid for decorations and their names were recognized on pillars, railings, and walls.

Question 4. What role do paintings and books play in traditional architecture and cultural expression?

Answer:

• Paintings and books play significant roles in traditional Indian architecture and cultural expression. In Indian architecture, complex and beautiful paintings often decorate the interior and exterior of temples, places, and forests.
• These paintings depict religious narratives, and mythological stories and add a spiritual dimension to the structures.
• Books, particularly manuscripts, have been very important in preserving India’s rich literacy and cultural heritage. Manuscripts like Ramayana and Mahabharata contained detailed artwork, offering insights into ancient art and storytelling.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade

NCERT Question And Answer

Question 1. Look at the chart, you will find that some of the stages in the construction of irrigation works are mentioned.

Fill in the rest by using the following phrases

1. Labour is provided by the people
2. Farmers also benefit because crop production is more certain.
3. Farmers have to increase production to pay taxes.
4. Kings provide money and plan irrigation works.

Answer:

Question 2. Make a list of the occupations of people who lived in Mathura. List one occupation that was not practised in Harappan cities.

Answer:

The occupation of people who lived in Mathura is listed below

1. Some people were blacksmiths
2. Some people were goldsmiths
3. Some people were basket makers
4. Some people were weavers
5. Some people were garland makers

Answer:

The occupation, of garland making was not practiced in Harappan cities.

Question 3. Make a list of all the women who could be employed by the superintendent.

Answer:

Widows, young women who are differently abled, nuns, mothers of courtesans, servants of the king and women who have retired from service in temples could be employed by the superintendent.

Question 4. Do you think women would have faced any problems while working?

Answer:

Women might have had a hard time working under Arthashastra’s rules. They might not have been paid fairly or had trouble managing their home duties while working. Also, the fear of being fined or punished for not finishing the work could have made them feel scared.

Question 5. List the evidence that indicates that there was contact with Rome.

Answer:

At Arikamedu discoveries like Mediterranean amphorae for wine and oil transport, stamped Arretine Ware, Roman-style pottery, artefacts like lamps and glassware, and the Roman style of dyeing vats and bead-making, indicate that there was contact with Rome.

Question 6. Can you think of how and why these (Roman gold coins) reached India?

Answer:

Roman gold coins found in South India would have reached India through trade routes or travellers who brought them to these rich lands in search of goods or trade.

Roman traders sailed across the ocean and travelled in caravans, carrying treasures such as gold, spices (especially pepper) and gems from South India.

Question 7. Make a list of all the things that are mentioned. What would they be used for?

Answer:

List of all things that are mentioned and their uses are

• Horses It is used for transportation, riding, and perhaps for military use or prestige.
• Black pepper It is used as a prized spice in cooking, and for flavouring food.
• Gems and gold, pearls These are used for trade, adornment, or making jewellery.
• Sandalwood is used for making perfumes.
• Field of the Ganga and Crops from the Kaveri These are food items for consumption.

Question 8. Why do you think he (Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni) wanted to control the coasts?

Answer:

Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni wanted to control the coasts to regulate trade, collect taxes from merchants, and possibly ensure the safety of trade routes. This would expand his kingdom’s economic and political reach into different regions.

Question 9. You live in Barygaza and are visiting the port. Describe what you would see there.

Answer:

• While visiting the port, I see skilled fishermen guiding ships through a narrow gulf. Big boats bring things like wine, metal, cloth and shiny coins.
• Other goods, like plants, ivory, pretty stones, and perfumes, leave from here to far places. Sometimes, merchants bring special gifts for the king—shiny stuff, singers, pretty ladies, yummy and nice clothes.
• The port is like a busy town square where things from different lands come and go, making it lively and exciting to watch all the trade happening.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Exercises

Question 1. Fill in the blanks.

……. was a word used for large landowners in Tamil.

Answer:  Vellalar

The grama bhojaka often got his land cultivated by the ……..

Answer:  slaves and hired workers

Ploughmen were known as …….. in Tamil.

Answer: uzhavar

Most chapatis were …….. landowners.

Answer: Smaller

Question 2. Describe the functions of the grama bhojaka. Why do you think he was powerful?

Answer:

The functions of the grama bhojaka were

• He had slaves and also hired workers to cultivate the land.
• The king often used him to collect taxes from the village.
• He solved the problems of villagers.
• He also functioned as a judge, and sometimes as a policeman.
• He was powerful because he was a hereditary village headman. He was also the largest landowner.

Question 3. List the craftspersons who would have been present in both villages and cities.

Answer:

Blacksmiths, potters, carpenters, weavers, masons, basket makers, garland makers and cobblers would have been present in both villages and cities.

Question 4. Choose the correct answer.

1. Punch-marked coins were made of

1. Silver
2. gold
3. tin
4. Ivory

Answer: 1. silver

2. Mathura was an important

1. village
2. port
3. religious centre
4. forested area

Answer: 3. religious centre

3. Shrenis were associations of

1. rulers
2. craftspersons
3. farmers
4. herders

Answer: 2. craftspersons

Question 5. What kinds of evidence do historians use to find out about trade and trade routes?

Answer:

Evidence used by historians to find out about trade and trade routes are as follows

• Discovery of Archaeological Objects Pottery, such as bowls, plates, amphorae, and stamped red-glazed pottery, found at various sites, provide direct evidence of trade.
• These items often have designs indicating the culture they belong to. Coins of other countries also indicate trade.
• Structures and Buildings The identification of structures like a massive brick warehouse at Arikamedu suggests the presence of trade hubs and storage facilities, indicating the volume of goods exchanged and stored.

Question 6. Which of the iron tools shown on page 73 (NCERT Textbook) would have been important for agriculture? What would the other tools have been used for?

Answer:

• The sickles would have been important for agriculture. The sickles would have been used to harvest crops of wheat and barley. With their curved blades, farmers could efficiently cut matured grains close to the ground.
• Other tools like the axe would have been used for clearing forests, chopping firewood for cooking and heating, and tongs were also used for removing thorns and any other extra growth.

Question 7. Compare the drainage system in your locality with that of the cities mentioned in the lesson. What similarities and differences do you notice?

Answer:

In our locality, the drainage system includes pipes and drains.

• Similarities the use of underground pipes or channels to manage wastewater and rainwater, ensuring a systematic disposal system.
• Different drainage systems in my city often use more advanced technologies as compared to the ancient system mentioned in the chapter.
• Cities have sewage treatment plants and larger networks covering large areas. Ancient cities relied on simpler systems, often limited to specific areas or streets. Additionally, modern cities have regulations and maintenance rules which might not have been there in ancient times.

Question 8. If you have seen craftspersons at work, describe in a short paragraph what they do. (Hint: How do they get the raw materials, what kind of equipment do they use, how do they work, and what happens to the finished product).

Answer:

• I have seen a carpenter at work. They start by picking good wood for their project. Then, using tools like saws and chisels, they cut and shaped the wood.
• They put the pieces together, making sure everything fits just right. The carpenter works carefully, making the wood smooth and nice. Finally, the finished product is polished and then sold in the market.

Question 9. List the functions performed by men and women who live in your city or village. In what ways are these similar to those performed by people who lived in Mathura? In what ways are they different?

Answer:

• In the city I live in, I see men and women working to feed their families. Most men work in offices, schools, colleges and other establishments. Women also work in offices these days. In the village, people work as goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers garland makers, etc.
• Similarities The people in Mathura worked as goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, pU makers, and perfumers. In present times, people entities are goldsmiths and others are present in the villages.
• Differences In present times, we can find people who work in offices, schools, colleges, etc. But they were not present in those days.

Question 10. List five things that you buy from the market.  Which of these are made in the city/village in which you live, and which are brought by traders from other areas?

Answer:

The list of five things we buy from the market are

• Books These are made in cities.
• Notebooks These are made in cities.
• Food grains These are grown in villages. These are brought by traders from villages.
• Vegetables These are grown in villages. These are brought by traders to cities from where they grew.
• Garments These are made in cities.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. When did the use of iron begin in the sub-continent?

1. Around 3000 years ago
2. Around 2300 years ago
3. Around 2500 years ago
4. Around 3500 years ago

Answer: 1. Around 3000 years ago

Question 2. The palaces of early cities (2500 years ago) did not survive because they were made of

1. wood
2. iron
3. mud brick
4. Both (1) and (3)

Answer: 4. Both (1) and (3)

Question 3. Which of the following methods increased agriculture production in ancient India?

1. Transplantation
2. Ploughshares
3. Irrigation
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 4. What was the feature of the earliest coins among the following?

1. They were hallmarked
2. They were punch-marked
3. They had holes
4. They were made of gold

Answer: 2. They were punch-marked

Question 5. Which of the following cities became the second capital of the Kushanas?

1. Mathura
2. Kashi
3. Magadha
4. Pataliputra

Answer: 1. Mathura

Question 6. Which kinds of inscriptions have been found in Mathura?

1. Stone slabs and statues
2. Mud bricks
3. Palaces inscriptions
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Stone slabs and statues

Question 7. Sangam literature is written in which language? 

1. Persian
2. Tamil
3. Sanskrit
4. Urdu

Answer: 2. Tamil

Question 8. The extremely fine pottery found in Indian sub-continent was

1. Northern Grey Polished Ware
2. Northern White Polished Ware
3. Northern Red Polished Ware
4. Northern Black Polished Ware

Answer: 4. Northern Black Polished Ware

Question 9. South India was famous for

1. gold
2. pepper
3. precious stones
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 10. Roman Empire found Black Gold in

1. Central India
2. North India
3. South India
4. East India

Answer: 3. South India

Question 11. The Southern half of the sub-continent is marked by

1. hills
2. plateau
3. river valleys
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 12. When was the Sangam literature composed?

1. Around 2500 years ago
2. Around 3000 years ago
3. Around 2000 years ago
4. Around 2300 years ago

Answer: 4. Around 2300 years ago

Question 13. How many centres of power did the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas have?

1. One
2. Two
3. Three
4. four

Answer: 2. Two

Question 14. Dakshinapatha literally refers to the route leading to

1. North
2. South
3. East
4. West

Answer: 2. South

Question 15. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

1. Irrigation works that were built around 3000-2500 years ago included canals, wells, tanks and artificial lakes.
2. Landless labourers, including slaves, were known as kadaisiyar and adimai.
3. Ordinary ploughmen were known as uzhavar.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. 2 and 3

Answer: 3. 1, 2 and 3

Question 16. Read the following statements and choose the incorrect option about grama bhojaka.

1. In the Southern part of the country, the village headman was known as the grama bhojaka.
2. The post of grama bhojaka was hereditary.
3. He also functioned as a judge and sometimes as a policeman.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. Only 3

Answer: 1. Only 1

Question 17. Arrange the following in the correct chronological order.

1. Composition of Sangam literature.
2. Use of iron in the sub-continent.
3. Mathura became the second capital of Kushanas.
4. Evidence of iron tools.

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 3, 2, 4
3. 4, 3, 2, 1
4. 2, 4, 1, 3

Answer: 4. 2, 4, 1, 3

Question 18. Arrange the following in decreasing order of their land holding.

1. Grihapatis
2. Karmakara
3. Grama Bhojaka

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 1, 3
3. 3, 2, 1
4. 2, 3, 1

Answer: 3. 3, 2, 1

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Match The Following

Question 1.

• A  B  C  D

1. 3  2  4   1
2. 4  2  1   3
3. 1  2  4   3
4. 3  2  1   4

Answer: 1. 3 2 4 1

Question 2.

Codes

• A  B  C  D

1. 2  4   1   3
2. 4  2   1   3
3. 2  1   3   4
4. 4  1   3   2

Answer: 2. 4 2 1 3

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Assertion Reason

1. Assertion (A) Sangam literature was composed around 2300 years ago.

Reason (R) They were named Sangam because these texts were composed and compiled in assemblies.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas were powerful kingdoms.

Reason (R) These Chola, Chera and Pandya chiefs collected regular taxes, and even demanded and received gifts from the people.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The largest collections of ……. and weapons were found in the …….. burials.

Answer: iron tools, megalithic

Question 2. Uzhavar were ordinary …….

Answer: ploughmen

Question 3. …….. was an important ancient centre of textiles.

Answer: Varanasi

Question 4.  …….. become powerful in Western India.

Answer:  Satavahanas

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade True/False

Question 1. Central India was famous for gold and spices.

Answer: False

Question 2. Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni was one of the Satavahana rulers.

Answer: True

Question 3. The kings and kingdoms could not have existed without the support of flourishing villages.

Answer: False

Question 4. Mathura’s inscription mentions goldsmiths and weavers.

Answer: True

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Choose the right name for each of these pictures which are marked as (1), (2) and (3).

1. 1-sickle, 2- tongs, 3-axe
2. 1-tongs, 2-sickle, 3-axe
3. 1-axe, 2-tongs, 3-sickle
4. 1-tongs, 2-axes, 3- sickle

Answer: 1.  1-sickle, 2- tongs, 3-axe

Question 2. Which of the following was not the shape of the punch-marked coins which you see in the pictures below?

1. Rectangular
2. Square
3. Hexagonal
4. Round

Answer: 3. Hexagonal

Question 3. Answer the question based on the picture given below.

(1) What is written on rocks shown in one image?

Answer: Tamil-Brahmi inscription is written on rocks shown in the image.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Case-Based Question And Answers

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “Amongst the river valleys, that of the Kaveri is the most fertile. Chiefs and kings who controlled the river valleys and the coasts became rich and powerful. Sangam poems mention the lavender. This is a Tamil word meaning three chiefs, used for the heads of three ruling families, the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas, who became powerful in South India around 2300 years ago.
• Each of the three chiefs had two centres of power: one inland, and one on the coast. Of these six cities, two were very important: Puhar or Kaveripattinam, the port of the Cholas, and Madurai, the capital of the Pandyas. The chiefs did not collect regular taxes.
• Instead, they demanded and received gifts from the people. They also went on military expeditions and collected tributes from neighbouring areas. They kept some of the wealth and distributed the rest amongst their supporters, including members of their family, soldiers and poets.”

Question 1. Why did the Sangam poets write poems in praise of the king?

1. They wanted rewards like gold, horses and precious stones
2. They wanted political power
3. They wanted control of the Silk route
4. They wanted to collect regular taxes

Answer: 1. They wanted rewards like gold, horse and precious stones

Question 2. What were the two significant cities among the six centres of power for the lavender?

1. Puhar and Kaveripattinam
2. Madurai and Kaveripattinam
3. Madurai and Puhar
4. Cholas and Pandyas

Answer: 2. Madurai and Kaveripattinam,

Question 3. How did the chiefs acquire wealth according to the passage?

1. Regular taxes are imposed on the people.
2. Grants by temples.
3. Military expeditions and tribute from neighbouring areas.
4. Distribution from the government treasury.

Answer: 3. Military expeditions and tribute from neighbouring areas,

Question 4. Which empire ruled after Chola, Chera and Pandyas?

1. Satavahana
2. Mauryan
3. Kushana
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Satavahana

2. Other Means of Exchange

Read this short poem from the Sangam collection As they carry the white paddy of their land To exchange it for the salt of another,

• Crossing the long roads in carts,
• Through sands white as moonlight,
• Taking whole families,
• Who hates to be left behind,
• The departure of the salt merchants Leaves the city empty.
• Salt was produced plentifully along the sea coast.

Question 1. What are the merchants planning to exchange it with?

Answer:

The merchants are planning to exchange the white paddy for salt.

Question 2. How are they travelling?

Answer:

They are travelling in carts, with their whole family.

2. The Story of Barygaza (The Greek name for Bharuch)

• The gulf is very narrow at Barygaza, and very hard to navigate for those coming from the sea. Ships had to be steered in by skilful and experienced local fishermen who were employed by the king.
• The imports into Barygaza were wine, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, cloth, gold and silver coins. Exports from the town included plants from the Himalayas, ivory, agate, carnelian, cotton, silk and perfumes.
• Special gifts were brought by merchants for the king. These included vessels of silver, singing boys, beautiful women, fine wines and fine cloth.

Question 1. Make a list of all the things imported and exported from Barygaza. Underline at least two things that were not in use during Harappan times.

Answer:

The imports from Barygaza were wine, copper, tin, lead, coral, topaz, cloth, gold, and silver coins. The exports from Barygaza were plants from the Himalayas, ivory, agate, carnelian, cotton, silk, and perfumes.

The two things that were not in use during Harappan times are

• gold and silver coins
• plants from the Himalayas
• Why do you think merchants brought gifts for the king?

Answer:

Merchants brought gifts for the king to establish good relations and gain favour. Giving presents, like silver vessels, singers, beautiful women, fine wines and cloth, was a way to show respect, create friendships, and possibly secure better trade deals to conduct business within the kingdom.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What were the irrigation works built around 2500 years ago?
Answer:

The irrigation works that were built around 2500 years ago were canals, wells, tanks and artificial lakes.

Question 2. Who was grama bhojaka?
Answer:

Grama bhojaka was the Village Headman in the Northern part of the country.

Question 3. What do you mean by data karmakara? Diksha
Answer:

Dasa karmakaras were the people who did not have their own land and worked in another field for their livelihoods.

Question 4. What do you mean by Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions?
Answer:

Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions are several pieces of pottery that have inscriptions in the early Brahmi script, which was used to write Tamil.

Question 5. Why were Varanasi and Madurai famous?
Answer:

Varanasi and Madurai were famous for manufacturing of cloth.

