NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods

Urban life is fast and busy and different from rural life.

  • Different people work as vendors, traders, shopkeepers, executives, etc.
  • There are almost one crore vendors in the country.
  • Most of the people work on their own or are casual laborers on daily wages.
  • There are markets with shops and offices, banks, etc.
  • There are factories that employ generally casual workers on a need basis.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8

  • Casual workers get work during seasons, there is no job security or defined working hours.
  • There are permanent workers who work in offices, government departments, etc.
  • Regular workers get benefits like job security, pension, provident fund, gratuity, medical allowance, paid holidays, etc.
  • Call centers have become a new form of employment.

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8

These can be regarding services provided by a bank, ticket bookings, etc.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Almost _______ % of all the workers are street workers on the streets of Ahmedabad.
Answer: Twelve

2. ________ issue licenses to permanent shops.
Answer: Municipal Corporation

Urban Livelihoods Class 6 Notes

3. Call centers are usually found in _________
Answer: Cities

4. _______ have been created in cities for the street vendors.
Answer: Hawing zones.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Urban Livelihoods

Question 2. State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Most of the businessmen are employed by the government.
Answer: False

2. Municipal Corporation decides which day of the week which market would remain closed.
Answer: True

3. Traders get together at Labour Chowlc to do business.
Answer: False

4. Shopkeepers and traders employ people to work for them.
Answer: True.

NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 8 Pdf

Question 3. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Urban Livelihoods Match The Columns

Answer: 1-c, 2-a 3-d, 4-b

 

 

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India

Our Country—India Facts to Remember

Our country is vast with an area of 3.28 million sq km.

  • In the north, we have the Himalayas and Nepal and in the east the Bay of Bengal and Myanmar.
  • In the west, we have the Arabian Sea and Pakistan and in the south the Indian Ocean.
  • We have diverse landforms—Himalayan mountains, the Great Indian Desert, the Northern plains, the Deccan plateau, the coastal plains and the Island groups.
  • India is second most populous country after China.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6

  • India is in the northern hemisphere. Tropic of cancer passes through it.
  • We have seven neighbouring countries—Pakistan, Nepal, Myanmar, Afghanistan, China, Bangladesh and Bhutan.
  • We have two island neighbours Sri Lanka and Maldives. Sri Lanka is separated from India by the Palk Strait.
  • India is divided into 29 states and 7 Union Territories.
    • New Delhi is the national capital.
  • Rajasthan is the largest and Goa is the smallest state in terms of area.
  • Himalayan mountains are divided into three parallel ranges:
    • Great Himalayas or Himadri,
    • Middle Himalayas or Himachal
    • and the Shiwalik.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Notes Pdf

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India

  • Northern plains are formed by alluvial deposits of Ganga, Brahmaputra and their tributaries.
  • Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats or Sahyadris form the boundaries of the Peninsular Plateau.
  • Mahanadi, Godavari, Krishna and Kaveri (MGKK) drain into Bay of Bengal.
  • Narmada and Tapi drain into the Arabian Sea.
  • Lakshadweep are called coral islands.
  • Sundarban delta is formed where the Ganga-Brahmaputra rivers flow into the Bay of Bengal.

Our Country – India Class 6 Notes

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Our Country India Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

(1). World’s highest peaks are located in __________.

Answer: Himadri

(2). _______ and ________ are hill ranges of peninsular India.

Answer: Vindhyas, Satpuras

(3). __________ is the second most populous country after ________.

Answer: India, China

(4). East to west extent from Arunachal Pradesh to Kuchchh of India is ________.

Answer: 2933 km

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Summary

(5). Corals are __________ of polyps.

Answer: skeletons.

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Our Country India Match The Column

Answer: 1-(d), 2-(e), 3-(c), 4-(a), 5-(b), 6-(f)

Question 3. State whether the following statements are true or false.

(1). Peninsular plateau is triangular.

Answer: True

(2). The Great Indian Desert lies to the east of India.

Answer: False

(3). Andaman and Nicobar Islands are located in the Bay of Bengal.

Answer: True

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 6 Pdf

(4). Sun rises 3 hours earlier in the east (Arunachal Pradesh) than in the west (Gujarat).

Answer: False

(5). Eastern ghats are also known as Sahyadris.

Answer: False

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Facts To Remember

Municipal Corporation takes care of civic amenities like lights, garbage collection, water supply, etc. in cities.

  • It is also responsible for cleanliness and controlling epidemics etc.
  • In smaller cities, it is called the Municipal Council.
  • The city is divided into different wards and councillors are elected from them.
  • Councillors form committees and make decisions about the entire city.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6

  • These decisions are implemented by administrative staff and the Commissioner.
  • A commissioner is appointed by the government.
  • The administration is divided into departments like water, electricity, etc. for proper functioning.

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. Owners of the houses pay __________ tax to the government.
Answer: property/house

2. Yasmin Khala worked in the _______ department of the Corporation.
Answer: accounts

Urban Administration Class 6 Notes

3. Contract workers get paid _______ and their jobs are __________
Answer: less, temporary

4. A city is _______ than a village.
Answer: larger

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Civics Chapter 6 Urban Administration

Question 2. State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. We should leave the garbage in the open.
Answer: False

2. There are taxes on education and entertainment also.
Answer: True

3. City of Surat had a plague scare in 1994.
Answer: True

NCERT Class 6 Civics Chapter 6 Pdf

4. Property tax forms about 75% of the money earned by the Municipal Corporation.
Answer: False

Question 3. Match the contents of column A with that of Column B

Urban Administration Match The Column

Answer:  1-d, 2-c, 3-a, 4-b

 

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth

Major Domains Of The Earth Facts To Remember

Earth’s surface is divided into continents and oceans.

  • Mount Everest is the highest peak at 8,848 m and Mariana Trench in the Pacific Ocean is the deepest place at 11,022 m.
  • There are seven continents
  • Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Antarctica, Europe and Australia.
  • The continents of Asia and Europe together are known as Eurasia.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5

  • There are five oceans—Pacific, Atlantic, Indian, Southern and Arctic. All are
    interconnected.
  • 71% of the earth is covered with water and 29% with land.
  • 97% of water is in oceans.
  • The Pacific Ocean is circular and the Atlantic is “S” shaped.