Question 6. What do you understand by Arikamedu?
Answer:

Arikamedu was a coastal settlement where ships unloaded goods from distant lands.

Question 7. How was Arretine Ware made?
Answer:

The Arretine Ware was made by pressing wet clay into a stamped mould. It was red-glazed pottery.

Question 8. How did traders carry goods to Rome?
Answer:

The traders carried goods in ships across the sea and by land in caravans.

Question 9. How is it evident that South India had trade relations with Rome?
Answer:

Roman gold coins have been found in South India which proves that South India had trade relations with Rome.

Question 10. Which river valley is most fertile in South India?
Answer:

The most fertile river valley in South India is the Kaveri River.

Question 11. What does the word ‘lavender’ describe?
Answer:

The word ‘lavender’ is used for the heads of three chiefs- the Cholas, Cheras and Pandyas.

Question 12. What do you mean by traders?
Answer:

The people who carry different kinds of things from one place to another are known as traders.

Question 13. Who was the most important ruler of the Satavahanas?
Answer:

The most important ruler of the Satavahanas was Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.

Question 14. Who came to be known as lords of the dakshinapatha?
Answer:

Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni and other Satavahana rulers were known as lords of the dakshinapatha.

Question 15. Why were kings interested in controlling the silk route?
Answer:

The kings were interested in controlling the silk route because they could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts that were brought by traders travelling along the route.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Discuss the steps taken to increase production in the field of agriculture.
Answer:

There were various steps taken to increase production in the field of agriculture. These were

New tools like iron ploughshare and the system of transplantation were used to increase agricultural production.

Irrigation works like canals, tanks, wells, artificial lakes etc were built.

Question 2. List the different kinds of people who lived in the Tamil region.
Answer:

1. The different kinds of people who lived in the Tamil region were as follows
2. Large landowners who were known as Vellalar.
3. Ordinary ploughmen were known as uzhavar.
4. Landless labourers, including slaves, were known as kadaisiyar.

Question 3. What do you understand by the term ‘punch-marked coins’? Explain in brief.
Answer:

• Punch-marked coins were generally rectangular, square or round in shape, either cut out of metal sheets or made out of flattened metal globules (a small spherical body).
• The coins were not inscribed but were stamped with symbols using dies or punches. Hence, they are called punch-marked coins.

Question 4. Explain the inscriptions found in Mathura.
Answer:

1. In Mathura, many inscriptions on surfaces such as stone slabs and statues have been found. These are short inscriptions, that mention gifts given by men and sometimes by women, to monasteries and shrines.
2. These inscriptions were made by kings and queens, officers, merchants and craftspersons. Inscriptions of Mathura give information about different professionals of this city such as goldsmiths, blacksmiths, weavers, basket makers, garland makers, perfumers, etc.

Question 5. How did the Kushanas benefit from their control over the silk route, and what regions were included in their kingdom?
Answer:

• The Kushanas from their control over the silk route could benefit from taxes, tributes and gifts that were brought by traders travelling along the route. In return, they provided protection to the traders, who passed from their kingdom, by the attacks of robbers.
• The Kushanas ruled over Central Asia and North-West around 2000 years ago. The two major centres of power of Kushanas were Peshawar and Mathura. Taxila was also included in their kingdom.

Question 6. Write a short note on the Northern Black Polished Ware.
Answer:

• Northern Black Polished Ware is an extremely fine pottery. It is a hard, wheel-made, metallic-looking ware with a shiny black surface.
• The potter used to expose the earthenware to very high temperatures in his kiln which resulted in the blackening of its outer surface. It is generally found in the Northern part of the sub-continent.
• A fine black slip was applied on this ware, which gave the pottery a mirror-like shine.

Question 7. Describe the importance of shrines in three points.
Answer:

Shrenis had important roles in ancient societies as follows

• They empowered craftspersons by offering training, material procurement and product distribution.
• Merchants’ shrines organised trade, supporting commerce and trade networks.
• Shrenis also served as banks, where rich men and women deposited money.

Question 8. ‘The chiefs did not collect regular taxes’. Then, how were their expenses met?
Answer:

The chiefs did not collect regular taxes, however their expenses were met from the gifts they demanded and received from people. They also went on military expeditions and collected tributes from neighbouring areas.

They kept some wealth and distributed the rest between supporters including family members, poets and soldiers. There are poems in the Sangam collection praising the chiefs who rewarded the poets with gold, precious stones, horses, elephants, chariots and fine cloth.

Question 9. Which dynasty became powerful in Western India around 200 BC? Explain.
Answer:

Around 200 BC, the Satavahana dynasty became powerful in Western India. Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni was the most significant ruler of this dynasty. An inscription composed by his mother, Gautami Balashri gives information about him.

Gautamiputra and other Satavahana rulers of this dynasty came to be known as lords of the dakshinapatha which literally the route leading to the South and used as a name for the entire South region. Gautamiputra sent his army to the Eastern, Western and Southern coasts.

History Chapter 8 Villages, Towns And Trade Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. “ Very often, a single town was important for a variety of reasons”. Support the statement with suitable examples.

Answer:

, During the period of around 3000 years ago, mostly, Llefown was important for a variety of reasons. For example. Mathura has been an important town for settlement, for more than 2500 years because, it was situated at the crossroads of two major routes of trade. PC are from the North-West to East and from North to South

In Mathura, there were several shrines and fortifications around the city. Farmers and herders from nearby areas provided food for the people in the city. Mathura was also famous as a centre that produced extremely fine sculptures.

Question 2. ‘Fine pottery especially bowls and plates, were found from several archaeological sites throughout the sub-continent’. How do you think it reached these places? Explain in detail.

Answer:

Fine pottery especially bowls and plates, were found at several archaeological sites throughout the sub-continent Traders are the persons who used to carry these things from the places where they are made, to the places where they are sold. Roman gold coins have been found in South India, which provides clear proof that a lot of trade was carried out in the past.

Traders explored various sea routes some of which followed the coasts. Some of them were across the Arabian Sea and the Bay of Bengal, where monsoon winds helped in crossing the seas more quickly. If traders wanted to reach the Western coast of the sub-continent from East Africa or Arabia, they chose to sail with the South-West monsoon. Strong ships had to be built for these long journeys.

Question 3. What archaeological sources have been excavated in Arikamedu?

Answer:

1. Archaeological sources that have been excavated in Arikamedu include
2. A huge brick structure, which may have been a warehouse, was found at this site.
3. Pottery from the Mediterranean region, like amphorae and stamped red-glazed pottery, called Arratine Ware were found.
4. Roman lamps, glassware and gems have also been found at Arikamedu.
5. Small tanks were also found at this site which were probably used to dye cloth.
6. Evidence for making beads from semi-precious stone and glass was also found.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. What does the description of Samudragupta tell you? And also about how kings fought wars?

Answer:

The description of Samudragupta tells us that Samudragupta was a brave warrior, who had fought wars successfully and his body was covered with hundreds of wound marks.

The kings in those days fought with arrows, spikes, spears, battle axes, swords, iron clubs, barbed arrows, javelins, long arrows, and many other weapons.

Question 2. What was the difference between the way in which Samudragupta treated the rulers of Aryavarta and Dakshinapatha? Can you suggest any reasons for this difference?

Answer:

• The difference between the way in which Samudragupta treated the rulers of Aryavarta and Dakshinapatha was in Aryavarta. There were nine rulers of the Northern part of India who were removed and their kingdoms were made a part of Samudragupta’s empire.
• On the other hand, in Dakshinapatha, there were twelve rulers of the Southern part of India. They surrendered to Samudragupta after being defeated and then allowed to rule again by Samudragupta.
• Samudragupta adopted different policies because Dakshinapatha was far away from his capital. Since the means of transport were primitive, it was difficult to keep the rulers under control.

Question 3. Arrange these titles in order of importance: raja, maharaj-adhiraja, maha-raja.

Answer:

The titles in order of their importance are raja, maha-raja, and maharaj-adhiraja.

Question 4. List the present-day states that Harshavardhana passed through when he went

1. to Bengal and
2. up to the Narmada.

Answer:

The present-day states that Harshavardhana passed through were as follows

1. He might have crossed Bihar or Jharkhand to reach Bengal.
2.  He would have crossed Madhya Pradesh to reach Narmada.

Question 5. Who were the other rulers who tried to control the coasts and why?

Answer:

The Cholas, Cheras, and Pandyas were the other rulers who tried to control the coasts because the rulers who controlled the coasts became very rich and powerful. They could collect taxes and maintain flourishing trade in their kingdoms.

Question 6. What do you think may have been the advantages and disadvantages of having hereditary officers?

Answer:

The advantages and disadvantages of having hereditary officers are as follows Advantages

1. New officers will be familiar with the system while growing up.
2. There will be a continuity in governance. Disadvantages
3. An incompetent officer may come to hold the office.
4. Other capable people will be deprived of the opportunity to run the office.

Question 7. Name a famous man who taught in Prakrit and a king who issued inscriptions in Prakrit.

Answer:

Lord Buddha taught in Prakrit language and King Asholca issued his inscriptions in Prakrit language.

Question 8. Do you think that if a poor man finds something and reports this to police he would be treated like this today?

Answer:

• Today, if a poor person finds something valuable and reports it to the police they are usually treated with more fairness and respect.
• Laws exist to reward honesty in such situations. Unlike the story, modern systems aim to encourage honesty by treating those who report findings with fairness, rather than mistreatment.

Question 9. Make a list of all the things that were carried with the army.

Answer:

The army carried a variety of items, including weapons, pots, plants, furniture, golden footstools, deer, rabbits, vegetables, and spices. These goods were transported on carts, camels, and elephants.

Question 10. What did the villagers bring for the king?

Answer:

The villagers came with gifts of curds, gur, and flowers for the king and also provided fodder for the animals.

Question 11. Harshavardhana’s army will visit your village next week. Your parents are preparing for the visit. Describe what they say and do.

Answer:

1. Upon the arrival of Harshavardhana’s army in our village, musicians will accompany them with the rhythmic beats of drums, and others will play horns and trumpets.
2. Our parents would arrange gifts, gur, flowers, and fodder for their animals. Subsequently, they will interact with the king to present their grievances and petitions on behalf of the villagers.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Exercises

Question 1. State whether true or false.

1. Harishena composed a prashasti in praise of Gautamiputra Shri Satakarni.

Answer: False

2. The rulers of Aryavarta brought tribute to Samudragupta.

Answer: True

3. There were twelve rulers in Dakshinapatha.

Answer: False

4. Taxila and Madurai were important centers under the control of the Gupta rulers.

Answer: False

5. Aihole was the capital of the Pallavas.

Answer: True

Question 2. Mention three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana.

Answer:

The three authors who wrote about Harshavardhana were

1. I-Qing
2. Banabhatta
3. Xuan Zang

Question 3. What changes do you find in the army at this time?

Answer:

The changes in the army at this time were that the king maintained a well-organized army, with elephants, chariots, cavalry, and foot soldiers. Also, there were samantas who provided the king with troops whenever he needed them.

They were not paid regular salaries. Instead, some of them received grants of land. They collected revenue from the land and used this to maintain soldiers and horses and provide equipment for warfare. Whenever the ruler was weak, samantas tried to become independent.

Question 4. What were the new administrative arrangements during this period?

Answer:

The new administrative arrangements during this period were

• Some important administrative posts were now hereditary. This means that sons succeeded their fathers in these posts. For example, the poet Harishena was a maha- danda-nayaka, or chief judicial officer, like his father.
• Sometimes, one person maintained many offices. For example, besides being a maha-dcmda-nayaka, Harishena was a kurnar-amatya, meaning an important minister, and a sandhi-vigrahika, meaning a minister of war and peace.
• Important men like, the nagara-shreshthi or chief banker or merchant of the city, the sarthavaha or leader of the merchant caravans, the Prathama-kulika or the chief craftsman, and the head of the Kayasthas or scribes, had a role in local administration.

Question 5. What do you think Arvind would have to do if he was acting as Samudragupta?

Answer:

If Arvind assumed the role of Samudragupta, he would need to

• Attentively address grievances and resolve issues.
• Ensure the well-being of the people.
• Establish an effective administration.
• Portray himself as a warrior, as a king who won battles.
• Have scars on his body from axes, swords, etc because of the battles.

Question 6. Do you think ordinary people would have read and understood the prashastis? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

• No, ordinary people would not have read or understood the prashasti because it was written in the Sanskrit language. Sanskrit was difficult for common men to read and understand.
• Prashasti is a Sanskrit word that means ‘in praise of.’ It is an inscription composed by the poets in praise of their rulers. They were written by either royal poets or written by the visitors who visited India during this time.

Question 7. If you had to make a genealogy for yourself, who are the people you would include in it? How many generations would you like to show? Make a chart and fill it.

Answer:

If I had to make a genealogy for myself, then I would like to include the following persons in it

• My great grandfather
• My grandfather
• My father
• My mother
• My uncle and his sons and daughters.

I would like to show only four generations, which are as

• great grandfather
• grandfather
• Parents
• Father

Question 8. How do you think wars affect the lives of ordinary people today?

Answer:

Wars affect the lives of ordinary people today in the following ways

• It disturbs the economic position of the country.
• It increases the rate of poverty.
• It causes tremendous loss of life and property.
• It hampers the country’s developmental work.
• It gives rise to a number of new diseases due to the use of chemical weapons.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. Who was the founder of the Gupta dynasty?

1. Chandragupta
2. Samudragupta
3. Shrigupta
4. Skandagupta

Answer: 1. Chandragupta

Question 2. Harishena was the court poet of

1. Harsha
2. Samudragupta
3. Chandragupta
4. Banabhatta

Answer: 2. Samudragupta

Question 3. During which dynasty did prashastis gain importance?

1. Mauryan
2. Gupta
3. Chola
4. Chera

Answer: 2. Gupta

Question 4. The rulers of Northern India were from

1. Dakshinapatha
2. Chalukya
3. Pallavas
4. Aryavarta

Answer: 4. Aryavarta

Question 5. Kalidasa was the court poet of

1. Samudragupta
2. Chandragupta
3. Chandragupta 2
4. Harshavardhana

Answer: 3. Chandragupta 2

Question 6. Who led the army against the ruler of Bengal?

1. Harshavardhana
2. Pulakeshin 2
3. Chandragupta 2
4. Samudragupta

Answer: 1. Harshavardhana

Question 7. Which among the following was the capital of Pallavas?

1. Raichur
2. Kanchipuram
3. Tungabhadra
4. Ujjain

Answer: 2. Kanchipuram

Question 8. means a list of ancestors.

1. Hereditary
2. ecology
3. Genealogy
4. Generation

Answer: 3. Genealogy

Question 9. The era beginning in the 58 BCE is traditionally associated with the Gupta king. Chandragupta II, who had founded it as a mark of victory over the and assumed the title of

Fill in the suitable words from the options below and mark accordingly.

1. Shakas, Maha-raja
2. Prashasti, Maharaja-adhiraja
3. Gupta, Vikramaditya
4. Shakas, Vikramaditya

Answer: 4. Shakas, Vikramaditya

Question 10. Ravikirti was the court poet of which of the following kings?

1. Pulakeshin
2. Pulakeshin 2
3. Chandragupta 2
4. Samudragupta

Answer: 2. Pulakeshin 2

Question 11. Who was the chief judicial officer in the reign of Samudragupta?

1. Harishena
2. Ravikirti
3. Fa Xian
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Harishena

Question 12. Who was not paid regular salaries by the kings?

1. Brahmins
2. Samantas
3. Nagaram
4. Zamindars

Answer: 2. Samantas

Question 13. The Sabha was an assembly which was controlled by

1. Brahmin landowners
2. Chief judicial officer
3. Samantas
4. King

Answer: 1. Brahmin landowners

Question 14. Abhijnana Shakuntalam was written by whom?

1. Dushyanta
2. Ravikirti
3. Kalidasa
4. Harishena

Answer: 3. Kalidasa

Question 15. Name the musical instrument played by King Samudragupta.

1. Guitar
2. Veerta
3. Violin
4. Mandolin

Answer: 2. Veerta

Question 16. What is meant by sandhi-vigrahika?

1. Minister of War and Peace
2. Chief banker or merchant
3. Leader of the merchant caravans
4. Chief craftsman

Answer: 1. Minister of War and Peace

Question 17. Their inscriptions mentioned a number of local assemblies. These included the Sabha, which was an assembly of Brahmin landowners. This assembly functioned through sub-committees, which looked after irrigation agricultural operations, making roads, local temples, etc.

The above descriptions belong to which kingdom?

1. Pallavas
2. Chalukyas
3. Pulakeshin
4. Samudragupta

Answer: 1. Pallavas

Question 18. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. Information about Samudragupta can be acquired from the Ashoka inscription of Allahabad.
2. Chandragupta played Veena.
3. Prashasti is a Sanskrit word, which means ‘in praise of’.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. 1 and 3

Answer: 3. 1, 2 and 3

Question 19. Read the following statements and select the incorrect option.

1. There were nine rulers in Aryavarta.
2. The rulers of Dakshinapatha were allowed to rule again after surrender.
3. The ruler of Assam offered his daughters in marriage.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. None of these

Answer: 4. None of these

Question 20. Which of the following statements is/are incorrect about Harshavardhana?

1. His court poet, Banabhatta, wrote his biography, the Harshacharita.
2. His biography gives us the genealogy of Harsha and ends before he became king.
3. Xuan Zang didn’t spend time in his kingdom.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Both 1 and 2
3. 1, 2 and 3
4. Both 2 and 3

Answer: 4. Both 2 and 3

Question 21. Arrange the rulers according to their time in chronological order.

1. Samudragupta
2. Chandragupta
3. Chandragupta 2
4. Harshavardhana

Codes:

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 3, 2, 4
3. 4, 3, 1, 2
4. 4, 2, 1, 3

Answer: 3. 4, 3, 1, 2

Question 22. Arrange the following kingdoms according to their time period and choose the correct option.

1. Mauryan Empire
2. Satavahana Empire
3. Gupta Empire
4. Chola Empire

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 3, 2, 5
3. 2, 4, 1, 3
4. 4, 1, 2, 3

Answer: 1. 1, 2, 3, 4

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Match The Following

Question 1.

Codes

• A B C D E

1. 3 1 2 4 5
2. 1 3 2 4 5
3. 4 5 2 1 3
4. 3 2 1 4 5

Answer: 1. 3 1 2 4 5

Question 2.

Codes

• A B C D

1. 3 4 2 1
2. 4 3 1 2
3. 3 2 1 4
4. 2 1 3 4

Answer: 1. 3 4 2 1

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) There were twelve rulers of Dakshinapatha.

Reason (R) They surrendered to Samudragupta after being defeated and then allowed to rule again by Samudragupta.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) Ravikriti composed the prashasti of Pulakeshin II.

Reason (R) The Prashasti gives information about his ancestors, especially the last four generations.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The ……….. and Chalukyas were the most important ruling dynasties in South India.

Answer: Pallavas

Question 2. The kingdom of the Pallavas spread from the region around their capital ……….. to the Kaveri delta.

Answer: Kanchipuram

Question 3. Nagaram was an organization of …….

Answer: merchants

Question 4. Harshacharita is the biography of ……….

Answer: Harshavardhana

Question 5. The prathama-kulika stands for the ……..

Answer: Chief craftsman

Question 6. ………. spent a lot of time at Harshavardhana’s court.

Answer: Xuan Zang

Question 7. Chalukyas was centered around the Raichur Doab, between the rivers ……… and ……..

Answer: Krishna, Tungabhadra

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms True or False

Question 1. Harshavardhana took over the kingdom of Kanauj after the death of his brother-in-law.

Answer: True

Question 2. Harishena was Pulakeshin M’s court poet.

Answer: True

Question 3. Sandhi-vigrahika means a minister of war and peace.

Answer: True

Question 4. Pulakeshin evidently got the kingdom from his father.

Answer: False

Question 5. The ur was a village assembly found in areas where the landowners were Brahmins.

Answer: False

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Look at the pictures given below and answer the questions that follow

Name the ruler who had been represented on these above coins.

1. Harshavardhana
2. Samudragupta
3. Chandragupta
4. Ashoka

Answer: 2. Samudragupta

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Case Based Question And Answers

1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “Most prashastis also mention the ancestors of the ruler. This one mentions Samudragupta’s great-grandfather, grandfather, father, and mother. His mother, Kumara Devi, belonged to the Lichchhavi gana, while his father, Chandragupta, was the first ruler of the Gupta dynasty to adopt the grand title of Maharaja-dhiraja, a title that Samudragupta also used.
• His great-grandfather and grandfather are mentioned simply as maha-rajas. It seems as if the family gradually rose to importance. Samudragupta in turn figures in the genealogies (lists of ancestors) of later rulers of the dynasty, such as his son, Chandragupta II. We know about him from inscriptions and coins. He led an expedition to Western India, where he overcame the last of the Shakas. According to later belief, his court was full of learned people.”

Question 1. What is the significance of Kumara Devi’s ancestry in the context of Samudragupta’s ancestry?

1. Kumara Devi was a ruler of the Gupta dynasty.
2. Kumara Devi belonged to the Lichchhavi gana.
3. Kumara Devi adopted the title of Maharaj-adhiraja.
4. Kumara Devi led an expedition to Western India.

Answer: 2. Kumara Devi belonged to the Lichchhavi gana.

Question 2. What is the role of Chandragupta in the history of the Gupta dynasty?

1. Chandragupta was the first ruler to adopt the title of Maharaj-adhiraja.
2. Chandragupta was Samudragupta’s son.
3. Chandragupta led an expedition to Western India.
4. Chandragupta’s mother belonged to the Lichchhavi gana.

Answer: 1. Chandragupta was the first ruler to adopt the title of Maharaj-adhiraja.

Question 3. How does the passage suggest the continuity of family importance in the Gupta dynasty?

1. By highlighting the military achievements of each generation.
2. By detailing the educational background of the rulers.
3. By indicating the gradual rise in family prominence over time.
4. By emphasizing their affiliation with the Lichchhavi gana.

Answer: 3. By indicating the gradual rise in family prominence over time.

Question 4. How does the passage suggest the transmission of historical information within the Gupta dynasty?

1. Through written records like inscriptions and coins.
2. Through oral traditions passed down through generations.
3. Through diplomatic relations with other dynasties,
4. Through educational reforms initiated by the rulers.

Answer: 1. Through written records like inscriptions and coins.

2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• “The Pallavas and Chalukyas were the most important ruling dynasties in South India during this period. The kingdom of the Pallavas spread from the region around their capital, Kanchipuram, to the Kaveri delta, while that of the Chalukyas was centered around the Raichur Doab, between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.
• Aihole, the capital of the Chalukyas, was an important trading center. It developed as a religious center, with a number of temples. The Pallavas and Chalukyas frequently raided one another’s lands, especially attacking the capital cities, which were prosperous towns.
• The best-known Chalukya ruler was Pulakeshin II. We know about him from a prashasti, composed by his court poet Ravikirti. This tells us about his ancestors, who are traced back through four generations from father to son. Pulakeshin evidently got the kingdom from his uncle.”

Question 1. Where were the kingdoms of the Pallavas and Chalukyas centered during this period?
Answer:

The Pallavas’ kingdom extended from Kanchipuram to the Kaveri delta, while the Chalukyas were centered around the Raichur Doab, between the Krishna and Tungabhadra rivers.

Question 2. What was Aihole known for during the Chalukya period?

Answer:

Aihole, the capital of Chalukya was a significant trading and religious centre, with several temples.

Question 3. Who was the renowned ruler among the Chalukyas, and how do we learn about him?

Answer:

Pulakeshin II was the most famous Chalukya ruler, and information about him comes from a prashasti written by his court poet, Ravikirti, detailing his ancestors.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the meaning of the word prashasti?
Answer:

Prashasti is a Sanskrit word, which means ‘in praise of. It is an inscription composed by the poets in praise of their rulers.

Question 2. What does Samudragupta’s prashasti tell?
Answer:

Samudragupta’s prashasti says that the poet praised him by mentioning him as a warrior, as a king who won victories in battle, as a learned man, and as a great poet. He is also described as equal to the Gods.

Question 3. What do you mean by genealogy?
Answer:

Genealogy means information about the ancestors of the ruler.

Question 4. Who led an expedition to West India?
Answer:

Chandragupta-II led an expedition to Western India.

Question 5. Name the court poet of Harshavardhana.
Answer:

Banbhatta was the court poet of Harshavardhana.

Question 6. Who wrote the Harshacharita?
Answer:

Banabhatta wrote the Harshacharita.

Question 7. Name the ruler who stopped Harsha from crossing Deccan.
Answer:

Pulakeshein II was the ruler who stopped Harsha from crossing Deccan.

Question 8. Which were the most important ruling dynasties in South India?
Answer:

The Pallavas and Chalukyas were the most important dynasties in South India.

Question 9. “An interesting feature about these plays is that the king and most Brahmins are shown as speaking Sanskrit, while women and men other than the king and Brahmins use Prakrit.” Which play is being referred to here? Why do you think there were different languages?
Answer:

Kalidasa’s play ‘Abhijnana Shakuntalam’ is being referred to here. As kings and Brahmins spoke in Sanskrit, while women and others spoke Prakrit, it shows a difference in social status.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Write a short note on Harshavardhana.

Answer:

• Harshavardhana ruled nearly 1400 years ago. His court poet, Banabhatta wrote his biography, the Harshacharita, in Sanskrit. Harshavardhana became king of Thanesar after his father and his elder brother died.
• His brother-in-law was the ruler of Kanauj but he was killed by the ruler of Bengal. So, Harsha took over the kingdom of Kanauj and led an army against the ruler of Bengal. He was successful in the East and conquered Magadha and Bengal.

Question 2. What details are provided about Samudragupta’s family in his prashasti? What does it suggest about the Gupta dynasty’s rise to power?

Answer:

• Samudragupta’s prashasti provides information about his great-grandfather, father, and mother. Samudragupta’s mother, Kumara Devi, belonged to the Lichchhavi gana, and his father Chandragupta, adopted the grand title of Maharaj-adhiraja.
• This title was also used by Samudragupta. The great-grandfather and grandfather of Samudragupta are mentioned simply as maha-rajas.
• This information suggests the gradual rise of the Gupta dynasty to importance and power, indicated by the titles adopted by successive rulers.

Question 3. Samudragupta in turn figures in the genealogies (list of ancestors) of later rulers of the dynasty, such as his son, Chandragupta II. We know about him from inscriptions and coins.

(A)Mention about expedition and court of Chandragupta II.

Answer:

Information about Chandragupta II is known from the inscriptions and coins. He led an expedition to Western India, where he defeated the last Shaka ruler. His court was full of learned people, including Kalidasa, the poet, and Aryabhata, the astronomer.

(B) What was Vikram Samvat associated with Chandragupta II?

Answer:

It refers to the era beginning in 58 BCE which is traditionally associated with the Gupta king, Chandragupta II. He founded it as a mark of victory over the Shakas and assumed the title of Vikramaditya.

Question 4. Who was Pulakeshin II? Explain about him, as described in his prashasti.

Answer:

• Pulakeshin II was the famous Chalukyan ruler. His prashasti was composed by his court poet Ravikirti, which gives information about his ancestors, especially the last four generations.
• Pulakeshin II took over the kingdom from his uncle. According to Ravikirti, he led expeditions along the West and East coasts and stopped Harshavardhana from expanding his kingdom. Pulakeshin II also attacked the Pallava king, who took shelter behind the walls of Kanchipuram.

Question 5. Write a short note on the functions of Samantas.

Answer:

The functions of Samantas were

• There were military leaders who provided troops to the king whenever he needed them. They were not paid regular salaries instead, some of them received grants of land.
• They collected revenue from the land and used this to maintain soldiers and horses, and also provide equipment for warfare. Whenever the ruler was weak, samantas tried to become independent.

Question 6. Write a short note on the Sabha and Nagaram.

Answer:

The inscriptions of the Pallavas mention local assemblies like Sabha and Nagaram. These were

• Sabha It was an assembly of Brahmin landowners. This assembly functioned through sub-committees, which looked after irrigation, agricultural operations, making roads, local temples, etc.
• Nagaram was an organization of merchants. It was controlled by rich and powerful landowners and merchants. Many of these local assemblies continued to function for centuries.

Question 7. ‘We can catch an occasional glimpse of the lives of ordinary people from plays, and other accounts’. Explain the lives of ordinary people through these sources.

Answer:

The plays and the other accounts of the poets give information about the lives of ordinary people.

• The plays of Kalidasa depict life in the king’s court. In these plays, the king and most brahmins are shown as speaking Sanskrit, while women and men other than the king and brahmins use Prakrit.
• The Chinese pilgrim Fa Xian had mentioned in his account about the condition of the people treated as untouchables. They were expected to live outside the city.
• If they wanted, to enter a town or marketplace, they had to strike a piece of wood, so that the other people would be aware of them.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Describe the four types of rulers described by Harishena and Explain Samudragupta’s policies towards them.

Answer:

Harishena described four different kinds of rulers and mentioned Samudragupta’s policies towards them as follows

• The Rulers of Aryavarta These included nine rulers of the Northern part of India who was removed, and their kingdoms were made a part of Samudragupta’s empire.
• The Rulers of Dakshinapatha These included twelve rulers of the Southern part of India. They surrendered to Samudragupta after being defeated and then allowed to rule again by Samudragupta.
• The Rulers of Neighbouring States These included rulers of Assam, coastal Bengal, Nepal, and a number ofgana sanghas in the northwest. They brought tribute, followed the orders of Samudragupta, and attended his courts. *
• The Rulers of the Outlying Areas of India These included the descendants of the Kushanas and Shakas, and the ruler of Sri Lanka, who surrendered to Samudragupta and offered daughters in marriage.

Question 2. Explain about the Pallavas and Chalukyas that ruled in South India during the Gupta period.

Answer:

• The Pallavas and Chalukyas were the most powerful and important ruling dynasties in South India during the Gupta period. The kingdom of Pallavas spread from the region around their capital Kanchipuram to the Kaveri Delta.
• The kingdom of the Chalukyas was located around the Raichur Doab, between the rivers Krishna and Tungabhadra.
• The capital city of Chalukyas, Aihole, was an important trading center. It gradually developed as a religious center with a number of temples.
• The Pallavas and Chalukyas frequently attacked each other’s lands, especially the capital cities, which were prosperous (wealthy) towns.

Class 6 History Chapter 9 New Empires And Kingdoms Map Based Question And Answer

Question 1. Mark the following important cities and kingdoms on the outline map of India.

1. Thanesar
2. Ujjain
3. Pataliputra

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic

Question And Answers

Question 1. Make a list of all those who would be present at the sacrifice. Which are the categories described in terms of their occupation?

Answer:

The people who would be present at the sacrifice are

• The king, his wives, sons and relatives
• The charioteer of the king
• The priests
• The ordinary people, the vish or vaishya
• The other rajas

The categories of people who are described in terms of their occupation are

• The king, who protected the people and looked after their welfare.
• The charioteer was his companion on the battlefield.
• The priest, who performed the religious ceremony.

Question 2. Rice, wheat, barley, pulses, sugarcane, sesame and mustard. Is there a crop in this list that was not mentioned?

Answer:

Yes, the sugarcane crop is on this list and it was not mentioned

Harappan grew wheat, rice, barley, pulses, peas, sesame, mustard and linseed. But people during the mahajanapada period grew wheat, rice, barley, pulses, sugarcane, sesame and mustard.

Question 3. List two ways in which the rajas of the mahajanapadas were different from those mentioned in the Rigveda.

Answer:

The following are the two types in which rajas of mahajanapadas were different from those mentioned in Rigveda

1.  Rajas of mahajanapadas became rajas by performing very big sacrifices where people accepted their supremacy. However, the rajas in Rigveda were chosen by the Jana i.e. the people.
2.  Rajas of mahajanapadas had capital cities, which were fortified. They also had large armies. However, rajas in Rigveda did not have capital cities, palaces and armies. Also, they did not collect taxes.

Question 4. What do you think would have been provided by hunters and gatherers?

Answer:

The hunters and gatherers would have provided fresh meat, forest produce like honey and nuts to the king.

Question 5. Can you think why kings would encourage these changes i.e. use of iron ploughshare and transplantation of paddy?

Answer:

• The kings encouraged these changes i.e. use of iron ploughshare and transplantation of paddy because these two activities would lead to increased agricultural production.
• As a result of this, kings would be able to get more tax from their men. In this way, they could be able to maintain a large army that would be utilised in acquiring more lands for agriculture.

Question 6. In what ways were armies during the mahajanapada period different from those described in the Rigveda?

Answer:

• The armies during the mahajanapada period were different from the army during the Rigvedic period as during the Rigvedic era, there was no regular army. Most men of the village took part in the wars. Soldiers were given a part of the wealth looted.
• On the other hand, during the mahajanapada period, soldiers were paid salaries for fighting wars and maintained by the king throughout the year.

Question 6. In what ways was the Vajji sangha different from the other mahajanapadas? Try and list at least three differences.

Answer:

• The armies during the mahajanapada period were different from the army during the Rigvedic period as during the Rigvedic era, there was no regular army. Most men of the village took part in the wars. Soldiers were given a part of the wealth looted.
• On the other hand, during the mahajanapada period, soldiers were paid salaries for fighting wars and maintained by the king throughout the year.

Question 7. In what ways was the Vajji sangha different from the other mahajanapadas? Try and list at least three differences.

Answer:

The Vajji sangha was different from the other mahajanapadas in the following ways

Question 8. You are peeping through a crack in the walls of the assembly of Vaishali, where a meeting is in progress to discuss ways to deal with an attack by the king of Magadha. Describe what you might hear.

Answer:

The assembly in Vaishali is holding a meeting to discuss how to deal with an attack by the king of Magadha.

The ongoing discussion may include the following types of questions

• Who is going to lead the army?
• Who is in total control of the army?
• Who will lead the elephants, horses and chariots, the different wings of the army?
• What strategy will be adopted in direct combat?
• Will the leaders meet during the battle to discuss the situation?

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Exercises

Question 1. State whether true or false.

1. Rajas who let the Ashvamedha horse pass through their lands were invited to the sacrifice.

Answer: True

2. The charioteer sprinkled sacred water on the king.

Answer: False

3. Archaeologists have found palaces in the settlements of the janapadas.

Answer: True

4. Pots to store grain were made out of Painted Grey Ware.

Answer: False

5. Many cities in mahajanapadas were fortified.

Answer: True

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the chart given below with the terms hunter-gatherers, farmers, traders, craftspersons, and herders.

Answer:

Question 2. Who were the groups who could not participate in the assemblies of the ganas?
Answer:

• Women, dasas and kammakaras could not participate in the assemblies of the ganas. Kammakaras were landless agricultural labourers who worked on other’s land.
• The Shudras were expected to serve the other three varnas and so they were included in decision making.