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth

  • Atmosphere has 5 layers—troposphere, stratosphere, mesosphere, thermosphere and exosphere (TSMTE).
  • The atmosphere comprises 78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases like C02, argon, dust particles, etc.
  • The greater part of the land lies in the northern hemisphere.
  • The density of air and temperature decreases as we go up.
  • Edmund Hillary (New Zealand) and Tenzing Norgay, a Sherpa (Nepal) were the first men to climb the highest mountain peak Mt. Everest on the planet Earth on 29th May 1953.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Notes Pdf

  • Junko Tabei (Japan) was the first woman to reach the summit on 16th May 1975.
  • Bachendri Pal was the first Indian woman to climb the highest peak on 23rd May 1984.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Major Domains Of The Earth Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

(1). Narrow zone where land, water and air are found is called __________.

Answer: Biosphere

(2). _________ links North America to South America.

Answer: Isthmus of Panama

(3). Emission from _______ and ________ leads to air pollution.

Answer: Industries; vehicles

Major Domains Of The Earth Class 6 Notes

(4). Arctic Ocean is connected with the Pacific Ocean through _________.

Answer: Bering Strait

(5). Pacific Ocean is _______ shaped and the Atlantic is _________ shaped.

Answer: Circular, “S”.

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Major Domains Of The Earth Match The Column

Answer: 1-(d), 2-(c), 3-(f), 4-(e), 5-(a), 6-(b)

Question 3. Q. 3. State whether the given statements are true or false.

(1). Asia lies in the eastern hemisphere.

Answer: True

(2). Discharge of waste into rivers, and lakes makes them suitable for human use.

Answer: False

(3). As we go up the density and temperature of air increases.

Answer: False

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 5 Summary

(4). The atmosphere is composed of 78% nitrogen and 21% oxygen.

Answer: True

(5). South America is the third largest continent

Answer: False.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Motions Of The Earth

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3  Motions Of The Earth

Motions Of The Earth Facts To Remember

The rotation of the earth on its axis causes day and night. Earth completes one rotation in 24 hours.

  • Due to its spherical shape, only half of it gets sunlight at a time and the other half remains in the dark causing day and night.
  • The revolution of earth around the sun in 365 and VA days; causes seasons.
  • There are four seasons in a year—summer, winter, spring, and autumn.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest day and shortest night occur on June 21st.
  • On the same date, the Southern Hemisphere has its shortest day and longest night.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3

  • This is the summer solstice.
  • In the Northern Hemisphere, the longest night and shortest day occur on December 22nd.
  • On the same date, the Southern Hemisphere has its longest day and shortest night.
  • This is the winter solstice.
  • On March 21st, it is spring in the Northern Hemisphere and autumn in the Southern Hemisphere; and vice-versa on September 23rd.
  • In Australia, Christmas is celebrated in summer.

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Motions Of The Earth

Motions Of The Earth Class 6 Notes

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3  Motions Of The Earth Keywords

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3

CBSE Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Summary

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3  Motions Of The Earth Objective Type Questions And Answers

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

(1). Due to the _________ shape of the earth, only half of it gets light from the sun at a time.

Answer: Spherical

(2). It is autumn in the northern hemisphere on ________.

Answer: 23rd September

(3). It is autumn in the southern hemisphere on ___________.

Answer: 21st March

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Pdf

(4). The axis of the earth makes an angle of ________ with its orbital plane.

Answer: 66 1/2°

Question 2. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B:

Motions Of The Earth Match The Column

Answer: 1-(c), 2-(d), 3-(b), 4-(a)

Question 3. State whether the given statements are true or false.

(1). The rotation of the earth causes seasons.

Answer: False

(2). Earth moves around the sun in a spherical orbit.

Answer: False

Motions Of The Earth Class 6 Extra Questions

(3). If the earth would not rotate, life would not be possible.

Answer: True

(4). Poles experience six months day and six months night.

Answer: True

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Facts To Remember

The Pole star always shines over the North Pole.

  • Globe is a true model of Earth.
  • The equator divides the earth into 2 hemispheres—northern and southern.
  • Prime meridian divides the earth into 2 hemispheres—eastern and western.
  • The longitudes are identified with the help of degrees. Degrees are further divided into minutes and minutes into seconds.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2

  • All meridians are of equal length. The value of the prime meridian is 0° and from it, we count 180° eastwards and westwards. The total number of longitudes is 360.
  • 180° east and 180° west are on the same line.
  • Latitudes are parallel and the size of the parallels of latitude decreases.
  • 90° N latitude marks the north pole and 90° S latitude marks the south pole

Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Notes Pdf

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NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 3 Motions Of The Earth

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 2 Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Keywords

Globe: A three-dimensional model of the earth is called a globe.

Globe Latitudes And Longitudes Class 6 Notes

  1. Axis: The imaginary line joining the North Pole and the South Pole is termed as axis on which the Earth rotates.
  2. Poles: The two ends of the axis are called poles.
  3. North Pole: The northernmost end of the axis is the North Pole.
  4. South Pole: The southernmost end of the axis is the South Pole.
  5. Equator: 0° parallel of latitude is termed as equator. This is an imaginary line passing through the center of the earth and perpendicular to the axis.
  6. Tropic of Cancer: Parallel latitude of 23 1/2° North of the equator is called the Tropic of Cancer.
  7. Tropic of Capricorn: Parallel latitude of 23 1/2° South of the equator is termed as Tropic of Capricorn.
  8. Arctic Circle: The Parallel of latitude of 66 1/2° North is known as the Arctic Circle.
  9. Antarctic Circle: The parallel of the latitude of 66 1/2° South is known as the Antarctic Circle.
  10. Meridian of Longitude: The imaginary lines joining the North and South Poles concerning the Prime Meridian are called meridians of longitudes.
  11. Torrid Zone: A zone with high temperatures throughout the year and lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn is known as Torrid Zone.
  12. Temperate Zone: A Zone with moderate temperatures and lying between the Tropic of Cancer and the Arctic Circle in the Northern hemisphere and between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Antarctic Circle in the Southern hemisphere is called Temperate Zone.
  13. Frigid Zone: A zone with extreme cold lying between the Arctic Circle and the North Pole in the Northern Hemisphere, and between Antarctic Circle and the South Pole in the Southern Hemisphere is called a Frigid Zone.
  14. Prime Meridian: 0° longitude passing through Greenwich (London) is named as Prime Meridian.
  15. Rotation: The movement of a heavenly body on its axis is called rotation.
  16. Local Time: The time of a meridian is named local time.
  17. Parallels of Latitudes: The lines drawn parallel to the equator in both the
  18. hemispheres upto the poles are known as parallels of latitudes.
  19. Standard Time: The local time of a meridian of longitude which is considered valid for the whole country, is called the Standard Time of that country. This meridian is called the Standard Meridian of that country.
  20. Greenwich Mean Time (GMT): The time of the Greenwich meridian is known as Greenwich Mean Time.
  21. Indian Standard Time (IST): The time of 82 1/2° E longitude is taken as Standard time for the whole country.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth In The Solar System

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1  The Earth In The Solar System

The Earth In The Solar System Facts To Remember

  • Stars and moon are visible only at night as sunlight makes them invisible during the day.
  • Stars in the night sky are similar to the sun but we do not feel their light or heat as they are very far from us.
  • Ursa Major or Big Bear and Saptarishi are constellations.
  • Jupiter, Saturn and Uranus have rings around them. These rings are belts of small debris.