Question 3. Why did the rajas of mahajanapadas build forts?
Answer:

The rajas of mahajanapadas build forts for the following reasons

• The rajas build forts to protect their capital city.
• Forts were built because people were afraid of attacks from other kings and needed protection.
• Some rulers build forts with large, tall and impressive walls around their cities to show their wealth and strength.
• Forts were also built so that the land and the people living inside the fortified area could be controlled more easily by the king.

Question 4. Were there any janapadas in your state? If yes, name them. If not, name the janapadas that would have been the closest to your state, and mention whether they were to the East, West, North or South.
Answer:

I live in Bihar. There were 3 janapada in my state

The list of janapadas close to Bihar are

• Vajji was located to the North of Bihar.
• Magadha was situated to the East of Bihar.
• Anga was positioned to the West of Bihar.

Question 6. Find out whether the groups mentioned in answer 3 have voting rights at present.
Answer:

• Yes, the groups mentioned in answer 3 i.e. women have voting rights at present.
• All the citizens of a country of age 18 or above including men, women, etc have equal right to vote. Untouchability is prohibited by the Constitution.
• People from all varnas are allowed to vote irrespective of their land holdings.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. Who was the central figure in Ashvamedha rituals?

1. Men
2. Women
3. Raja
4. Brahmin

Answer: 3. Raja

Question 2. Who was the companion of Raja on the battlefield?

1. Men
2. Charioteer
3. Raja
4. Brahmin

Answer: 2. Charioteer

Question 3. The priests divided people into four groups, called

1. priest
2. varnas
3. Kshatriya
4. shudra

Answer: 2. varnas

Question 4. Who was expected to study and teach the Vedas?

1. Ordinary men
2. Charioteers
3. Rajas
4. Brahmins

Answer: 4. Brahmins

Question 5. Who were expected to be farmers, herders and traders?

1. Vaishyas
2. Charioteers
3. Rajas
4. Brahmins

Answer: 1. Vaishyas

Question 6. One special type of pottery found at the sites of Janapadas is known as

1. Pot
2. Dish pot
3. Painted Grey Ware
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Painted Grey Ware

Question 7. Son River was basically flowing through the kingdom.

1. Gandhara
2. Magadha
3. Kaushambi
4. Avanti

Answer: 2. Magadha

Question 8. What is the present name of Rajagriha?

1. Rajgir
2. Rajgaon
3. Gaya
4. Rajkot

Answer: 1. Rajgir

Question 9. What was the capital of mahajanapada Vajji?

1. Kaushambi
2. Ujjain
3. Vaishali
4. Taxila

Answer: 3. Vaishali

Question 10. Vedic books were composed by

1. priests
2. charioteers
3. Kshatriyas
4. Shudras

Answer: 1. priests

Question 11. What was the capital of Gandhara during the Mahajanapadas period?

1. Vaishali
2. Ujjain
3. Hastinapura
4. Taxila

Answer: 4. Taxila

Question 12. Which among the following settlements was located in Delhi?

1. Purana Qila
2. Etah
3. Atranjkhera
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Purana Qila

Question 13. Read the following statement and identify the mahajanapada.

1. Many rivers such as the Ganga and Son flowed through it.
2. Parts of this mahajanapada were forested. Elephants, which lived in the forest, were trained for the army.

Codes

1. Kuru
2. Vajji
3. Magadha
4. Gandhara

Answer: 3. Magadha

Question 14. Read the following statements and select the correct Option.

1. Hunters and gatherers pay taxes in the form of animal produce.
2. There were taxes on craftspersons.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Only 2

Question 15. Read the following statements and select the correct option.

1. Forests provided wood for building houses, carts and chariots.
2. Bimbisara and Ajatasattu were powerful rulers of Avanti.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Only 1

Question 16. Arrange the following terms in chronological order

1. Rajas
2. Mahajanapadas til.
3. Alexander

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 1, 3, 2
3. 2, 1, 3
4. 3, 2, 1

Answer: 3. 2, 1, 3

Question 17. Arrange the following varnas from top to bottom classification done by the priests.

1. Brahmins
2. Shudras
3. Kshatriyas
4. Vaishyas

Codes:

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 1, 3, 2, 4
3. 1, 3, 4, 2
4. 4, 2, 3, 1

Answer: 3. 1, 3, 4, 2

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Match the Following

Question 1.

Codes

• A  B  C  D  E

1. 5  4  2  1   3
2. 2  1  3  4  5
3. 3  4  5  2  1
4. 1  2  3  4  5

Answer: 1. 5 4 2 1 3

Question 2.

Codes

• A  B  C  D  E

1. 2  1  3  4   5
2. 2  4  3  2   1
3. 3  5  4  1   2
4. 1  5  3   2  4

Answer: 3. 3 5 4 1 2

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Assertion and Reason

Question 1. Assertion (A) Rajas were generally chosen by the Jana through voting.

Reason (R) Voting has become the common way of choosing a leader nowadays.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 4. A is false, but R is true

Question 2. Assertion (A) Magadha became a powerful kingdom.

Reason (R) It was under a different form of government called ‘gana or sangha’.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 3. A is true, but R is false

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. About ……… years ago, some janapadas became more than others, were known as mahajanapadas.

Answer: 2500

Question 2. Mahapadma Nanda was an important ruler of ………..

Answer: Magadha

Question 3. The capital of Avanti was ……….

Answer: Ujjain

Question 4. The ……… were expected to fight battles and protect people.

Answer: Kshatriyas

Question 5. ……… were paid regular salaries and maintained throughout the year.

Answer: Soldiers, the king

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic True or False

Question 1. Farmers were also expected to pay taxes in the form of animal produce.

Answer: False

Question 2. In mahajanapadas, there were taxes on goods that were bought and sold, through trade.

Answer: True

Question 3. Many rivers such as the Ganga and Son flowed through Vajji.

Answer: False

Question 4. Hastinapur is located near Etah.

Answer: False

Question 5. Soldiers in mahajanapadas were paid by punch-marked coins.

Answer: True

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Case Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

The new rajas now began maintaining armies. Soldiers were paid regular salaries and maintained by the king throughout the year. Some payments were probably made using punch-marked coins.

As the rulers of the mahajanapadas were (a) building huge forts and (b) maintaining big armies, they needed more resources and they needed officials to collect these.

So, instead of depending on occasional gifts brought by people, as in the case of the raja of the janapadas, they started collecting regular taxes.

1. Taxes on crops
2. Taxes on craftspersons
3. Herders paid taxes as animals and animal produce.
4. Taxes on goods through trade.
5. Hunters and gatherers had to provide forest produce to the raja.

1. What was one of the primary reasons the new rulers began collecting regular taxes?

1. To encourage trade and commerce
2. To fund the construction of temples
3. To support the welfare of hunters and gatherers
4. To build their armies and massive forts

Answer: 4. To build their armies and massive forts

2. Which groups or individuals were subjected to taxation during this transition in governance?

1. Religious leaders and priests
2. Farmers and landowners only
3. Craftspersons, herders, traders and hunters
4. Only those involved in long-distance trade

Answer: 3. Craftspersons, herders, traders and hunters

3. What form of payment was possibly used for transactions, as mentioned in the passage?

1. Metal ingots
2. Barter system
3. Punch marked coins
4. Shell currency

Answer: 3. Punch marked coins

4. What was the direct consequence of the new rulers paying regular salaries to soldiers and maintaining armies throughout the year?

1. Decrease in agricultural productivity
2. Need for increased taxation
3. Rise in cultural activities
4. Disbandment of forts and defences

Answer: 2. Need for increased taxation

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• While Magadha became a powerful kingdom, Vajji, with its capital at Vaishali (Bihar), was under a different form of government, known as gana or sangha.
• In a gana or a sangha, there was not one, but many rulers and each one was known as a raja. These rajas performed rituals together. They also met in assemblies and decided what had to be done and how through discussion and debate.
• For example, if they were attacked by an enemy, they met to discuss what should be done to meet the threat. However, women, dasas and kammakaras could not participate in these assemblies.

1. What was gana or sangha?
Answer:

The gana or sangha means an association or group of people.

2. What was the role of data and kammakaras in administration?
Answer:

The dasas and kammakaras were not allowed to participate in any of the rituals and assemblies. Hence, they had no role in the administration.

3. How was the Vajji kingdom organised?
Answer:

The Vajji kingdom was under a government called Sangha. The kingdom was divided into several sanghas. Each sangha had its own ruler.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Who became the rajas of janapadas?
Answer:

The rajas who performed big sacrifices were recognised as rajas of janapadas rather than janas.

Question 2. What was the use of Painted grey ware?
Answer:

Painted Grey Ware was used on special occasions, for important people, and to serve special food.

Question 3. What were mahajanapadas?
Answer:

The important janapadas which had a capital city, maintained a huge army and were fortified were known as mahajanapadas. For example, Vajji and Magadha.

Question 4. What materials were used in the making of the fortified walls?
Answer:

Woods and bricks or stone were used in the making of the fortified walls.

Question 5. Who was Mahapadma Nanda?
Answer:

Mahapadma Nanda was one of the important rulers of Magadha who extended his control up to the North-West part of the sub-continent.

Question 6. Where was the capital of Magadha shifted to from Rajagrlha?
Answer:

The capital of Magadha was shifted from Rajagriha to Pataliputra.

Question 7. What was Sangha?
Answer:

In a gana or sangha, there were many rulers and each of them was known as a raja. These rajas performed rituals together.

Question 8. Name two religious philosophers who belonged to ganas or sanghas.
Answer:

Buddha and Mahavira were two religious philosophers who belonged to ganas or sanghas.

Question 9. Name the two communities that were not allowed to study Vedas.
Answer:

Shudras and women were not allowed to study Vedas.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. ‘Some men performed Ashvamedha sacrifice to became recognised as rajas’. Describe how the Ashvamedha sacrifice was performed by rajas.
Answer:

• In the ritual of Ashvamedha, a horse was let free to roam and it was guarded by the raja’s men.
• If the horse roamed into the kingdoms of other rajas and they stopped it, they had to fight.
• If they allowed the horse to pass, it meant that they accepted that the raja who wanted to perform the sacrifice, was stronger than them.
• Then these other rajas were invited to the sacrifice. J The sacrifice was performed by specially trained priests, who were rewarded with gifts.
• The raja who The sacrifice was performed by specially trained priests, who were rewarded with gifts. The raja who organised the sacrifice was recognised as being very powerful, and all those who came to the sacrifice brought gifts for him.

Question 2. What do the archaeological excavations tell about the janapadas settlements? Name some settlements excavated by archaeologists.
Answer:

• Archaeological excavation tells the following information about the settlements at janapadas
• Archaeologists found that people lived in huts, and kept cattle as well as other animals.
• They also grew a variety of crops i.e. rice, wheat, barley, pulses, sugarcane, sesame and mustard.
• Archaeologists have excavated many settlements in janapadas, such as Purana Qila in Delhi, Hastinapur near Meerut and Atranjikhera near Etah (Uttar Pradesh).

Question 3. What were the characteristics of the earthen pots used by the people in janapadas?
Answer:

The characteristics of the earthen pots are

• In janapadas, some of these pots were grey in colour and others were red.
• One special type of pottery found at these sites is known as Painted Grey Ware, and such pots had painted designs, usually simple lines and geometric patterns.
• Painted grey ware vessels were extremely fine to touch, with a nice, smooth surface. These were used on special occasions, for important people, and to serve special food.

Question 4. Who were the most powerful rulers of Magadha?

Or Write about the important rulers of Magadha.

Answer:

• The most powerful rulers of Magadha were Bimbisara and Ajatasattu, who used all possible means to conquer other janapadas. Ajatasattu planned to attack Vajiis.
• For this, he sent his minister Vassakara to get Buddha’s advice. Mahapadma Nanda was another important ruler. He extended his control up to the North-West part of the sub-continent.

Question 5. What were the two major changes in agriculture that occurred at the time of mahajanapadas?
Answer:

The two major changes in agriculture that occurred at the time of mahajanapadas are as follows

• There was an increase in the use of iron ploughshares instead of wooden ploughshares.
• This meant that Heavy and clayey soil could now be turned over better and more grain could be produced.
• People began transplanting paddy. Instead of scattering seeds on the ground, from which plants would sprout, saplings were grown and then planted in the fields. This led to an increase in production, as many more plants survived.

Question 6. Who was Alexander? Why did his soldiers refuse to invade India?
Answer:

• Alexander was the ruler of Macedonia in Europe. More than 2300 years ago, he wanted to conquer the entire world. He conquered the parts of Egypt and West Asia.
• When came to the Indian sub-continent and reached up to the banks of the river Beas, his soldiers refused to move further Eastwards. They were afraid because they had heard that the rulers of India had large armies of foot soldiers, chariots and elephants.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Who participated in the rituals and what function did they perform?
Answer:

The people who participated in the rituals and the functions they performed were as follows

• Priests performed the rituals including the sprinkling of sacred water on the king. They were specially trained priests, who were rewarded with gifts.
• The raja was a central figure in these rituals. He often had a special seat, a throne or a tiger skin.
• The charioteer, his companion on the battlefield who has witnessed his exploits, chanted tales of his glory.
• Relatives of the king, especially his wives and sons, had to perform some minor rituals.
• The other rajas simply had to sit and watch the performance of the sacrifice.
•  The ordinary people, the visit or vaishya, brought gifts. However, some people, such as those who were regarded as shudras by the priests, were excluded from many rituals.

Question 2. Discuss the varna system, which was made by the priests.
Answer:

The priest divided society into four groups, called varnas. According to them, each varna had a different set of functions. According to the priests, these groups were decided on the basis of their occupation and role in society. These groups were as follows

• The first varna was Brahmins. Brahmins were expected to study and teach the Vedas, perform sacrifices and receive gifts.
•  In the second varna, there were rulers also known as kshatriyas. They were expected to fight battles and protect people.
• Hie third varna was Vaishyas or Vish. They were expected to be farmers, herders and traders. Both the Kshatriyas and the Vaishyas could perform sacrifices.
• The fourth varna was shudras who were expected to serve the other three groups.

Question 3. What are mahajanapadas? List its characteristics.
Answer: ‘

The word janapada literally means the land where the Jann settled down. The important janapadas which had a capital city, maintained a huge army and were fortified were known as mahajanapadas.

The characteristics of a mahajanapadas are as follows

1. Mahajanapadas were fortified which means that huge walls of wood, brick or stone were built around. They were built because people were afraid of attacks from other kings and needed protection.
2.  The rajas of mahajanapadas maintained huge armies throughout the year. Soldiers were paid regular salaries using punch-marked coins.
3. Taxes were collected from all sections of the society including farmers, traders, craftspersons, etc.
4. This was done to meet the increased expenditure of the state.

Question 4. Why were taxes collected in mahajanapadas? Mention the taxes that were collected.
Answer:

Rulers of the mahajanapadas needed huge amounts of money to run their vast empire. They needed more resources for building huge forts and maintaining big armies so, instead of depending on occasional gifts they started collecting taxes.

The taxes that were collected in mahajanapadas were

1. Taxes on crops
2.  Taxes on craftspersons
3. Herders paid taxes as animals and animal produce.
4. Taxes on goods through trade.
5. Hunters and gatherers had to provide forest produce to the raja as taxes.

Question 5. ‘Magadha became the most important mahajanapada in about 200 years.’ Justify the statement by explaining its features and rulers.
Answer:

Magadha became the most important mahajanapada in about 200 years. Its characteristics were

• Many rivers such as the Ganga and Son flowed through Magadha, which was important for transport, water supplies and making the land fertile.
• In Magadha, many areas were covered with forests.
• The elephants which lived in these forests could be captured and trained for the army. Forests also provided wood for building houses, carts and chariots.
• There were iron ore mines in the region that could be used to make strong tools and weapons.
•  Rajagriha (present-day Rajgir) in Bihar was the capital of Magadha for several years. Later, the capital was shifted to Pataliputra (present-day Patna).
• Bimbisara and Ajatasattu were the two most powerful rulers of Magadha, who used all possible means to conquer other janapadas.
• Mahapadma Nanda was another important ruler. He extended his control up to the North-West part of the sub-continent.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Answers the questions based on the given picture below.

(A) From which metal these bowls were made?
Answer:

These bowls are earthen pots made out of Painted Grey Ware.

(B) When were these bowls used?
Answer:

These bowls were used on special occasions, for important people, and to serve special food.

Question 2. Answers the questions based on the given picture

(A) Where is this fortification wall located?
Answer:

This fortification wall is located at Kaushambi.

(B) How many years ago a part of this wall was built?
Answer:

A part of this wall was probably built about 2500 years ago.

History Chapter 5 Kingdoms, Kings And An Early Republic Map Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Mark the following janapadas and mahajanapadas on the outline map of India.

1. Taxila
2. Ujjain
3. Vaishali
4. Hastinapura
5. Rajagriha
6. Champa

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. Do you notice any similarities between Indo-European languages?
Answer:

Yes, there are some similarities between the Indo-European languages. There are words that have similar sounds and the same meaning: Many words are similar among Indo-European languages including Hindi, Sanskrit, and English.

Examples are as follows

1. Sanskrit Vriksha (tree), Hindi Vriksh (tree), English Vegetation (plant life).
2. Sanskrit Surya (Sun), Hindi Suraj (Sun), English Solar (relating to the Sun).
3. Sanskrit Agni (fire), Hindi Aag (fire), English Ignite (to set on fire).

Question 2. List the languages you have heard about, and try to identify the families to which they belong.
Answer:

I have heard about languages used in the sub-continent. They belong to different families.

For instance, the language used in the North-East belongs to the Tibeto-Burman family. South Indian languages like Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam belong to the Dravidian family. The languages spoken in Jharkhand and parts of Central India belong to the Austro-Asiatic family.

Question 3. Do you think chariots were also important? Give
reasons for your answer. Read the verses and find out what are the modes of transport that are mentioned.
Answer:

• Yes, chariots were significant forms of transport in ancient times.
• In the verse, Vishvamitra, the sage, refers to his own arrival using chariots and carts. He requests the rivers not to rise above the axles of his chariots, suggesting that he and his companions trust the chariot for safe passage across the rivers.
• Chariots were not only used in battles but also served as vehicles for travel and transport, especially for individuals of higher social status or for ceremonial purposes.

Question 4. Look at Map 1 and list 5 rivers that are not mentioned in the Rigveda.
Answer:

The five rivers that are not mentioned in the Rigveda are

1. Narmada
2. Tapti
3. Mahanadi
4. Godavari
5. Krishna

Question 5. Read the previous section once more and see whether you can find out what the rajas did.
Answer:

In the Rigvedic period, rajas fought battles for land and water and to capture cattle and people.

The land was important for pasture and for growing crops. Water was needed for irrigation and daily usage. Owning a large number of cattle and dasas (whom they captured in the war) was a sign of the strength of the raja in the Rigvedic period.

Question 6. Do any of the names like Jana or Vish sound familiar?
Answer:

• The words Jana’ or ‘vish’ are familiar, which were used to describe people or the community as a whole. The word vaishya comes from vish.
• The word jana is still used in Hindi and other languages. Reference to Puru jana, Bharata jana, Yadu jana, or Vish jana are found in several texts.

Question 7. There were several things that people did to make megaliths. We have made a list here. Try and arrange them in the correct order.

1. Digging pits in the Earth,
2. Transporting stones
3. Breaking boulders
4. Placing stones in position
5. Finding suitable stone
6. Shaping stones
7. Burying the dead

Answer:

The correct order for making megaliths is as follows

1. Finding suitable stone
2. Breaking boulders
3. Shaping stones
4. Transporting stones
5. Digging pits in the Earth
6. Burying the dead
7. Placing stones in position

Question 8. Was iron used In the Harappan cities?
Answer:

Iron was not used in Harappan cities. Archaeological evidence mainly reveals copper and bronze tools. Iron was used prominently in later periods, during the Iron Age, after the decline of the Harappan Civilisation.

Question 9. Do you think (in the special burial at Inamgaon) this was the body of a chief? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

Yes, I think this was the body of a chief because, in Inamgaon, this man had a different type of burial from the rest of the people.

In the courtyard of a five-roomed house which was the centre of the settlement, one man was found buried in a large, four-legged clay jar. This was one of the largest houses in the area which also had a granary and the body was placed in a cross-legged position.

Question 10. Can we make out whether a skeleton was that of a man or a woman?
Answer:

• Yes, we can make out whether a skeleton was that of a man or a woman through modern studies.
• Sometimes people decide on the basis of what is found in the skeleton. For instance, if a skeleton is found with jewelry, it is sometimes thought to be that of a woman.
• However, there are problems with this, as men also wore ornaments like women.
• A better way of deciding the sex of a skeleton is to look at the bone structure. The hip or the pelvic area of women is generally larger to enable childbearing. These modern skeletal studies help us to determine correctly the sex of a skeleton.

Question 11. How do you think Charaka found out about the human body in such great detail?
Answer:

• Charaka would have learned about the human body through keen observation and practical experience. He studied patients, nature, and treatments over many years, and wrote his findings in the Charaka Samhita.
• Through careful examination, he understood the body’s functions, illnesses, and remedies, laying the foundation for Ayurveda. He stated that the human body has 360 bones. He arrived at this figure by counting the teeth, joints, and cartilage.

Question 12. Archaeologists have found seeds of wheat, barley, rice, pulses, millets, peas, and sesame. Bones of a number of animals, many bearing cut marks that show they may have been used as food, have also been found. These include cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, and mongoose, besides birds, crocodile, turtle, crab and fish. There is evidence that fruits such as ber, amla, jamun, dates, and a variety of berries were collected.

Use this evidence to list the possible occupations of the people at Inamgaon.

Answer:

From this evidence, some possible occupations of the people at Inamgaon can be inferred as follows

• Farming
• Herding
• Hunting
• Fishing

Question 13. You live in Inamgaon, 3000 years ago, and the chief has died last night. Today, your parents are preparing for the burial. Describe the scene, including how food is being prepared for the funeral. What do you think would be offered?

Answer:

1. In Inamgaon, our chief passed away. Today, my parents are getting things ready for the burial. They’re preparing food to give to the chief for his journey after life. They’re cooking grains like wheat, rice, and barley, and also meat from animals like goats, sheep, and dogs.
2. They’re picking fruits like ber and dates too, putting water in pots to give to the chief. Everyone in the village is sad, and we’re all gathering to say goodbye to the chief. We’re doing special things to honor him and help him in his journey to the next life.

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Exercises

Question 1. Match The Columns

Codes

• A  B  C  D  E

1. 3  4  2   5   1
2. 4  2  5   1   3
3. 5  2  3   1   4
4. 2  3  1   5   4

Answer: 1. 3 4 2 5 1

Question 2. Complete the sentences.

1. Slaves were used for
2. Megaliths are found in
3. Stone circles or boulders on the surface were used to
4. Port-holes were used for
5. People at Inamgaon ate

Answer:

1. doing work for their owners, who could make them do whatever work they wanted.
2. Deccan, North-East, South India and Kashmir.
3. indicate that there were burials beneath.
4. indication that the people belonging to the same family were buried in the same place.
5. barley, wheat, peas, pulses, rice, millets, sesame, fish and meat, ber, amla, jamun, dates, variety of berries, etc.

Question 3. In what ways are the books we read today different from the Rigveda?

Answer:

Books that we read today are different from Rigveda in the following ways

1. The books we use today are written and printed. But the Rigveda was memorized and recited by the students and passed on to later generations. The Rigveda was printed less than 200 years ago.
2. The Rigveda was composed in old or Vedic Sanskrit. This is different from the Sanskrit language which is learned by students today.

Question 4. What kind of evidence from burials do archaeologists use to find out whether there were social differences amongst those who were buried?

Answer:

• Archaeologists study things buried with skeletons to understand social differences. For example, some burials have many valuable items like gold beads, bangles, or shells, while others have only a few pots. This suggests that some were rich, maybe chiefs, while others were poor or followers.
• When more precious things are found in a skeleton, it shows that the person might have been of higher status. By looking at what’s buried with people, archaeologists learn about the different positions or importance people had in their society long ago.

Question 5. In what ways do you think that the life of a raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi?

Answer:

• I think the life of a raja was different from that of a dasa or dasi. In Rigvedic society, raja enjoyed the highest position among the priests. They fought a war to capture man and cattle, land and water.
• On the other hand, the dasa or dasi were in the lowest position in the society, they could not perform sacrifices and spoke different languages. They were captured in wars. They were treated as the property of their owner and had to do any kind of work their owner wanted.

Question 6. Find out whether your school library has a collection of books on religion, and list the names of five books from this collection.

Answer:

Yes, my school has a library and it also has a collection of books on religion.

The names of the books are

1. The Gita
2. The Quran
3. The Vishnu Purana
4. The Ramayana
5. The Mahabharata

Solution:

Question 7. Write down a short poem or song that you have memorized. Did you hear or read the poem or song? How did you learn it by heart?

Answer:

• I have memorized the “Vaishnav Jana to” poem. It was Mahatma Gandhi’s favorite devotional song.
• I heard this song in my school assembly. I could learn it by heart because it was sung every day and I was inspired by the meaning of the song.

Question 8. In the Rigveda, people were described in terms of the work they did and the languages they spoke.

In a table, fill in the names of six people you know, choosing three men and three women. For each of them, mention the work they do and the language they speak. Would you like to add anything else to the description?

Answer:

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. Which of the following is not a Veda?

1. Rigveda
2. Ayurveda
3. Samaveda
4. Yajurveda

Answer: 2. Ayurveda

Question 2. The Rigveda is composed in the form of

1. poetry
2. dialogues
3. hymns
4. stories

Answer: 2. dialogues

Question 3. There is a dialogue in the Rigveda between rivers Beas and Sutlej, and

1. Vaish
2. Vashist
3. Vyas
4. Vishvamitra

Answer: 4. Vishvamitra

Question 4. Which of the following was not an offering of sacrifice?

1. Plants
2. Animals
3. Humans
4. None of these

Answer: 4. None of these

Question 5. What is the feminine of dasa?

1. Dasi
2. Dasay
3. Dasasi
4. Dasyu

Answer: 1. Dasi

Question 6. were used for various kinds of work.

1. Carpenters
2. Farmers
3. Slaves
4. Labor

Answer: 3. Slaves

Question 7. The word means big stone.

1. chalcolithic
2. neolith
3. microlith
4. megalith

Answer: 4. megalith

Question 8. Horse equipment, axes, and a dagger were found from

1. Paleolithic age
2. Mesolithic age
3. Neolithic age
4. Megalithic burials

Answer: 4. Megalithic burials

Question 9. At which site did the archaeologists find 33 golden beads, 2 stone beads, and 4 copper bangles?

1. Hunsgi
2. Brahmagiri
3. Mehrgarh
4. Inamgaon

Answer: 2. Brahmagiri

Question 10. What were used for entering the burial places?

1. Surface-holes
2. Burial-holes
3. Port-holes
4. Stone-holes

Answer: 3. Port-holes

Question 11. Name the fruit not mentioned in the findings of Inamgaon.

1. Mango
2. Ber
3. Amla
4. Jamun

Answer: 1. Mango

Question 12. Sanskrit is a part of a family of languages which is known as

1. Indo-Dravidian
2. Indo-European
3. Indo-Russian
4. Indo-China

Answer: 2. Indo-European

Question 13. The language spoken in Jharkhand and parts of Central India belongs to which among the following families?

1. Austro-Asiatic family
2. Indo-European family
3. Tibeto-Burman family
4. Indo-Asiatic family

Answer: 1. Austro-Asiatic family

Question 14. The Vedic people are generally referred to as the

1. Brahmans
2. Aryas
3. Dasyu
4. Vaishyas

Answer: 2. Aryas

Question 15. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

1. The Atharvaveda is the oldest Veda.
2. Hymns were composed by sages.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Only 2

Question 16. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

1. Megaliths are found in the northeast only.
2. People at Inamgaon ate only fruits.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 4. None of these

Question 17. Arrange the following in chronological order.

1. The practice of erecting megaliths.
2. Manuscript of Rigveda found in Kashmir.
3. Composition of Rigveda.

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 2, 3, 1
3. 3, 2, 1
4. 1, 3, 2

Answer: 4. 1, 3, 2

Question 18. Arrange the following In chronological order.

1. Inamgaon
2. Charaka Samhita
3. The first evidence of writing in China

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 3, 2, 1
3. 3, 1, 2
4. 2, 3, 1

Answer: 3. 3, 1, 2

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Match the Following

Question 1.

Codes:

• A B C D

1. 4 3 1 2
2. 4 1 2 3
3. 1 3 4 5
4. 1 4 2 3

Answer: 1. 4 3 1 2

Question 2.

Codes

• A B C D

1. 3 4 2 1
2. 4 I 2 3
3. 1 3 4 2
4. 1 4 2 3

Answer: 1. 3 4 2 1

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) Battles were fought for water, land, and people.
Reason (R) The wealth was kept by leaders, priests, and people.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) There are two groups, the priest and the rajas, in Rigveda.

Reason (R) They were described on the basis of birth.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. Inamgaon is situated on the river ……. a tributary of the ……

Answer: Ghod, Bhima

Question 2. In a hymn in the Rigveda, ……. speaks to two rivers, ……. and ……. who were worshipped as Goddesses.

Answer: Vishvamitra, Beas, Sutlej

Question 3. The people who composed the hymns described themselves as ………

Answer: Aryas

Question 4. The manuscript of Rigveda, or birch bark, was found in Kashmir about …….. years ago.

Answer: 150

Question 5. Telugu belongs to

Answer: Dravidian family

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us True or False

Question 1. The dead were buried with distinctive pots, which are called Grey and Pink Ware.

Answer: False

Question 2. In Inamgaon, adults were generally buried in the ground, laid out straight, with the head towards the South.

Answer: False

Question 3. Yajnas were for kings and rulers.

Answer: False

Question 4. The practice of erecting megaliths began about 3000 years ago.

Answer: True

Question 5. Some megaliths contain more than one skeleton.

Answer: True

Question 6. Archaeologists found only a single and large stone boulder near a burial.

Answer: False

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Which type of megalith is shown in the image below?

1. Cist
2. Axes
3. Pot-Holes
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Cist

Question 2. The type of page from the manuscript of Rigveda given below was found in

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Delhi
3. Kashmir
4. Bihar

Answer: 3. Kashmir

Question 3. Answer the questions based on the picture given below.

(1) Which metal was used for the preparation of the above equipment?

Answer:

Iron metal was used for the preparation of the above equipment.

(2) What kind of equipment were found from burials?

Answer:

Megalithic equipment was found from burials.

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Case-Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow.

• Vishwamitra and Rivers
• Vishvamitra O rivers, come down from the mountains like two swift horses, like two shining cows that lick their calves. You move like chariots to the sea, through the power of Indra. You are full of water and wish to unite with one another.
• The rivers We, who are full of water, move along the path the Gods have made for us. Once we start flowing, we cannot be stopped. Why do you pray to us, o sage?
• Vishvamitra O sisters, please listen to me, the singer who has come from a distance with his chariots, and Let your waters not rise above our axles, so that we can cross safely.
• The rivers We will listen to your prayers so that you can cross safely.
• Historians point out that this hymn was composed in the area where these rivers flow. They also suggest that the sage lived in a society where horses and cows were valued animals. That is why the rivers are compared to horses and cows.
• Other rivers, especially the Indus and its other tributaries, and the Saraswati, are also named in the hymns. The Ganga and Yamuna are named only once.

1. Sage Vishvamitra was talking to which river/rivers?

1. Beas
2. Sutlej
3. Ravi
4. Both (1) and (2)

Answer: 4. Both (1) and (2)

2. In which Veda, the above dialogue was mentioned?

1. Rigveda
2. Samaveda
3. Yajurveda
4. Atharvaveda

Answer: 1. Rigveda

3. Indra, a warrior God is mentioned in which Veda?

1. Yajurveda
2. Samaveda
3. Atharvaveda
4. Rigveda

Answer: 4. Rigveda

4. Saraswati is the tributary of which river?

1. Beas
2. Sutlej
3. Ravi
4. Indus

Answer: 4. Indus

Question 2. Read the following passage and answer the questions that follow

• Archaeologists think that objects found with a skeleton probably belonged to the dead person. Sometimes, more objects are found in one grave than in another.
• In Brahmagiri, one skeleton was buried with 33 gold beads, 2 stone beads, 4 copper bangles, and one conch shell. Other skeletons have only a few pots.
• These finds suggest that there was some difference in status amongst the people who were buried. Some were rich, others poor, some chiefs, others followers.
• Sometimes, megaliths contain more than one skeleton. These indicate that people, perhaps belonging to the same family, were buried in the same place though not at the same time. The bodies of those who died later were brought into the grave through the portholes. Stone circles or boulders placed on the surface probably served as signposts to find the burial site, so that people could return to the same place whenever they wanted to.
• It is a site on the river Ghod, a tributary of the Bhima. It was occupied between 3600 and 2700 years ago. Here, adults were generally buried in the ground, laid out straight, with the head towards the North. Sometimes burials were within the houses. Vessels that probably contained food and water were placed with the dead.

1. Where was the special burial found?
Answer:

The special burial was found at Inamgaon.

2. What type of things were kept inside the burial?
Answer:

The things that were kept inside the burial were different pots, tools and weapons, skeletons of horses, equipment, and ornaments.

3. How was the body of one special burial placed at Inamgaon?
Answer:

The body of one special burial at Inamgaon was placed in a cross-legged position.

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. How many Vedas are there?
Answer:

There are four Vedas, namely Rigveda, Samaveda, Yajurveda, and Atharvaveda.

Question 2. When was the Rigveda composed?
Answer:

The oldest Veda is the Rigveda, composed about 3500 years ago.

Question 3. Mention three important Rigvedic Gods.
Answer:

The three important Rigvedic Gods are

1. Agni – The God of fire
2. Indra – A warrior God
3. Soma- A plant from which the special drink is prepared

Question 4. When did the earliest texts of the Rigveda get printed?
Answer:

The earliest texts of the Rigveda were first printed less than 200 years ago.

Question 5. Who were slaves in the Rigvedic period?
Answer:

In the Rigvedic period, slaves were women and men who were often captured in war. They were treated as the property of their owners, who could make them do whatever work they wanted.

Question 6. Name some of the rivers mentioned In the Rlgveda.
Answer:

The rivers mentioned in the Rigveda are Reas, Sutlej, and Indus.

Question 7. Where was the manuscript of Rlgveda found?
Answer:

The manuscript of the Rigveda was found in Kashmir.