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1

  • Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars move closer to the sun and are called inner planets. Inner planets are made up of rocks.
  • Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune move away from the sun and are called outer planets.
  • Outer planets are made up of gases and liquids.
  • Since 2006 Pluto has been recognised as a “dwarf planet”.
  • The speed of light is 300,000 km/sec. The light of the sun takes about 8 minutes to reach Earth.
  • The word ‘planet’ is derived from the Greek word ‘Planetai’ which means ‘Wanderers’.

Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 Notes Pdf

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The Sun and the Planets:

The Earth In The Solar System The Sun And The Planets

The Earth In The Solar System Class 6 Notes

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 The Earth In The Solar System

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1  The Earth In The Solar System Keywords

NCERT Class 6 Geography Chapter 1 Pdf

NCERT Notes For Class 6 Geography Chapter 1

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books Exercises

Question 1. Match the following:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Match-The-Contents

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Match-The-Contents-2

Buildings, Paintings, and Books NCERT Solutions Chapter 10

Question 2. Fill in the blanks:

1. ______ was a great astronomer.
Answer: Aryabhata

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2. Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the ________
Answer: Pur anas

3. _______ is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
Answer: Valmiki

4. ______ and ________ are two Tamil epics.
Answer: Silappadikaram, Manimekalai.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books

Question 3. Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
Answer:

  • The Ramayana is an epic written by Valmikiji. This epic is about Rama, a prince of Kosala (Avadh). He was sent into exile for fourteen years.
  • His wife Sita was abducted by the King of Lanka, named Ravana. Rama had to fight a battle to get her back. He won and returned to Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala, after his victory.

Question 4. List some steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently-abled people.
Answer:

Steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently able people:

  • Slopes can be created for the movement of wheelchairs or the height of stairs be reduced.
  • There can be audio guides for the visually impaired.
  • Toilets and other public facilities should suit their needs.
  • Volunteers may be employed to help these people.

Question 5. Try and list as many uses of paper as you can.
Answer:

List Of Uses Of Paper.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Uses-Of-Paper

Question 6. If you could visit any one of the places described in this chapter, which would you choose and why?
Answer:

I would choose Mathura because it is related to the life of Lord Krishna. It is very near to Delhi, my home city.

Mathura is well connected by road and railways. There are many shrines and temples. I am fond of sweets. Mathura is well-known for its sweet products, especially peras (1teT).
Students can decide for themselves which place they want to go.

Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Solutions

Question 7. Look at the picture and describe what you see.
Answer:

The image of the sculpture from Amaravati shows the taming of Nalagiri elephants. It shows that the Buddhist sculptures were influenced by the Greek-Roman style. This was the result of direct trade links.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Sculpture-From-Amaravati

Question 8. List the problems that stone cutters may have faced.
Answer:

Stone cutters had to find and choose the right kind of stone for the monolith. Moreover, they had to work from top to bottom; unlike the brick structure from bottom to top.

Question 9. In what ways is the cave shown here different from the illustration?
Answer:

There is a difference between the structure

  • The structure of Bhimbetka cave in Madhya Pradesh. These were the natural structures that provided shelter to people.
  • The structure here is a Jaina monastery in Odisha. This was carved out of a rock surface. It is a story structure with rooms for living and meditation.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Bhimbetka-Cave-In-Madya-Pradesh-And-Jaina-Monastery-In-Odisha

Question 10. Describe what you see in each of these paintings.
Answer:

The painting depicts the art of Mural paintings. Natural colors were used. The paintings tell us about the previous life of Buddha, as a king.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Painting-From-Ajanta

Question 11. Make a diagram to show the stages in the building of a temple or stupa.
Answer:

The Stages Of Building Temples:

  • Engs and queens decided to build these.
  • Choosing a place for the building.
  • Finding good quality stone, quarrying it.
  • Transporting the stone to the place.
  • Shaping the stone, carving into pillars or statues, walls, panels, etc.
  • Placing them in the right positions.
  • Gifts from devotees.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Stages-Of-Builidings-Of-A-Temple-Or-Stupa

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History Chapter 10

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And BooksVery Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. When was the iron pillar made?
Answer:

Iron Pillar was made about 1500 years ago.

Question 2. Why was Amaravati famous?
Answer:

It was the site of a famous stupa.

Question 3. What is the difference between Puranas and Vedas?
Answer:

Only male Brahmins and Kshatriyas were allowed to read or recite Vedic verses. However, the women and Shudras were also allowed to read and hear Puranic verses.

Chapter 10 NCERT History Solutions: Buildings, Paintings, and Books

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Who was Aryabhata?
Answer:

Aryabhata was a mathematician and an astronomer who wrote Aryabhatiyam’ in Sanskrit.

  • He stated that days and nights were caused by the rotation of the earth on its axis.
  • The scientific explanation for eclipses was also developed by him.
  • The way of calculating the circumference of a circle was also found by him. His method of calculation is nearly as accurate as practiced today.

Question 2. Describe in brief the Iron Pillar at Mehrauli, near towering Qutub Minar, in Delhi.
Answer:

  1. The iron pillar at Mehrauli (near Qutub Minar), in Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of crafts persons.
  2. It is made of iron, 7.2 M high, and weighs over 3 tonnes.
  3. This pillar was made nearly 1500 years ago. We know the date because there is an inscription on the pillar.
  4. This iron pillar is a great proof of advanced technology of metalwork in India. It has not rusted in all these years.