Question 8. Write about the importance of horses during the Rlgvedlc period.
Answer:

During the Rigvedic period, horses held immense importance. They were important for transportation, particularly in chariots and carts.

Question 9. Where are the earliest printed texts of the Rigveda preserved?
Answer:

The earliest printed texts of the Rigveda are preserved in a library in Pune, Maharashtra.

Question 10. What do you understand by Yajnas?
Answer:

Yajnas were sacrificed in offerings were made into the fire. These were meant for Gods and Goddesses.

Question 11. Which two groups were described in terms of their Work?
Answer:

Brahmins and rajas were the two groups who were described in terms of their work.

Question 12. Who were dasas?
Answer:

Dasas or Dasyus were people who did not perform sacrifices, probably spoke different languages, and were recognized as slaves.

Question 13. What are megaliths?
Answer:

The big stones or the stone boulders are known as megaliths which were carefully arranged by people and were used to mark burial sites.

Question 14. Describe the Dravidian language family.
Answer:

The languages spoken in the Southern part of India such as Tamil, Telugu, Kannada, and Malayalam belong to the Dravidian family.

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Write a short note on the oldest book written.
Answer:

• The Rigveda is the oldest written book, composed about 3500 years ago. It includes more than a thousand hymns called sukta or ‘well-said’. These hymns are in praise of various Gods and Goddesses.
• The Rigveda is in old or Vedic Sanskrit, The Rigveda was recited and heard rather than read. Rigveda was written many centuries after it was composed and printed less than 200 years ago.

Question 2. Who composed hymns of the Rigveda and what are its characteristics?
Answer:

The hymns in Rigveda were composed by sages (rishis). Priests taught students to recite and memorize these carefully.

Most of the hymns were composed, taught, and learned by men and some were composed by women.

• Some of the characteristics of these hymns are the ‘ hymns are sung in praise of various Gods and Goddesses.
• Some of the hymns in the Rigveda are in the form of dialogues. For example, there is a dialogue between a sage named Vishvamitra and two rivers (Beas and Sutlej) that were worshipped as Goddesses.

Question 3. Why were battles fought in the Rigvedic period?
Answer:

Battles were fought in the Rigvedic period for various reasons

• For the land which was important for pasture and for growing hardy crops that ripened quickly, such as barley.
• For water and to capture people and cattle.
• To obtain wealth which was distributed among leaders and ordinary people. Wealth was also used to perform sacrifices.

Question 4. List some of the common features of all the burials.

Answer:

Some of the common features of all the burials

• The dead were buried with distinctive pots, which are called Black and Red Ware.
• Moreover, tools and weapons of iron and sometimes, skeletons of horses, horse equipment, and ornaments of stone and gold are found in these burials.

Question 5. How did the people of Inamgaon bury dead people?

Answer:

The people of Inamgaon buried dead people in the following ways

•  In Inamgaon, adults were generally buried in the ground, laid out straight, with the head towards the North.
•  Some burials were within the houses, and vessels that probably contained food and water were placed with the dead.
• A man was found buried in a large, four-legged clay jar in the courtyard of a five-roomed house on this site. The body was placed in a cross-legged position.

Question 6. What did the people at Inamgaon eat?
Answer:

• The people at Inamgaon ate grains like barley, wheat, rice, pulses, millet, peas, and sesame. Bones of a number of animals, many bearing cut marks that show that animals may have been used as food, have also been found.
• These include cattle, buffalo, goat, sheep, dog, horse, ass, pig, sambhar, spotted deer, blackbuck, antelope, hare, and mongoose, besides birds, crocodile, turtle, crab and fish.
• There is evidence that fruits such as her, amla, jamun, dates, and a variety of berries were collected by the people.

Question 7. Who was Charaka? Discuss his contribution to the respective field.
Answer:

• Charaka was a famous ancient Indian physician.
• He wrote a book on medicine known as the ‘ Charaka Samhita.
• In his book, he stated that the human body has 360 bones. This is a much larger number than the 200 bones that are recognized in modern anatomy.
• He arrived at this figure by counting the teeth, joints, and cartilage. His book is still a reference source for Ayurvedic medicines.

History Chapter 4 What Books And Burials Tell Us Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Different criteria like occupation, language, etc. were used to describe people. How are people described in the Rigveda?

Answer:

People are described in the Rigveda in the following ways

• In the Rigveda, there are two groups who are described in terms of their work the priests, sometimes called Brahmins, who performed various rituals, and the rajas. At that time, rajas did not have capital cities, palaces, or armies, nor did they collect taxes. Generally, sons did not automatically succeed fathers as rajas.
• To describe the people or the community as a whole, the words- ‘jana’ and ‘vish’ were used. Several Vish organs are mentioned, for example, the Puru jana or vish, the Bharata Jana or Vish, the Yadu Jana or Vish, etc.
• The people who composed the hymns described themselves as Aryas and called their opponents as Dasas or Dasyus.

Question 2. What does Rigveda tell us about cattle, horses, and chariots? Explain.

Answer:

1. In the Rigveda, there are many prayers for cattle, children (especially sons), and horses. Horses were used to pull chariots in battles that were fought to capture cattle.
2. Battles or wars were also fought for land, water, and to capture people. The land was important for pasture and for growing hardy crops like barley that ripened quickly. Most of the men took part in these wars.
3. They discussed war and peace in assemblies and also chose brave and skillful warriors as their leaders.
4. Some of the wealth captured in the battles was kept by the leaders, some was given to the priests and the rest was distributed amongst the people. Some wealth was used for the performing yajnas or sacrifices in which offerings were made into the fire.

Question 3. There were the silent sentinels behind the story of the megaliths. Explain about megaliths.

Answer:

• The big stones or the stone boulders are known as megaliths, which were used to mark burial sites.
• The practice of building megaliths began about 3000 years ago. It was prevalent throughout the Deccan, South India, in the North-East and Kashmir.
• Some of the megaliths were built on the surface, and some were underground. Sometimes, archaeologists find a circle of stone boulders or a single large stone standing on the ground. They indicate the burials under the ground.
• All the burials have some common features. Generally, the dead were buried in different pots, which are called Black and Red Ware. Sometimes tools and weapons of iron, skeletons of horses, horse equipment, and ornaments of stone and gold are also found in the graves.

Question 4. Were certain burial spots reserved for particular families? Explain.

Answer:

• Yes, certain burial spots were reserved for particular families. It is clearly evident that several megaliths contained more than one skeleton.
• These indicate that people, perhaps belonging to the same family, were buried in the same place though not at the same time.
• The bodies of those who died later were brought into the grave through the portholes. Stone circles or boulders placed on the surface served as signposts to find the burial site, so that people could return to the same place whenever they wanted to.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. Very often, old buildings are pulled down to make way for new construction. Do you think it Is important to preserve old buildings?

Answer:

Yes, it is important to preserve old buildings because old buildings always tell the stories of the past and how people lived at that time.

Question 2. List at least two differences between the houses described in this chapter and those that you studied in

Answer:

The two differences between the houses are

Question 3. Make a list of the people who lived In the city. Were any of these people listed as living in villages such as Mehrgarh?

Answer:

The people who lived in a Harappan city were

Rulers

Traders

Scribes

Craftspersons

No, the people who lived in the city were not found in villages such as Mehrgarh. In Mehrgarh, there were farmers, herders and probably leaders of the tribes.

Question 4. Was metal used In the villages you learnt about?

Answer:

No, there was no use of metals in the villages described. People made tools with stone, wood and bone.

Question 5. Was stone used to make weights?

Answer:

Yes, a special kind of stone known as chert was used as weight.

Question 6. Can you suggest what modes of transport were used by the Harappans?

Answer:

Carts were the modes of transport used by the Harappans as the toy models of carts have been found in the city.

Question 7. Did you come across illustrations of wheeled vehicles in earlier lessons?

Answer:

No, there is no illustration of wheeled vehicles in earlier lessons.

Question 8. Seals are used even today. Find out what they are used for.

Answer:

Seals are used in modern times for verification and security purposes. They’re used to validate documents, packages, or products, indicating authenticity, ownership, or authority.

For instance, birth certificates, passports, and various permits often bear an official government seal to signify authenticity.

Question 9. You are travelling with your parents, about 4000 years ago, from Lothal to Mohenjodaro. Describe how you would travel, what your parents might carry with them, and what you would see in Mohenjodaro.

Answer:

1. We would travel on foot and maybe use carts pulled by animals, like oxen.
2. My parents would carry food, water, and some tools for our journey.
3. In Mohenjodaro, we would see the Great Bath, ‘citadel* where important people lived, ‘[‘here would be houses with flat roots and narrow streets.
4. They might have wells and baths too. We might see a marketplace hustling with people selling pottery, jewellery and food. It would be exciting to see how they made things and how different their city was from our city Lothal.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Exercises

Question 1. How do archaeologists know that cloth was used in the Harappan Civilisation?

Answer:

Archaeologists know that people in the Harappan civilisation used cloth because they found pieces of cloth attached to the lid of a silver vase. Spindle whorls have been found which were used to spin thread. moreover, a stone statue of a man wearing an embroidered garment was found in Mohenjodaro.

Question 2. Match The Following

Codes

1. 3  4   2   1
2. 1  4   3   2
3. 4  2   1   3
4. 3  2   1   4

Question 3. Why were metals, writing, the wheel and the plough important for the Harappans?

Answer:

• Metals, writing, the wheel and the plough were important for the Harappans as
• Metals Metals like copper and bronze were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Gold and silver were used to make ornaments and vessels.
• Writing There were scribes, people who knew how to write. They helped to prepare meals, kept a record and wrote on materials that had not survived.
• Wheel It played a great role in the life of Harappans.
  For example, people could travel long distances easily and goods were carried easily from one place to another.
• Plough It was used to dig the Earth for turning the soil and planting seeds.

Question 4. Make a list of all the terracotta toys shown in the lesson. Which do you think children would have enjoyed playing with most?

Answer:

• Terracotta toys shown in the lesson included
• Bull Carts Small carts with wheels pulled by bulls.
• Animal Figures Various animals like elephants, monkeys and camels.
• Miniature Pots Tiny pots or vessels.
• Children might have enjoyed playing with animal figures the most. These figures could have been fun for kids to make stories about or play imaginative games, like pretending the animals were going on adventures.

Question 5.  Make a list of what Harappans mark against the things you eat today.

Answer:

The following food items were eaten by Harappans

Yes, today we eat all these items in different forms.

Question 6. Do you think that the life of farmers and herders who supplied food to the Harappan cities was different from that of the farmers and herders you read about in Chapter 2? Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

• Yes, the life of the Harappan farmers and herders was different from the farmers and herders, because of the following reasons
• Harappan farmers stored their food in granaries. However, the people in the Neolithic ages stored in clay pots, baskets or pits in the ground.
• Harappan farmers irrigated their fields with flood waters. Fields were mostly near rivers or other water sources. However, the people of the Neolithic age were unaware of this method.
• Harappan farmers lived in the outer area of the city. Basically, they lived in the countryside to grow crops. However, there were no settled cities at the time of the Neolithic age.

Question 7. Describe three important buildings in your city or village. Are they located in a special part of the settlement (For example the centre)?

What are the activities that take place in these buildings?

Answer:

The three important buildings in my city (Delhi) are

1. Rashtrapati Bhavan It is the official residence of the President of India.
2.  Parliament House In this house, elected Members of Parliament (MPs) meet and discuss all the important issues regarding the country.
3. Supreme Court It is the highest court of our country where all the major cases are decided.
4. All these are located in important areas of our National Capital.

Question 8. Are there any old buildings in your locality? Find out how old they are and who looks after them.

Answer:

There are a lot of old buildings near my locality. One of them is Red Fort. It was built by Shah Jahan in 1648.

The Archaeological Survey of India is responsible for the sitesoHndia ° ancient monuments and archaeological

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. How old the Harappa civilisation is?

1. About 4000 years old
2. About 3000 years old
3. About 4700 years old
4. About 5500 years old

Answer: 3. About 4700 years old

Question 2. Harappan civilisation came to be known for the first time while railway lines were being laid in which of the following states?

1. Uttar Pradesh
2. Rajasthan
3. Gujarat
4. Punjab

Answer: 4. Punjab

Question 3. When was the first city of Harappa discovered by the archaeologists?

1. About 80 years ago
2. About 150 years ago
3. About 50 years ago
4. About 100 years ago

Answer: 1. About 80 years ago

Question 4. The Great Bath is a part of

1. Mohenjodaro
2. Lothal
3. Dholavira
4. Kalibangan

Answer: 1. Mohenjodaro

Question 5. Which of the following cities had no elaborate storehouses?

1. Mohenjodaro
2. Harappa
3. Lothal
4. Kalibangan

Answer: 4. Kalibangan

Question 6. Name the place where rulers generally lived.

1. Lower town
2. Citadel
3. Middle town
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Citadel

Question 7. The people who knew how to write were known as

1. writers
2. scribes
3. editors
4. authors

Answer: 2. scribes

Question 8. Stone weights were made of a kind of stone known as

1. white stone
2. polished stone
3. chert
4. shells

Answer: 3. chert

Question 9. Where was the cotton grown about 7000 years ago?

1. Lothal
2. Dholavira
3. Kalibangan
4. Mehrgarh

Answer: 4. Mehrgarh

Question 10. The pieces of actual cloth were found at

1. Mehrgarh
2. Kalibangan
3. Kurnool caves
4. Mohenjodaro

Answer: 4. Mohenjodaro

Question 11. Which of the following raw materials were brought from distant places?

1. Faience
2. Tin
3. Copper and tin
4. Cotton

Answer: 3. Copper and tin

Question 12. Harappans got copper from which of the following places?

1. Rajasthan
2. Kerala
3. Jammu and Kashmir
4. Uttar Pradesh

Answer: 1. Rajasthan

Question 13. Tin was mixed to produce bronze.

1. aluminium
2. gold
3. copper
4. Silver

Answer: 3. copper

Question 14. Harappans collected which of the following fruits?

1. Mango
2. Ber
3. Apple
4. Banana

Answer: 2. Ber

Question 15. The city of Lothal was located on the bank of a tributary of which river?

1. Ganga
2. Yamuna
3. Saraswati
4. Sabarmati

Answer: 4. Sabarmati

Question 16. Which of the following reasons was not mentioned for the decline of Harappan Civilisation?

1. Flood
2. Deforestation
3. Rivers dried
4. Population decline

Answer: 4. Population decline

Question 17. Read the following statements and choose the correct option.

1. The craftspersons of Harappa include only men.
2. Copper and bronze were used to make ornaments, weapons and vessels.

Codes

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Only 2

Question 18. Arrange the following according to chronological order.

1. Cotton cultivation at Mehrgarh.
2. Beginning of cities
3. Emergence of other cities

Codes

1. 1, 2, 3
2. 3, 2, 1
3. 2, 3, 1
4. 1, 3, 2

Answer: 1. 1, 2, 3

Question 19. Arrange the following places from the North-South direction.

1. Lothal
2. Mohenjodaro
3. Harappa
4. Kalibangan

Codes:

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 2, 1, 3, 4
3. 3, 2, 1, 4
4. 3, 4, 2, 1

Answer: 4. 3, 4, 2, 1

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Match the Following

•  A   B   C   D

1.  2   3   1    4
2.  2   4    1   3
3. 3    2    1   4
4.  4   2    1   3

Answer: 1.  2 3 1  4

Question 2.

Codes

•   A   B   C   D

1.   1   2    3    4
2.   2   3    1    4
3.   4   3    2    1
4.   3   2    1   4

Answer: 2.  2   3 1 4

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) The drains of Harappa were covered and cleaned regularly.

Reason (R) The drains were laid out in straight lines and also drain had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it.

Codes

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer:

Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) Water and pastures were available around the Harappan settlements as Harappans reared cattle, sheep, goats and buffalo.

Reason (R) Harappan cities developed around 4700 years ago.

Codes:

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
2. Both A and R are true, but R Is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer:

Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Fill In The Blanks

Question 1. The ……. is the earliest city discovered in India.
Answer: Harappa

Question 2. The surplus grain was stored in ……..
Answer: granary

Question 3. The Great Bath was made of ……..
Answer: Burnt bricks

Question 4. The signs on the top of the seal are part of a……..
Answer: Script

Question 5. …. and ……. were available around settlements.
Answer: Water, pastures

Question 6.  ………. was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell and metal.
Answer: Lothal

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities True/False

Question 1. To date, no concrete reasons have been found for the decline of Harappan cities.

Answer: True

Question2. Mohenjodaro had a large open area for public ceremonies.

Answer: False

Question 3. Most of the houses in Harappa had a separate bathing area.

Answer: True

Question 4. Cotton was probably grown around 7000 years ago in Lothal.

Answer: False

Question 5. The Harappans probably got copper from present-day Rajasthan and even from Oman in West Asia

Answer: True

Question 6. Harappans collected fruits like apples, caught fish and hunted wild animals like the antelope.

Answer: False

Question 7. The Harappan towns in the state of Gujarat have been found in Dholavira and Lothal.

Answer: True

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

This well was found at which place?

1. Harappa
2. Mohenjodaro
3. Kalibangan
4. Lothal

Answer: 2. Mohenjodaro

Question 2. Look at the picture given below and answer the questions that follow.

What does the image above depict?

1. Terracotta toys of Mohenjodaro
2. Harappan toy
3. Lothal dockyard
4. Harappan seal

Answer: 4. Harappan seal

Question 3. Answer the questions based on the given picture

Question. What does the above picture represent?
Answer:

The above picture represents the Great Bath.

Question. How was this constructed?
Answer:

It was constructed with bricks and coated with plaster.

Question. This was discovered from which site?
Answer:

This was discovered in the city of Mohenjodaro.

Question. Write any two features of the above picture.
Answer:

The two features were

1. There were steps leading down to the bottom.
2. Water was drained out after use.

Question 4. Answer the questions based cube picture given below.

Question. What is being depicted in the image?
Answer:

The above picture depicted beads and jewellery.

Question. The picture shown above is made up of which material?
Answer:

The jewellery shown in the image was made up of carnelian, a beautiful red stone.

Question. Why there were holes in the middle of each bead?
Answer:

A hole was made in the centre so that a string could be passed through it.

Question 5. Look at the picture given below and answer the questions.

Question. Which type of weights are shown in the picture?
Answer:

The picture shows stone weights.

Question. They were made from which type of stone?
Answer:

They were made of chert stone.

Question. Mention their use in the past.
Answer:

They were used to weigh precious stones or metals.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Case-Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

• Many of the things that were produced were probably the work of specialists. A specialist is a person who is trained to do only one kind of work, for example, cutting stones, polishing beads, or carving seals.
• Not everybody could have been a specialist. We do not know whether only men were specialists or only women were specialists. Perhaps some women and men may have been specialists.
• Raw materials are substances that are either found naturally (such as wood, or ores of metals) produced by farmers or herders. These are then processed to produce finished goods. For example, cotton, produced by farmers, is a raw material that may be processed to make cloth.
• While some of the raw materials that the Harappans used were available locally, many items such as copper, tin, gold, silver and precious stones had to be brought from distant places.
• “The Harappans probably got copper from present-day Rajasthan, and even from Oman in West Asia. Tin, which was mixed with copper to produce bronze, may have been brought from present-day Afghanistan and Iran.
• Gold could have come all the way from present-day Karnataka, and precious stones from present-day Gujarat, Iran and Afghanistan.”

1. The objects found by archaeologists in Harappan sites were made of

1. copper
2. Bronze
3. gold
4. All Of These

Answer: 4. All Of These

2. Which of the following is not a feature of Harappan cities?

1. The Western part was usually bigger and higher.
2. The Eastern part was generally larger but lower.
3. The cities are known as Harappan Civilisation.
4. Mohenjodaro was an important city of Harappa.

Answer: 1. The Western part was usually bigger and higher.

3.  Which metal was brought from Karnataka?

1. Bronze
2. Tin
3. Copper
4. Gold

Answer: 4. Gold

4. Which work Harappan specialist didn’t specialise in?

1. Cutting stone
2. Polishing Beads
3. Carving seals
4. Making Toys

Answer: 4. Making Toys

Question 2. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions.

• The city of Dholavira was located on Khadir Beyt (also spelt as Bet) in the Rann of Kutch, where there was fresh water and fertile soil. Unlike some of the other Harappan cities, which were divided into two parts, Dholavira was divided into three parts, and each part was surrounded by massive stone walls, with entrances through gateways.
• There was also a large open area in the settlement, where public ceremonies could be held. Other finds include large letters of the Harappan script that were carved out of white stone and perhaps inlaid in wood. This is a unique find as generally Harappan writing has been found on small objects such as seals.
• The city of Lothal stood beside a tributary of the Sabarmati in Gujarat, close to the Gulf of Khambat. It was situated near areas where raw materials such as semi-precious stones were easily available. This was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell and metal. There was also a storehouse in the city.
• Many seals and sealings (the impression of seals on clay) were found in this storehouse.

1. In how many parts Dholavira was divided?
Answer:

Dholavira was divided into three parts i.e. citadel, the lower town and a large open area for public ceremonies.

2. Why was Lothal City famous?
Answer:

Lothal city was famous for making objects of stone, shell and metal.

3. Who were the craftspersons?
Answer:

Men and women were the craftspersons who made all kinds of things, either in their own homes or in special workshops.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Name the earliest city discovered in India.
Answer:

Harappa was the first city to be discovered in India.

Question 2. How many divisions were there in Harappan cities? Name them.
Answer:

There were two or three divisions of Harappan cities. One is called Citadel and the other is called Lower Town.

Question 3. In which cities, the sacrifices have been performed?
Answer:

In the cities ofKalibangan and Lothal, the sacrifices may have been performed.

Question 4. Name two cities which had fire altars.
Answer:

Lothal and Kalibangan had fire altars.

Question 5. Why did the rulers send people to distant lands?
Answer:

The rulers sent people to distant lands to get metals, precious stones and other things that they wanted.

Question 6. What was the evidence of embroidered garments?
Answer:

The evidence of the embroidered garment is a stone statue of an important man found in Mohenjodaro.

Question 7. Which material was used to make bangles and earrings?
Answer:

Faience was used to make bangles and earrings.

Question 8. Who is a specialist?
Answer:

A person who is trained to do only one kind of work is called a specialist.

Question 9. What were the raw materials available to the Harappans locally?
Answer:

Some of the raw materials available to the Harappans locally were copper, tin, gold and silver.

Question 10. Which commodity was traded between Harappans and West Asia?
Answer:

Copper was traded between Harappans and West Asia.

Question 11. Why did the Egyptian kings send armies to distant lands?
Answer:

The Egyptian kings sent armies to distant lands to get gold, silver, ivory, timber and precious stones.

Question 12. To whom did the farmers and herders supply their own produced food?
Answer:

The farmers and herders supplied their food to craftspersons, scribes and rulers in the cities.

Question 13. What were the grains produced by the Harappans?
Answer:

Wheat, barley, pulses, peas, rice, sesame, linseed and mustard were the grains produced by the Harappans.

Question 14. How was the irrigation done in Harappan sites?
Answer:

For irrigation in Harappan sites, the water was stored and supplied to the fields when the plants were growing.

Question 15. Where was the evidence of dockyards found in Harappan cities?
Answer:

The evidence of a dockyard has been found in Lothal, Gujarat, where a huge tank may have been present, at which place the boats and ships came from the sea and through the river channel.

Question 16. Name four excavation sites of the Harappan civilisation.
Answer:

Dholavira, Lothal, Mohenjodara and Harrapan are the excavation sites of the Harappan civilisation.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. How were the Harappan cities divided?
Answer:

Many of the Harappan cities were divided into two or more parts. These were

The part to the West was smaller but higher, and the archaeologists described this as the citadel. The most important buildings were located on the citadel.

The part to the East was larger but lower, known as the lower town. All houses were constructed in the lower town. This was the residential area of common people.

Question 2. Describe the architectural features and the rituals offered in the Great Bath.
Answer:

The architectural features of the Great Bath are

• It is a special tank, which was lined with bricks, coated with plaster and made water-tight with a layer of natural tar.
• There were steps leading down to it from two sides, while there were rooms on all sides.
• Water was probably brought in from a well and drained out after use.
• The ritual offered in Great Bath was that people took a dip in the tank on special occasions.

Question 3. How was the housing pattern of Harappans?
Answer:

• In Harappan civilisation, usually houses were either one or two storeys high, with rooms built around a courtyard.
• Most houses had a separate bathing area and some had wells to supply water. Apart from these, Harappa had elaborated storehouses.

Question 4. Discuss the drainage system of Harappan cities.
Answer:

The drainage system of Harappan cities had the following features

• It was covered and laid out in straight lines.
• Each drainage had a gentle slope so that water could flow through it.
• The drains of houses were connected to the streets and smaller drains led to bigger drains.
• Inspection holes were provided on the drain cover for regular cleaning.

Question 5. What was the role of rulers in the Harappan cities?
Answer:

• In Harappan cities, the role of the ruler was to plan the construction of special buildings in the city. Rulers sent people to distant lands to get metal, precious stones and other things that they wanted.
• It is assumed that they may have kept the most valuable objects, such as ornaments of gold and silver, or beautiful beads, for themselves.

Question 6. How were the seals used in Harappa?
Answer:

• In Harappa, seals may have been used to stamp bags or packets containing goods that were sent from one place to another.
• After a bag was closed or tied, a layer of wet clay was applied on the knot and the seal was pressed on it. The impression of the seal is known as a sealing.

Question 7. Describe the lifestyle of the Harappan people.
Answer:

• The Harappan people had a busy lifestyle. They lived in well-planned cities with houses made of bricks. People were skilled in farming, trading goods like pottery and jewellery and making tools.
• They used weights for trade and had their own script that’s still a mystery. They wore colourful clothes and jewellery.
• The city had open areas for public ceremonies and an efficient drainage system. Overall, Harappans were skilled, lived in organised cities, and had a vibrant life filled with different activities.

Question 8. Describe the craftworks of the Harappans.
Answer:

The craftworks of the Harappans were as follows

• Crafts in Harappa were made of stone, shell and metal, including copper, bronze, gold and silver.
• Copper, bronze, silver and gold were used to make tools, weapons, ornaments and vessels. Apart from these artefacts, beads, weights and blades were also made.

Question 9. What was Faience? For what it was used?
Answer:

1. Faience was the material that was produced artificially. A gum was used to shape sand and powdered quartz into an object.
2. The objects were then glazed, resulting in a shiny, glassy surface. The colours of the glaze were usually blue or sea green.
3. Faience was used to make beads, bangles, earrings and tiny vessels.

Question 10. How was the location of the Lothal city important?
Answer:

• The city of Lothal was located on the bank of a tributary of the Sabarmati River in Gujarat, close to the Gulf of Khambat.
• Lothal city was an important centre for making objects out of stone, shell and metal. It was situated near areas where raw materials such as semi-precious stones were easily available.
• The pieces of stone, half-made beads, tools for bead making, and finished beads have been found here which suggests that there was a workshop for making beads in Lothal.

Question 11. What signs or events marked the decline of the Harappan Civilisation?
Answer:

The following signs or events marked the decline of the Harappan Civilisation

• Around 3900 years ago, people stopped living in many of the cities and the writing, seals and weights were no longer used.
• The buying of raw materials from long distances was reduced.
• In Mohenjodaro garbage piled up on the streets, the drainage system broke down and new houses were built, even over the streets.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Describe the characteristics and purpose of the seals used during that time.
Answer:

• The characteristics of the seals used during that time were as follows
• The Harappans made seals out of stone. They were generally rectangular and usually had an animal carved on them.
• Seals were made by a specialist. Harappan writing has been found on seals. Many seals and sealings (the impression of seals on clay) were found in this storehouse of Lothal.
• Seals may have been used to stamp bags or packets containing goods that were sent from one place to another. After a bag was closed or tied, a layer of wet clay was applied to the knot, and the seal was pressed on it. The impression of the seal is known as a sealing.

Question 2. What are raw materials? What were the key locations from which the Harappans obtained their raw materials?
Answer:

Raw materials are those substances that are processed to produce finished goods. They are either found naturally (such as wood, or ores of metals) or produced by farmers or herders.

Some of the raw materials used by the Harappans were locally available but other materials were obtained from the following locations

1. The Harappans probably got copper from present-day Rajasthan and Oman in West Asia.
2. Tin, which was mixed with copper to produce bronze, may have been brought from present-day Afghanistan and Iran.
3. Gold could have been brought from present-day Karnataka and precious stones were obtained from present-day Gujarat, Iran and Afghanistan.

Question 3. What were the various groups of people in the Harappan cities?
Answer:

The various groups of people in the Harappan cities were as follows

1. There were rulers who planned the construction of special buildings in the city. Most probably they resided in the citadel, the upper town. They made important decisions for the town.
2.  Scribes were the people who knew how to write. They helped prepare the seals and wrote on other materials also.
3. There were craftspersons including men and women. They made all kinds of things either in their own homes or in special workshops.
4. There were travellers who travelled to distant lands and brought with them raw materials and stories.

Question 4. Describe the key archaeological findings at Dholavira and Lothal.
Answer:

The main findings at Dholavira include the following

• Dholavira was divided into three parts, and each part was surrounded by massive stone walls, with entrances through gateways.
• There was also a large open area in the settlement, where public ceremonies could be held.
• The large letters of the Harappan script that were carved out of white stoneware were found here.

The main findings at Lothal include the following

1. This site was an important centre for making objects from stone, shell and metal. Raw materials such as semi-precious stones were easily available here.
2. There was also a storehouse in this city where many seals and sealings (the impression of seals on clay) were found.
3. The pieces of stone, half-made beads, tools for bead making, and finished beads have been found here which suggests that there was a workshop for making beads in Lothal.

Question 5. What could be the probable reasons as suggested by the archaeologists for the end of Harappa? Justify, if these reasons explain the end of all the cities.
Answer:

The probable reasons as suggested by the archaeologists for the end of Harappa

•  The rivers dried up and there was deforestation because a large quantity of fuel was required for baking bricks and for smelting copper ores.
•  Grazing by large herds of cattle, sheep and goats may have destroyed the green cover, while there were floods in some areas.
• However, these reasons do not explain the end of all the cities, because the flooding or drying of a river would have had an effect only in some areas.
• It appears that the rulers had lost control over the cities. The sites in Sind and West Punjab (present-day Pakistan) were abandoned, while many people moved into newer, smaller settlements to the East and the South. New cities emerged about 1400 years later.

History Chapter 3 In The Earliest Cities Map Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Show the following cities on the outline map of India.

1. Rakhi Garhi
2. Sotkakoh
3. Kalibangan
4. Mohenjodaro
5. Lothal

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Social Science Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food

NCERT Question And Answers

Question 1. What do we use fire for today?
Answer:

Today, we use fire for the following purposes

1. to cook food.
2. as a source of light.
3.  as a source of heat in the winter season.
4. to generate heat in industries, mills, etc.

Question 2. What do you think the term Neolithic means?
Answer:

The term Neolithic means a New Stone Age as new advanced tools were built during this period. It began about 10,000 years ago.

Question 3. Can you think of any reasons why the dog was perhaps the first animal to be tamed?
Answer:

The following could be the possible reasons that the dog was the first animal to be tamed

• Dogs could help the earliest people in hunting.
• They could help in providing safety and security to humans and their food from wild animals.
• These were more loyal as compared to other wild animals.
• Under extreme weather conditions, dogs could be eaten as food.

Question 4. Look at these two sets of teeth. Which do you think belongs to a wild pig and which to a domesticated one?

Answer:

• The set on the right should be of the wild pig because of its large size and sharp teeth used to hunt and tear meat. They have to grind up tough food.
• The smaller set of teeth is of a domesticated pig. They don’t need sharp teeth as they are provided with fodder. They don’t need to hunt.

Question 5. Do you think hunter-gatherers would have made and used pots? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

• I think hunter-gatherers would not have made and used pots because they were food gatherers, not food producers. They did not store any food.
• They did not have large quantities of grains as a produce from agriculture. They did not make or use any pot or basket to store grains.

Question 6. Apart from food, what are the other things that could have been obtained from animals? What are animals used for today?
Answer:

• Apart from food, animals provide us with the following valuable resources
• Clothing and Textiles Animals like sheep, goats and camels provide us with wool, fur and leather, which are used for making clothes and shoes.
• Transportation In the past, animals like horses, camels and elephants were widely used for transportation and carrying goods. Even today, animals play a crucial role in transportation in many rural areas.

Question 7. You lived in a rock shelter about 12,000 years ago. Your uncle is painting one of the inner walls of the cave and you want to help him. Will you mix the colours, draw the lines, and fill in the colours? What are the stories he might tell you?
Answer:

• As a young kid living in a rock shelter 12,000 years ago, I would eagerly help my uncle to paint the cave walls.
• I would mix the colours using natural colours around me, and charcoal. Together, we would fill the colours, and decorate our home which is caves.
• My uncle would share stories of our ancestors, of their bravery in hunting, and their deep connection to nature. He would paint scenes of hunts and celebrations.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Exercises

Question 1. Complete the sentences.

1. Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because
2. Grasslands developed around years ago.

Answer:

1.  they wanted to protect themselves from wild animals and bad weather.
2. 12,000

Question 2. Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
Answer:

• People who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time because the crops take time to grow and require proper maintenance.
• It requires constant watering, weeding and driving away animals and birds until the grain fully grows. Then, the grain has to be used carefully.

Question 3. Why do archaeologists think that many people who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and that herding became more important later?
Answer:

• Archaeologists think that the people of Mehrgarh were hunters first because of the following evidence found
• The presence of animal bones of hunted animals in the lower levels of the Mehrgarh site. These bones include deer, pig and gazelle.
• The presence of domesticated animal bones in the upper levels of the Mehrgarh site. Domesticated animal bones, such as sheep, goats and cattle, only appear in the upper levels of the site.

Question 4. Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place? In what ways are these similar to/different from the reasons for which we travel today?
Answer:

• Hunter-gatherers travelled from one place to another because of the following reasons
• They travelled from one place to another in search of food.
• Sometimes they followed the animals who were also moving from place to place in search of their food.
• They moved from season to season in search of different seasonal plants.
• Sometimes they moved in search of sources of water for their survival.
• The movement of hunter-gatherers was totally based on their basic needs, mainly food and water.
• This is quite different from the reasons for which we travel today. Now we generally travel for official responsibility, to explore new lands or for personal reasons.
• We are not travelling in search of food. But poor sections of our society are often migrating in search of their livelihood, which can be described as in search of food also.

Question 5. List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire. Would you use fire for any of these purposes today?
Answer:

The hunter-gatherers used fire for purposes like

• as a source of light
• to cook meat
• to scare wild animals
• Yes, fire is still in use as a source of light in villages and as well as in cooking food.