Question 3. How were stupas built in ancient India?
Answer:

  1. There were several stages in building a stupa.
  2. Generally, rulers or their wives decided to build stupas.
    • They probably spent money from their treasury to support those who worked to build these splendid structures.
  3. Then, good quality stone had to be found. Stone was quarried, and transported to the place carefully chosen for the new building.
  4. Skilled laborers and artisans were called at the place of construction.
    • The rough blocks of stone had to be shaped and carved.
    • And then these had to be placed in precisely the right position.
  5. Whenever devotees came to visit the stupas, they often brought gifts, which were used to decorate the building.
    • For instance, an association of ivory workers paid for one of the beautiful gateways at Sanchi.
    • Others who paid for decorations included merchants, farmers, garland makers, perfumers, and smiths. Also, hundreds of men and women are known only by their names inscribed at different places of stupas.

Buildings, Paintings, and Books: NCERT Solutions Chapter 10

Question 4. Discuss the features of the Ajanta Painting.
Answer:

  1. In Ajanta, several rocks were hollowed out over centuries to make artificial caves. Most of these were monasteries for Buddhist monks. Some of them were decorated with paintings.
  2. Most of the Ajanta paintings were done in the light of torches.
  3. The colors, which look new even after 1500 years, are made of plants and minerals.
  4. The artists who created these splendid works remain unknown.

Question 5. What do you know about Puranas?
Answer:

The Puranas are a collection of old Hindu religious stories.

  • They have stories about Vishnu, Shiva, Durga, Parvati, etc.
  • They have the details of their importance; and how they were worshipped.
  • There are accounts of the creation of the world; and many kings who ruled.
  • Puranas could be read or heard by everyone.

Question 6. What type of development took place in science?
Answer:

During this time Aryabhata stated.

  • The rotation of the earth on its axis causes day and night.
  • He gave the explanation for eclipses.
  • He also found a way to calculate the circumference of a circle.
  • He wrote Aryabhatiyam in Sanskrit.
  • The special symbol zero was invented in India during this time.

Question 7. Who invented the symbol for zero?
Answer:

Various types of Numericals were used earlier all over the world. The symbol for zero was invented by mathematicians in India. This system of counting was adopted by Arabs and spread to Europe. Now, it continues to be in use throughout the world.

Question 8. What was the method used by the Romans for counting?
Answer:

The system used by Romans for counting was without using zero. Roman numerals employ seven symbols. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters.

Question 9.  Give a short note on Ayurveda.
Answer:

Ayurveda is a system of health science developed in ancient India. Plants and herbs were used to make medicines to cure diseases.

  • Charaka (1st-2nd Centuries C.E.) and Sushruta (C. 4th Century C.E.) are two famous practitioners of Ayurveda in ancient India.
  • Charaka wrote a remarkable book on medicine, Charak Samhita’
  • Sushruta in his treatise speaks about elaborate surgical procedures in ‘Susruta Samhita’.

Question 10. What major contributions were made by ancient Indian metallurgists?
Answer:

Ancient Indian metallurgists made various major contributions to the metallurgical history of the world.

  • During the excavations, the archaeologists found many things which show that the Harappans had knowledge of copper metallurgy. They were master craftsmen.
  • Even bronze was manufactured by them by mixing copper and tin. Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age.
  • Their successors belonged to the Iron Age. During ancient times highly advanced types of iron -forged iron, wrought iron, and cast iron were made in India.

Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books NCERT Class 6

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the meaning of the word Stupa? Mention certain common features of the stupa.
Answer:

Meaning of the word Stupa. The word stupa means a mound. Stupas are Buddhist religious buildings. There are several types of stupas, round and tall, big and small. These have certain common features.

Common features of the Stupa

  1. Generally, there is a small box placed at the center or heart of the stupa. This may contain bodily remains {such as teeth, bone, or ashes) of the Buddha or his followers. They keep things used by Buddha and his followers, as well as precious stones, and coins. This box, known as a relic casket, was covered with earth. Later, a layer of mud brick or baked brick was added. The structure was sometimes covered with carved stone slabs.
  2. Generally, a path, known as the pradakshina patha, was laid around the stupa. This was surrounded by railings. The entrance to the path was through gateways. Devotees walked around the stupa, in a clockwise direction for worship. Both railings and gateways were generally decorated with sculpture.

Question 2. Discuss in short some of the earliest Hindu temples.
Answer:

  1. Along with the Buddhist stupas, we also find some of the earliest Hindu temples. Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Durga were worshipped in these shrines.
    • For example: temples at Bhitargaon in Uttar Pradesh.
  2. Bhitargaon’s Hindu temples were built about 1500 years ago. These temples were built of baked brick and stone.
  3. The most important part of the temple was the room known as the garbhagriha. Here the image of the chief deity was placed.
    • It was here that priests performed rituals, and devotees offered worship to the deity.
  4. Generally, a tower, known as the shikhara, was built on top of the garbhagriha.
  5. Most Hindu temples also had a space known as the mandapa, where people could assemble.
  6. In south India Mahabalipuram and Aihole, two towns were very famous for their temples. Some of the finest stone temples were built in these towns.
    • Three Of These Temples Are
      1. The Rathas,
      2. Shore temple,
      3. Durga temple.
  7. These temples were built about 1400 years ago. Monolith or single-stone temples are also very beautiful and impressive. These temples were carved out of a huge, single piece of stone.
    • Making these was very different from building with bricks.
    • Brick structures are built up by adding layers from the bottom upwards.
    • In Monolith temples the stone cutters had to work from top downwards.

Question 3. Explain the meaning of the word Epies. Discuss two Tamil epics.
Answer:

  1. Epics. Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women.
    • These compositions include stories about deities.
  2. Two Famous Tamil Epics
    1. The Silappadikaram: A famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and went to Madurai, where he was wrongly accused of theft by the court jeweler of the Pandya king.
      • The king sentenced him to death. Kannagi, his wife, was full of grief and anger at this injustice. She destroyed the whole city of Madurai.
    2. The Manimekalai: Second Tamil epic, the Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago. This describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi (his beloved).
      • These beautiful compositions were lost to scholars for several centuries. Their manuscripts were rediscovered, about a hundred years ago.

Question 4. Briefly describe the two Sanskrit epics.
Answer:

The two Sanskrit epics were Ramayana and Mahabharata.

  • Ramayana was written by Valmiki. It is the story of Prince Rama of Kosala.
  • Rama was sent to exile where his wife Sita was abducted by Ravana.
  • Rama fought a battle with Ravana. In this, he was supported by his brothers Lakshman and Hanuman.
  • After the victory, he returned to Ayodhya.
  • Mahabharata was the story of the war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. It was to gain control of Hastinapur.
  • It was written by Ved Vyasa. Bhagavad Gita is included in the Mahabharata.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books Multiple Choice Questions

Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. In which city the iron pillar of Mehrauli is located?

  1. Aihole
  2. Mahabalipuram
  3. Delhi
  4. Madurai

Answer: 3. Delhi

Question 2. What is the height of the Iron Pillar?

  1. 12 Mts
  2. 7.2 Mts
  3. 5.0 Mts
  4. 8.2 Mts

Answer: 2. 7.2 Mts

Question 3. What does stupa mean?

  1. Mound
  2. Round
  3. Tall
  4. Short

Answer: 1. Mound

NCERT Solutions History Class 6 Chapter 10

Question 4. Who are the God and Goddesses whose statues are worshipped in temples?

  1. Shiva, Vishnu, and Durga
  2. Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi
  3. All of these
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. Shiva, Vishnu and Durga

Question 5. Name the hall where people could assemble.

  1. Mandapa
  2. Shikharas
  3. Garbhagriha
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. Mandapa

Question 6. Who composed Silappadikaram?

  1. Ilango
  2. Banabhatta
  3. Kalidasa
  4. Sattaner

Answer: 1. Ilango

Question 7. Who composed Meghaduta?

  1. Banabhatta
  2. Kalidasa
  3. Surdasa
  4. None of these

Answer: 2. Kalidasa

Question 8. In which language were the Puranas written?

  1. Hindi
  2. Tamil
  3. Sanskrit
  4. English

Answer: 3. Sanskrit

Question 9. Which war was fought between the Kauravas and Pandavas?

  1. Ramayana
  2. Mahabharata
  3. Panipat
  4. None of these

Answer: 2. Mahabharata

Question 10. Which was the capital of Kosala?

  1. Hastinapura
  2. Ayodhya
  3. Kamal
  4. Delhi

Answer: 2. Ayodhya

NCERT History Chapter 10 Buildings, Paintings, and Books Summary

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. The _______ is placed at the center of the stupa.
Answer: relic casket

2. _____ was built on top of the Garbhagriha.
Answer: Shikhafa

3. Pur anas were written in simple ________ language.
Answer: Sanskrit

4. ______ and ________ were known for the finest stone temples.
Answer: Mahabalipuram, Aihole

5. Paper was first invented by the ________
Answer: Chinese.

Question 2. State whether the given statement is true or false.

1. Devotees walked around the stupa in anti clock direction.
Answer: False

2. People assembled in Mandapa for prayers.
Answer: True

Class 6 History Chapter 10 Study Material: Buildings, Paintings, and Books

3. Oil paints were used in a painting done on the walls of Ajanta caves.
Answer: False

4. Devotees who came to visit the temple or stupa were given gifts.
Answer: False

5. Kalidasa was a famous astronomer of this period.
Answer: False.

Question 3. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings-Paintings-And-Books-Match-The-Columns

Answer: 1-e, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a, 5-b

 

NCERT Notes For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books

Buildings Paintings And Books

The famous Iron Pillar at Mehrauli in Delhi is an example of skill and art. It was made about 1500 years ago.

The buildings such as stupas and temples were made of bricks and stones. The stupa at Sanchi was built over centuries.

  • Amaravati also had a beautiful stupa.
  • Some magnificent temples were built at Mahabalipuram and Aihole.
  • Building stupas and temples was costly so the kings and queens gave money to build these.
  • The painting of Ajanta caves is world famous. Most of these were monasteries for Buddhist monks.
  • Epic Mahabharata was composed by Ved Vyasa.
  • Ramayana was written by Valmiki.
  • Silappadikaram and Manimekalai were written in Tamil by Ilango and Sattanar respectively.
  • The Puranas contained religious stories in simple Sanskrit verse.

History Chapter 10 Class 6 NCERT: Buildings, Paintings, and Books

  • They were meant to be heard by everybody.
  • Writers like Kalidasa wrote in Sanskrit e.g. Meghaduta, Abhijnana Shakuntalam.
  • The Jatakas and Panchatantra are collections of stories told by ordinary people.
  • Books on science were also written. Aryabhata, a mathematician and astronomer wrote “Aryabhatiyam”. He developed a scientific explanation for eclipses.
  • Harappans were master craftsmen. They had knowledge of copper metallurgy. They even manufactured bronze by mixing copper and tin.
  • Charaka and Sushruta were two famous practitioners of Ayurveda in ancient times.

Class 6 History Chapter 10 NCERT Notes

Buildings Paintings And Books Keywords

Stupax The word stupa means a mound.

Temple: The place of worship of the Hindus is called a temple.

Painting: The art of using colors is called a painting.

Epic: A very big book is called Epic. In this book, the great events of one or more heroes in an elevated style (or an epic poem) narrating continuously is called an epic.

Story: The account of an incident or a plot of a drama is called a story.

Class 6 History NCERT Notes: Buildings, Paintings, and Books

NCERT Notes For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books

Purana: Puran literally means old. There are several Puranas of the Hindus. Puranas contain stories about Hindu gods and goddesses.

Science: Systematic knowledge is called science.

Mathematics: The science of space and numbers is called mathematics.

Mathura School of Art: A form of art (sculpture) that developed and flourished in Mathura and its adjoining areas. It was totally (or purely) in Indian style (i.e., free from foreign artistic impact).

Buildings, Paintings, and Books Class 6 History NCERT Solutions

Charak Samhita: This was a remarkable book on medicine written by Charaka (1st-2nd centuries C.E.)

Susruta Samhita: This was a remarkable book about elaborate surgical procedures written by Sushruta (4th century C.E).

Zero: The symbol for zero was invented by mathematicians in India and adopted by the world.

Buildings Paintings And Books Date Line

23000 Years Ago: Stupa building

20000 Years Ago: Amaravati, stupas building

1900 Years Ago: Invention of paper in China by Cai Lun

1800 Years Ago: Knowledge of paper in Baghdad

1600 Years Ago: Kalidasa

NCERT Chapter 10 Class 6 History: Buildings, Paintings, and Books

1500 Years Ago:

  • Pillar at Mehrauli (Delhi)
  • Temple at Bhitragaon,
  • Paintings of Ajanta,
  • Aryabhata

1400 Years Ago: Durga Temple; knowledge of paper spread to Korea and Japan

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Exercises

Question 1. Complete the sentences

  1. Hunter-gatherers chose to live in caves and rock shelters because ________
  2. Grasslands developed around ______ years ago.

Answer:

  1. They provided shelter from the bad weather and wild animals.
  2. 12,000

Question 2. Why do people who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time?
Answer:

  1. People who grow crops have to stay in the same place for a long time to look after plants-protecting them from birds, and animals, and keep them, etc. so that they can grow crops or seeds could ripen safely.
  2. Settled life is useful and essential to lead a civilized life.
  3. People grow crops to meet their daily food and other needs.

From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food NCERT Solutions Chapter 2

Read and Learn More NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

Question 3. Why do archaeologists think that many people who lived in Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and that herding became more important later?Answer:

  • Archaeologists who excavated the site of Mehrgarh found evidence of many kinds of animal bones from the earliest levels.
    • Archaeologists included bones of wild animals such as deer and pigs.
  • In later levels, they found more bones of sheep and goats.
  • In still later levels, cattle bones are most common, suggesting that these were the animals that were kept generally by the people of Mehrgarh.

The people of Mehrgarh were hunters to start with and herding became more important later.

 

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food

Question 4. Why did the hunter-gatherers travel from place to place? In what ways are these similar to/different from the reasons for which we travel today?
Answer:

  • There were at least four to five reasons why hunter-gatherers moved from place to place.
    1. Animals moved from place to place—either in search of smaller prey or in the case of deer and wild cattle, in search of grass and leaves. That is why, those who hunted them had to follow their (i.e., animals) movements.
    2. Plants and trees bear fruit in different seasons. So, people might have moved from season to season in search of different types of fruits.
    3. People, plants, and animals need water to survive. Water is found in lakes, streams, and rivers. Many rivers and lakes are perennial (with water throughout the year) while others are seasonal. People living on seasonal river banks would have to go in search of water during the dry seasons (winter and summer).
  • In the following ways, people move or travel differently from the regions nowadays.
    1. People nowadays travel from one place to another by bus, train, airplane, or car.
    2. Generally, they do not like to give up their place due to shortage of water or change of seasons. Rather they arrange water through the regular supply of water and they use electronic means (air-conditioners/fans/heaters etc.) according to seasons.
    3. People move from one place to another for better facilities for education, health, employment, business, tourism, etc.

Question 5. List three ways in which hunter-gatherers used fire. Would you use fire for any of these purposes today?
Answer:

  1. Hunter-gatherers used fire as a source of light.
  2. Hunter-gatherers used fire to cook meat or food,
  3. Hunter-gatherers used fire to scare away animals also.
  4. The fire kept them warm in winter.

Yes, fire is used as a source to cook food including meat.

We also use it to keep us warm. Some people use it for religious purposes like havans; and also to bum dead bodies.

Question 6. List three ways in which the lives of farmers and herders would have been different from those of hunter-gatherers.
Answer:

  • The lives of farmers and herders had been different in the following ways:
    • Farmers And Herders started leading a settled life instead of a nomadic life, like hunter-gatherers.
    • Farmers And Herders became food producers instead of food gatherers. Domestication of plants and animals became part and parcel of the people of the Neolithic age.
    • Different types of houses were built by farmers and herders. They used tools of different forms from the earlier Palaeolithic stage people. These include tools that were polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles used for grinding grain and other plant produce.
    • Generally, farmers ate cooked and well-prepared foods, while on the other hand, hunter-gatherers ate uncooked food.

Question 7. List the cereals that you eat. Do you grow the cereals you eat? If yes, draw a chart to show the stages of growing them. If not, draw a chart to show how these cereals reach you from the farmers who grow them.
Answer:

List Of The Cereals:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From-Hunting-Gathering-To-Growing-Food-List-Of-Cereals

Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food Solutions

Yes, We Live In A Village And We Grow Some Of The Cereals. Chart Showing The Stages In Growing:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From-Hunting-Gathering-To-Growing-Food-Stages-Of-Growing

We Live In A Big City. We Do Not Grow Grain. We Get The Grains Indirectly From The Farmers.

  1. Farmers bring their produce to market.
  2. The grain traders buy cereals.
  3. We as customers go and purchase cereals from the traders.

Question 8. What do we use fire for today?
Answer:

Today fire is used for cooking, and keeping ourselves warm. In some communities, it is also used for religious purposes like having or burning the dead.

Question 9. Can you think of any reasons why the dog was perhaps the first animal to be tamed?
Answer:

The wild ancestor of the dog was the first animal to be tamed perhaps because it would have been relatively gentler than the rest and faithful to its owner.

Question 10. Do you think hunter-gatherers would have made and used pots? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer:

No, hunter-gatherers would not have made and used posts because

  • Hunter-gatherers were not living a settled life and had no need for storage of food.
  • Wheel or pottery making was not known till then.

Question 11. Apart from food, what are the other things that could have been obtained from animals? What are animals used for today?
Answer:

Apart from milk and meat as food, animals would have been used for

  • Their hide, (skin)
  • Protection, animals like dogs.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Do you know when trains were used first of all?
Answer:

Yes, I know that trains were first used about 200 years ago.

Question 2. When were the buses used first of all?
Answer:

People began using buses for about 90 days ago.

Question 3. Write the name given to the pre-historic age.
Answer:

Stone Age.

NCERT Solutions for Class 6 History Chapter 2

Question 4. What is the Stone Age?
Or
Define Stone Age.
Answer:

In the pre-historic age or period when mainly tools, weapons, and implements made of stone were used, that period is known as the Stone Age.

Question 5. What do you mean by “Neolithic Age”?
Answer:

The word ‘Neo’ means ‘new’ and ‘Lithic’ means ‘stone’. We can say the meaning of “Neolithic Age” is “New Stone Age”.

Question 6. What is Flint?
Answer:

A flint is a hard grey stone that can produce a spark, whenever it is rubbed.

Question 7. Write the difference between seasonal and perennial water sources.
Answer:

Seasonal rivers, lakes, etc. have water only during the rainy season whereas the perennial sources have water throughout the year.

Question 8. What were the uses of wood in the past?
Answer:

In the past wood was used as firewood or to make shelters like huts. It was also used as a handle for tools and weapons.

Question 9. From where does most of our food come?
Answer:

Today, most of our food comes from plants that are grown and animals that are reared.

Question 10. Write the meaning of the word/term domestication of animal in brief.
Answer:

Domestication of animals means to tame animals.

Question 11. Name the first domesticated animal by the early man.
Answer:

Most probably “dog” was the first animal to be domesticated by early man.

Question 12. Write one of the characteristics of a village life.
Answer:

  • One of the distinctive features (or characteristics) of village life is that most people who live there are engaged in food production (or farming).
  • They also rear animals like cows, buffalo, goats, etc.

Question 13. Write important historical events against the following dates:

  1. About 12,000 years ago
  2. About 8,000 years ago

Answer:

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From-Hunting-Gathering-To-Growing-Food-Important-Historical-Events

Question 14. How was grain stored by the early settlers?
Answer:

Grain was stored in clay pots, woven baskets, or in the pits dug in the ground.

Question 15. Why were people buried with goats after death?
Answer:

People were buried with goats as it was believed that it would serve as food after death.

From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food: NCERT Solutions Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1 Who were the earliest people of the Indian subcontinent? Write a few lines about them.
Answer:

  1. The earliest people who lived in the Indian subcontinent as early as two million years ago were hunter-gatherers.
  2. The earliest people’s name comes from the way in which they got their food, by hunting wild animals, catching fish and birds, and by gathering fruits, roots, nuts, seeds, leaves, stalks, and eggs.

Question 2. Discuss in short the art of Rock Paintings done by the people of the early Stone Age.
Answer:

  • Many of the caves in which the early people lived in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic periods have paintings on the walls.
  • Some of the best examples are from Madhya Pradesh and southern Uttar Pradesh.
  • These paintings show wild animals, drawn with great accuracy and skill.

Question 3. What were the skills required by the hunter-gatherers?
Answer:

  1. Hunter-gatherers had to be faster and stronger than the animals they hunted.
  2. Hunter-gatherers had to be quick, alert, and fast at the time of hunting.

Question 4. How do we know that the early man was familiar with the use of fire?
Answer:

Traces of ash in the Kurnool caves indicate that the use of fire was known to the early man. Fire could have been used for warming, cooking or scaring animals.

Question 5. Discuss in short ‘the Beginning of Farming’.
Answer:

  • The climate of the world was changing and so were plants that people used as food.
  • People probably noticed several things:
    • Where edible plants were found.
    • How seeds broke off stalks.
    • Fell on the ground and new plants sprouted from them, and so on.

Question 6. How did cultivation give a new way of life to the people or settled life?
Answer:

New Way of Life and Process of Farming

  • When people began growing plants it meant that they had to stay in the same place for a long time looking after the plants, watering, weeding, and driving away animals and birds till the grain ripened. And then, the grain had to be used carefully.
  • As grain had to be stored for both food and seed, people had to think of ways of storing it. In many years, they began making large clay pots, woven baskets, or dug pits into the ground.
  • They also began to construct houses for storing grains and for living purposes.

Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food NCERT Class 6

Question 7. Discuss in brief the settled life of the earliest people of Burzahom (Kashmir) in the New Stone Age.
Or
Write a short note on “Towards a Settled Life in Burzahom”.
Answer:

Towards a Settled Life in Burzahom (Kashmir).

  1. Archaeologists have found traces of huts or houses at some sites. For example, in Burzahom (Kashmir) people built pit houses, which were dug into the ground, with steps leading into them. These might have provided shelter in cold weather.
  2. Archaeologists have also found fireplaces both inside and outside the huts which suggests that, depending on the weather people could cook food either indoors or outdoors.

Question 8. What do the scientists look for to decide whether a settlement is of farmers or herders?
Answer:

  • Scientists study evidence of remains of plants and animals’ bones to decide whether a settlement is of farmers or herders.
  • Findings of various types of burnt grains indicate that many crops were grown in different parts. So that indicates that the settlement is of farmers.
  • Bones of different animals have been found at different levels (Mehrgarh) indicating which animals were kept by people. So, that settlement may be of herders.

Question 9. What do we mean by “rearing” animals?
Answer:

Animals multiply naturally and provide milk which is a source of food and meat. This means that animals that are reared can be used as food.

Question 10. Describe the changes that came with settled life.
Answer:

Many kinds of earthen pots have been found.

  • Settled life were decorated and were used for storing or cooking food like rice, and lentils.
  • Settled life weaving of cloth began using different materials such as cotton; cotton was being grown now.
  • Hunting and gathering still continued along with herding and farming.

NCERT History Class 6 Chapter 2

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. How do we know about hunter-gatherers? Write about their tools.
Answer:

  1. Archaeologists have found some of the things that hunter-gatherers made and used. It is likely that people used tools of stone and bone, of which stone tools have survived best.
  2. Some of stone tools were used for cutting wood, which was used as firewood. Wood was also used to make huts and tools.
  3. Other stone tools were used to cut meat and bone, scrape bark and hides, and chop fruit and roots. Some may have been used attached to handle bone or wood, to make spears and arrows for hunting.

Question 2. What were the main effects of the changing environment on the rearing of animals and other activities?
Answer:

  1. Around 12,000 years ago, there were major climatic changes with a shift to relatively warm conditions.
    • In many areas, this led to the development of grasslands, and animals that depended on grass, such as deer, antelope, goat, sheep, and cattle flourished.
  2. Those who hunted animals now followed them, learning about their food habits and their breeding seasons.
    • It is likely that this helped people to start thinking about herding and rearing some animals themselves.
  3. Fishing also became an important activity of the people.
  4. This was also a time when several grain-bearing grasses, including wheat, barley, and rice, grew naturally in different parts of the subcontinent.
    • Men, women, and children probably collected these grains as food, and learned where they grew, and when they ripened.
    • This may have led them to think about growing plants on their own.

Question 3. Discuss in brief ‘The Beginning of Herding’.
Answer:

  1. The Beginning of Herding
  2. The climate of the world was changing and so were animals that people used as food.
  3. People could also attract and tame animals (after the beginning of farming) by leaving food for them near their shelters.
  4. The first animal to be tamed was the wild ancestor of the dog.
  5. Later, people encouraged animals that were relatively gentle, lived in herds, and ate grass, such as sheep, goats, cattle, and also pigs, to come near the camps where they lived.
  6. Often, they protected these animals from attacks by other wild animals.

Question 4. What do you understand by the term? What is the general effect of this process on plants and animals? What points were kept in mind before/during this process?
Answer:

  1. Meaning Of Domestication Domestication was the name given to the process in which people grew plants looked after animals and left them at a popular place.
  2. Effect Very often, animals that were tended by people become different from wild animals.
    • This was because people selected plants and animals for domestication.
  3. Precautions Or Points Kept In Mind For Domestication
    1. People selected those plants and animals that are not prone to diseases.
    2. They also selected plants that yielded large grains and had strong stems, capable of bearing the weight of the ripe grain.
    3. Seeds from selected plants would preserved and sown to ensure that new plants (and seeds) will have the same qualities.
    4. Amongst animals, those that were relatively gentle were selected for breeding.

History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food Summary

Question 5. Discuss in brief the stone tools used by the people in the Neolithic age.
Answer:

  1. Stone Tools of the Neolithic Age
  2. Stone has been found on many sites related to the New Stone Age. Many of these are different from the earlier Palaeolithic tools.
  3. Stone tools of this stage of the Stone Age include tools that were polished to give a fine cutting edge, and mortars and pestles used for grinding grain and other plant produce.
  4. At the same time, tools of the Palaeolithic types continued to be made and used. Some tools were also made of bone.

Question 6. What were tribes? What is their importance?
Answer:

Many of the farmers and hunters lived in groups called tribes.

  1. Usually, two or three generations live together.
  2. Farmers And Hunters followed occupations like hunting, gathering, farming, herding, and fishing.
  3. Agricultural work was done by the women and children.
  4. Thrashing, husking grinding, etc. was also done by the women.
  5. Animals were looked after by the men.
  6. Both men and women did weaving and made tools, huts, etc.
  7. Farmers And Hunters took part in dancing and singing.
  8. Farmers And Hunters decorated their houses and articles.

Question 7. Describe the Neolithic site of Mehrgarh.
Answer:

This site is located near Bolan Pass and is one of the earliest villages.

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From-Hunting-Gathering-To-Growing-Food-Neolithic-Site-Of-Mehrgraph

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Multiple Choice Questions

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1. When were the trains used first in the world?

  1. 200 years ago
  2. 250 years ago
  3. 150 years ago
  4. 300 years ago

Answer: 3. 150 years ago

Question 2. Why do hunter-gatherers move from place to place?

  1. In search of food
  2. In search of water
  3. Both (1) and (2)
  4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 3. How did the ancient people travel?

  1. By buses
  2. By trains
  3. By ships
  4. On foot

Answer: 4. On foot

From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food History Chapter 2 Study Material

Question 4. Who had found the things which were made and used by the hunters?

  1. Astrologists
  2. Archaeologists
  3. Psychologists
  4. None of these

Answer: 2. Archaeologists

Question 5. In ancient times tools were made up of which material?

  1. Stone
  2. Wood
  3. Bone
  4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 6. For what purpose were the stone tools used?

  1. To cut meat and bone
  2. To chop fruits and roots
  3. To make spears and arrow
  4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 7. When did the domestication begin?

  1. About 12,000 years ago
  2. About 8,000 years ago
  3. About 6,000 years ago
  4. About 4,000 years ago

Answer: 1. About 12,000 years ago

Question 8. What is indicated by traces of ash?

  1. Use of water
  2. Use of tools
  3. Use of fire
  4. All of these

Answer: 3. Use of fire

Question 9. For what purpose did the men, women, and children collect the grains?

  1. For food
  2. For growing crops
  3. Both (1) and (2)
  4. None of these

Answer: 3. Both (1) and (2)

Question 10. What was the Mesolithic period?

  1. 6000-7000 years ago
  2. 7000-8000 years ago
  3. 8000-9000 years ago
  4. 12,000-10,000 years ago

Answer: 4. 12,000-10,000 years ago

Question 11. What type of food do we get from plants?

  1. Milk
  2. Meat
  3. Fruits, vegetables, and grains
  4. None of these

Answer: 3. Fruits, vegetables, and grains

Question 12. Name the animal that gives us milk.

  1. Cow
  2. Goat
  3. Sheep
  4. All of these

Answer: 4. All of these

Question 13. Select the animal that was the first to be domesticated.

  1. Lion
  2. Bear
  3. Dog
  4. Elephant

Answer: 3. Dog

Question 14. Where is the evidence of wheat, barley, sheep, goat, and cattle found?

  1. Koldihwa (UP)
  2. Gulf Krai (Kashmir)
  3. Mehrgarh (Pakistan)
  4. Hallur (Andhra Pradesh)

Answer: 3. Mehrgarh (Pakistan)

Question 15. Which of the following is an important source of milk and meat?

  1. Tiger
  2. Dog
  3. Goat
  4. Cat

Answer: 3. Goat

Question 16. Where is Mehrgarh located today?

  1. Uttar Pradesh
  2. Andhra Pradesh
  3. Pakistan
  4. China

Answer: 3. Pakistan

Question 17. In ancient times dead persons were buried with goats which means:

  1. To serve as food in the next life
  2. To serve as food in the present life
  3. Both (1) and (2)
  4. None of these

Answer: 1. To serve as food in the next life

Class 6 History Chapter 2 NCERT Solutions: Key Points

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 Class 6 Social Science History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering To Growing Food Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words:

1. ______ was used to make tools and huts.
Answer: Wood

2. Grain bearing grasses like _____, rice and ________ grew in different parts of the subcontinent.
Answer: Wheat, barley

3. Grasslands led to an increase in a number of ______ that survived on grass.
Answer: Animals

4. Bhimbetka is located in the present-day state of _______
Answer: Madhya Pradesh

5. _____ and _______ were considered gentler animals.
Answer: Sheep, goat, pig, or cattle (any two)

6. Dead people in Mehrgarh were buried with ________
Answer: Goat

7. Houses in Mehrgarh were ________ or ________ in shape.
Answer: Square, rectangular

Question 2. State whether the given statements are true or false.

1. Grasslands developed around 12,000 years ago.
Answer: True

2. Some of the best examples of rock paintings are from Madhya Pradesh.
Answer: True

3. Palaeolithic site Hunsgi is in Karnataka.
Answer: True

4. The climate of the world changed to colder conditions around 12,000 years ago.
Answer: True

5. The Palaeolithic age was immediately followed by the Neolithic age.
Answer: False

6. Pit houses were found in Burzahom.
Answer: True

NCERT Solutions Class 6 History Chapter 2 From Hunting Gathering to Growing Food

7. The first animal to be tamed was a goat.
Answer: False

8. Grain was stored in jute bags.
Answer: False

9. Palaeolithic tools were still made and used in the Neolithic period.
Answer: True

10. Bones from different levels in Mehrgarh indicate herding came after hunting.
Answer: True

Question 3. Match the content of Column A with that of Column B

NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 2 From-Hunting-Gathering-To-Growing-Food-Match-The-Content-Of-The-Column

Answer: 1-(c), 2-(d), 3-(e), 4-(a), 5-(b)