Question 6. List three ways in which the lives of farmers and herders would have been different from those of hunter-gatherers.
Answer:

• The three ways in which the lives of farmer/herders and hunter-gatherers would have been different from that of hunter-gatherers are as follows
• Hunter-gatherers depended on the meat of wild animals whereas farmers and herders cultivated plants, crops and cattle.
• Hunter-gatherers did not have any settled life whereas farmers and herders gradually settled in huts, pit-houses, etc.
• Hunter-gatherers kept travelling from place to place whereas farmers had to live at the same place for longer periods of time to take care of their crops.

Question 7. List the cereals that you eat. Do you grow the cereals you eat? If yes, draw a chart to show the stages of growing them. If not, draw a chart to show how these cereals reach you from the farmers who grow them.
Answer:

The three cereals that I eat are wheat, rice and pulse.

No, I do not grow these cereals but they reached me via different stages and these are

Farmers → Large buyers (wholesalers) → Small buyers (Retailers) Customer (me)

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Multiple Choice Question And Answers (MCQs)

Question 1. The hunter-gatherers lived in the sub-continent as early as

1. 1 million years ago
2. 2 million years ago
3. 3 million years ago
4. 4 million years ago

Answer: 2. 2 million years ago

Question 2. Which among the following types of tools have survived best?

1. Stone tools
2. Wood tools
3. Bone tools
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Stone tools

Question 3. What were the handles attached to some tools made of?

1. Stone
2. Cloths
3. Bones
4. Plastic

Answer: 3. Bones

Question 4. The evidence of hunter-gatherers has been collected from which of the following sites?

1. Kurnool caves
2. Hunsgi
3. Both (1) and (2)
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 5. Most of the sites where the earliest people lived were located near the

1. rivers
2. lakes
3. Seas
4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 6. Traces of ash have been found in

1. Hunsgi
2. Mumbai
3. Kurnool
4. Bhimbetka

Answer: 4. Bhimbetka

Question 7. In which period, the major changes in the climate of the world had been noticed?

1. Palaeolithic
2. Neolithic
3. Mesolithic
4. Microlithic

Answer: 3. Mesolithic

Question 8. Stone tools found during the Mesolithic period are called

1. microliths
2. spears
3. arrows
4. None of these

Answer: 1. microliths

Question 9. Name the first animal to be tamed.

1. Horse
2. Cow
3. Dog
4. Elephant

Answer: 3. Dog

Question 10. Which of the following is not a way of storing food grains in the past?

1. Large boxes
2. Woven baskets
3. Pits in the ground
4. Clay pots

Answer: 1. Large boxes

Question 11. How did early people become farmers?

1. Due to climate change.
2. Due to changes in plants and animals.
3. By observing stages of plants.
4. They began to settle and take care of plants.

Answer: 4. They began to settle and take care of plants.

Question 12. The evidence of pit houses recovered from which of the sites?

1. Daojali Hading
2. Mehrgarh
3. Burzahom
4. Koldihwa

Answer: 3. Burzahom

Question 13. Which of the following sites was known for fertile land?

1. Burzahom
2. Koldihwa
3. Mehrgarh
4. Mahagara

Answer: 3. Mehrgarh

Question 14. Read the following statements and identify the site.

1. In this site, pit-houses were built.
2. On this site, there were cooking hearths both inside and outside the huts.

Codes:

1. Mehrgarh
2. Burzahom
3. Brahmagiri
4. Hunsgi

Answer: 2. Mehrgarh

Question 15. Read the following statements and select the correct Option.

1. Tools made of stone, wood and bone were used during earlier periods.
2. Apart from firewood, wood was also used for making huts and tools.

Codes:

1. Only 1
2. Only 2
3. Both 1 and 2
4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both 1 and 2

Question 16. Read the following statements and choose the correct option. Competency-Based

1. Burzahom is located near the Bolan Pass. –
2. The Middle Stone Age is called Mesolithic.
3. Tiny stone tools are called Microliths.

Codes:

1. 1 and 2
2. 2 and 3
3. 1, 2, 3
4. only 3

Answer: 2. 2 and 3

Question 17. Arrange the following according to chronological order.

1. Palaeolithic
2. Neolithic
3. Mesolithic

Codes:

1. 1, 3, 2
2. 1, 2, 3
3. 3, 2, 1
4. 3, 1, 2

Answer: 1. 1, 3, 2

Question 18. Arrange the following sites from West to East and choose the correct option.

1. Bhimbetka
2. Mehrgarh
3. Koldihawa
4. Chirand

Codes:

1. 1, 2, 3, 4
2. 3, 2, 1, 4
3. 2, 3, 1, 4
4. 4, 1, 2, 3

Answer: 3. 2, 3, 1, 4

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Match the Following

Question 1. 

Codes:

• A  B  C  D

1.  3  4  2  1
2.  2  3  1  4
3. 3   4  1  2
4.  3  2  4  1

Answer: 4.  3 2 4 1

Question 2. 

Codes:

• A   B   C    D

1.  3   4   2   1
2.  2   3   1   4
3.  3   4   1   2
4.  3   2    4  1

Answer:  1.  3  4  2  1

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Assertion Reason Question And Answers

Question 1. Assertion (A) The Hunter-gatherer’s name comes from the way in which they got their food.

Reason (R) Hunter-gatherers generally hunted wild animals and caught fish and birds.

Codes:

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2. Assertion (A) The Mesolithic age was followed by the Neolithic age.

Reason (R) Neolithic age consisted of large stone tools.

Codes:

1. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A
3. A is true, but R is false
4. A is false, but R is true

Answer: 2. Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Fill in the Blanks

Question 1. The hunter-gatherers got their food from ________ wild animals.
Answer: Hunting

Question 2. Caves paintings on the walls were found in ________ and Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: Uttar Pradesh

Question 3. The discovery of crops grown by early man is linked to the finding of ________
Answer: Burnt Grains

Question 4. The dead person was buried with ________
Answer: Goat

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food True/False

Question 1. Grains such as wheat and rice grew naturally.
Answer: True

Question 2. In the past, colours were made from the blood of animals.
Answer: False

Question 3. The change in climate started around 2 million years ago.
Answer: False

Question 4. The Neolithic period started around 10,000 BC.
Answer: True

Question 5. Domesticated animals were used for milk and meat.
Answer: True

Question 6. Burzahom is in present-day Rajasthan.
Answer: False

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Picture Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Look at the picture given below and answer the question that follows.

Which of the following statements about the image is Incorrect?

1. It was found in Mehrgarh.
2. It remains only square houses.
3. Each house has four or more compartments.
4. Some compartments may have been used as storage.

Answer: 2. It remains only square houses

Question 2. Make a list of what these tools given below were used for and try and decide which of these tasks could be performed using a natural pebble. Give reasons for your answer.

Answer:

1. The tools (A) were used for grinding the grains and making of tools.
2. The tool (B) was used for cutting meat and chopping fruits.
3. The tools (C) were used for digging soil.
4. The tools (D) were used for hunting animals.
5. The tools (E) were natural pebbles which were also used for grinding grains.

Question 3. Answer the questions based on the picture given below

Question 1. Where are the above sites located?
Answer:

These sites are located in Bhimbetka.

Question 2. Bhimbetka is located in which state?
Answer:

Bhimbetka is located in Madhya Pradesh.

Question 3. Which valley is closer to these rock shelters?
Answer:

The Narmada Valley is close to these rock shelters.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Case Based Question And Answers

Question 1. Read the passage given below and answer the following questions that follow.

• Around 12.000 years ago. there were major changes in the climate of the world, with a shift to relatively warm conditions. In many areas, this led to the development of grasslands. This in turn led to an increase in the number of deer, antelope, goats, sheep and cattle, i.e., animals that survived on grass.
• Those who hunted these animals now followed them, learning about their food habits and their breeding seasons. It is likely that this helped people to start thinking about herding and rearing these animals themselves. Fishing also became important.
• This was also a time when several grain-bearing grasses, including wheat, barley and rice grew naturally in different parts of the sub-continent. Men, women and children probably collected these grains as food, and learnt where they grew, and when they ripened. This may have led them to think about growing plants on their own. In this way, people became farmers.
• People could also attract and then tame animals by leaving food for them near their shelters. The first animal to be tamed was the wild ancestor of the dog. Later, people encouraged animals that were relatively gentle to come near the camps where they lived.
• These animals such as sheep, goats, cattle and also the pigs lived in herds, and most of them ate grass. Often people protected these animals from attacks by other wild animals. This is how they became herders.

Question 1. The environmental changes around 12,000 years ago led to which of the following changes?

1. Rise in temperature
2. Increase in number of deer, antelope, etc.
3. Development of grasslands
4. All of the above

Answer: 4. All of the above

Question 2. What is understood about the transition from hunting to herding rearing animals?

1. It happened abruptly.
2. It had no connection to climate change.
3. It only occurred in specific regions.
4. It was a gradual process influenced by learning about animals.

Answer: 4. It was a gradual process influenced by learning about animals.

Question 3. What is suggested about people who hunted grass-eating animals?

1. They stopped hunting altogether.
2. They continued hunting but for different animals.
3. They started learning about the food habits and breeding seasons of these animals.
4. They abandoned hunting for fishing.

Answer: 3. They started learning about the food habits and breeding seasons of these animals.

Question 4. During the mentioned time, what grain-bearing grasses naturally grew in different parts of the subcontinent?

1. Corn and sorghum
2. Wheat, barley and rice
3. Oats and rice
4. Millet and Quinoa

Answer: 1. Corn and sorghum

2. Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow.

• Archaeologists have found traces of huts or houses at some sites. For instance, in Burzahom (in present-day Kashmir) people built pit houses, which were dug into the ground, with steps leading into them. These may have provided shelter in cold weather. Archaeologists have also found cooking hearths both inside and outside the huts, which suggests that, depending on the weather, people could cook food either indoors or outdoors.
• Stone tools have been found on many sites as well. Many of these are different from the earlier Palaeolithic tools and that is why they are called Neolithic. These include tools that were polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles used for grinding grain and other plant produce. Mortars and pestles are used for grinding grain even today, several thousand years later. At the same time, tools of the Palaeolithic types continued to be made and used, and remember, some tools were also made of bone.
• Many kinds of earthen pots have also been found. These were sometimes decorated and were used for storing things. People began using pots for cooking food, especially grains like rice, wheat and lentils which now became an important part of the diet. Besides, they began weaving cloth, using different kinds of materials, for example, cotton, that could now be grown. Did things change everywhere and all at once? Not quite.
• In many areas, men and women still continued to hunt and gather food, and elsewhere people adopted farming and herding slowly over several thousand years. Besides, in some cases people tried to combine these activities, doing different things during different seasons.

Question 1. How were the houses of Burzahom built?
Answer:

The houses of Burzahom were dug into the ground, with steps leading to them. These were called pit-houses.

Question 2. What were the time period given by archaeologists for earlier days?
Answer:

In earlier days, the time period given by archaeologists were

• Palaeolithic (Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic) (2 million years ago-12000 BC)
• Mesolithic (12,000 BC -10,000 BC)
• Neolithic (From 10,000 BC)

Question 3. What do indoor and outdoor cooking hearth indicate?
Answer:

Indoor and outdoor cooking hearts indicate that the place of cooking depends on the weather conditions.

Question 4. What type of tools were used by hunter-gatherers? Answer:

The various types of tools used by hunter-gatherers were tools made of stone, wood and bone.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Very Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. How was the wood used in the past?
Answer:

In the past, wood was used as firewood and to make. huts and tools.

Question 2. How did the hunter-gatherers use stone tools?
Answer:

Hunter-gatherers used stone tools to cut meat and bone, scrape bark and hides, chop fruit and roots.

Question 3. Where were the early Palaeolithic sites found?
Answer:

A number of early Palaeolithic sites were found at Hunsgi in Karnataka.

Question 4. Why did the people choose to live in natural caves?
Answer:

People chose to live in natural caves because it provided shelter from the rain, heat and wind.

Question 5. Why did earlier people use fire?
Answer:

The earlier people used fire to make light, to cook meat and to scare away animals.

Question 6. When were the trains used first?
Answer:

Trains were first used 150 years ago.

Question 7. Where are the natural caves and rock shelters found?
Answer:

Natural caves and rock shelters are found in the Vindhyas and the Deccan plateau.

Question 8. Name any two grain-bearing grasses.
Answer:

The two grain-bearing grasses are wheat and barley.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Short Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. Why it was difficult for hunter-gatherers to collect food?
Answer:

• It was difficult for hunter-gatherers to collect food due to the following reasons
• Unpredictable Availability of Food Wild plants and animals were not always available, and their abundance depended on the season and environmental conditions.
• They had to constantly track animal migrations and identify edible plants, which was time-consuming and uncertain.
• Physical Demands of Hunting and Gathering Hunting large animals required strength and risk was also involved. Gathering edible plants often involved long hours of walking and searching. All this was physically demanding.

Question 2. Stone tools were used for which purposes?
Answer:

Stone tools were used for the following purposes

• To cut meat and bone.
• To scrape bark from trees.
• To scrape hides (animal skins)
• To chop fruit and roots
• To make spears and arrows for hunting.
• To chop wood for firewood and to make huts.

Question 3. What were the major agricultural producers at that time? How did gatherers become farmers?
Answer:

• At that time, the major agricultural products were wheat, barley and rice. These grain-bearing grasses grew naturally in different parts of the sub-continent.
• Men, women and children probably collected these grains as food and learnt where they grew and when they ripened. This led them to the idea of growing plants on their own. In this way gatherers became farmers.

Question 4. Explain how archaeologists divide early periods of human history.
Answer:

Archaeologists divided the early period of human history into the following

• Palaeolithic Period The word palaeo’ means old and ‘lithos’ means stone. This period extended from 2 million years ago to about 12,000 years ago.
• It is divided into the Lower, Middle and Upper Palaeolithic. This long span of history covers over 99% of human history.
• Mesolithic (Middle Stone) Period This period extended from 12,000 years ago to about 10,000 years ago. Stone tools found during this period were small, so they were called microliths, For Example. sickles.
• Neolithic Period This period started about 10,000 years ago. Advanced stone tools were made in this period.

Question 5. Mention two changes in the new discovery of agriculture.
Answer:

The changes in the life of early man after the discovery of agriculture were

• With the beginning of growing plants, people had to stay in the same place for a long time. It was not possible for them to migrate as frequently as before. Crops took a long time to grow and produce grains.
• In some parts of the sub-continent, people started making large clay pots, baskets or dug pits into the ground in order to store grains for both food and seed.

Question 6. Describe the tools used by farmers and herders.
Answer:

• Stone, bone and wood tools were used by farmers and herders. Stone tools have been found on many sites.
• They are often different from the Palaeolithic tools and are called Neolithic. Neolithic tools were polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles were used for grinding grain and other plant produce.
• Palaeolithic tools were still used for some purpose but with a little variation. Some tools were also made of bone. But out of these tools, only stone tools have the best survival.

Question 7. Mention any two features of the Neolithic age.
Answer:

The two features of the Neolithic period are as follows

1. People began to settle in one place. They practised agriculture and domesticated animals like dogs, cattle and sheep.
2. Advanced tools were made during this period.

Tools were polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles were used for grinding grain and other plant produce.
Describe the burials at the site of Mehrgarh.

• Burial is the practice or act of placing a dead person on the ground. Earlier, it was believed that some form of life existed after death.
• When people die, their relatives and friends pay respect to them. Several burial sites have been found at Mehrgarh. In one instance, the dead person was buried with goats, which were probably meant to serve as food in the next world.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Long Answer Type Question And Answers

Question 1. What was the major change In the climate of the world, around 12,000 years ago? What were its consequences?
Answer:

• The major change in the climate of the world around 12000 years ago was that there was a shift to relatively warm conditions due to which Grasslands developed in many areas.
• This climate change led to the following consequences
• The increase in grasslands led to an increase in animals that survived on grass like deer, antelope, goats, sheep and cattle.
• The increasing number of animals helped people to start herding and rearing of these animals. Fishing also became an important activity.
• Several grains bearing grasses like wheat, barley, and rice grew naturally and men became aware of where these grew and when they ripened. These grains were collected by men, women and children and they started thinking about growing these plants on their own.

Question 2. Domestication of plants and animals began about 12000 years ago. Explain in detail about domestication during this period. competency Based
Answer:

• Domestication is the process by which people grow plants and look after animals. The plants and animals that are domesticated by people become different from wild plants and animals.
• The people select those plants and animals for domestication that are not prone to disease. They select plants that yield large-size grain and have strong stalks, capable of bearing the weight of the ripe grain. They select animals that are relatively gentle are selected for breeding.
• Domestication was a slow process that took place in many parts of the world. It began about 12,000 years ago. Some of the earliest plants to be domesticated were wheat and barley. The earliest domesticated animals include sheep and goats.

Question 3. Describe the traces or sources found from the site of Mehrgarh.
Answer:

The traces or sources found from the site of Mehrgarh are

• Bones of many animals such as deer, pig, sheep and goats have been found in Mehrgarh.
• The remains of square and rectangular houses have been discovered from this site. Each house had four or more compartments, some of which may have been used for storage.
• Several burial sites have also been from Mehrgarh. The dead person was buried with goats, which were probably meant to serve as food in the next world. There was a belief that there was some form of life after death.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Map Based Question

Question 1. Locate the following sites on a political Map of India

1. Burzahom
2. Mahagara
3. Bhimbetka

Answer: