NCERT Solutions For Class 6 History Chapter 10 Buildings Paintings And Books

Buildings Paintings And Books Exercises

Question 1. Match the following:

Answer:

Question 2. Fill in the blanks:

1. ______ was a great astronomer.
Answer: Aryabhata

Read and Learn More NCERT Solutions For Class 6 Social Science

2. Stories about gods and goddesses are found in the ________
Answer: Pur anas

3. _______ is recognized as the author of the Sanskrit Ramayana.
Answer: Valmiki

4. ______ and ________ are two Tamil epics.
Answer: Silappadikaram, Manimekalai.

Question 3. Find out more and tell a story from one of the epics.
Answer:

• The Ramayana is an epic written by Valmikiji. This epic is about Rama, a prince of Kosala (Avadh). He was sent into exile for fourteen years.
• His wife Sita was abducted by the King of Lanka, named Ravana. Rama had to fight a battle to get her back. He won and returned to Ayodhya, the capital of Kosala, after his victory.

Question 4. List some steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently-abled people.
Answer:

Steps that can be taken to make buildings and monuments accessible to differently able people:

• Slopes can be created for the movement of wheelchairs or the height of stairs be reduced.
• There can be audio guides for the visually impaired.
• Toilets and other public facilities should suit their needs.
• Volunteers may be employed to help these people.

Question 5. Try and list as many uses of paper as you can.
Answer:

List Of Uses Of Paper.

Question 6. If you could visit any one of the places described in this chapter, which would you choose and why?
Answer:

I would choose Mathura because it is related to the life of Lord Krishna. It is very near to Delhi, my home city.

Mathura is well connected by road and railways. There are many shrines and temples. I am fond of sweets. Mathura is well-known for its sweet products, especially peras (1teT).
Students can decide for themselves which place they want to go.

Question 7. Look at the picture and describe what you see.
Answer:

The image of the sculpture from Amaravati shows the taming of Nalagiri elephants. It shows that the Buddhist sculptures were influenced by the Greek-Roman style. This was the result of direct trade links.

Question 8. List the problems that stone cutters may have faced.
Answer:

Stone cutters had to find and choose the right kind of stone for the monolith. Moreover, they had to work from top to bottom; unlike the brick structure from bottom to top.

Question 9. In what ways is the cave shown here different from the illustration?
Answer:

There is a difference between the structure

• The structure of Bhimbetka cave in Madhya Pradesh. These were the natural structures that provided shelter to people.
• The structure here is a Jaina monastery in Odisha. This was carved out of a rock surface. It is a story structure with rooms for living and meditation.

Question 10. Describe what you see in each of these paintings.
Answer:

The painting depicts the art of Mural paintings. Natural colors were used. The paintings tell us about the previous life of Buddha, as a king.

Question 11. Make a diagram to show the stages in the building of a temple or stupa.
Answer:

The Stages Of Building Temples:

• Engs and queens decided to build these.
• Choosing a place for the building.
• Finding good quality stone, quarrying it.
• Transporting the stone to the place.
• Shaping the stone, carving into pillars or statues, walls, panels, etc.
• Placing them in the right positions.
• Gifts from devotees.

Buildings Paintings And BooksVery Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. When was the iron pillar made?
Answer:

Iron Pillar was made about 1500 years ago.

Question 2. Why was Amaravati famous?
Answer:

It was the site of a famous stupa.

Question 3. What is the difference between Puranas and Vedas?
Answer:

Only male Brahmins and Kshatriyas were allowed to read or recite Vedic verses. However, the women and Shudras were also allowed to read and hear Puranic verses.

Buildings Paintings And Books Short Answer Type Questions

Question 1. Who was Aryabhata?
Answer:

Aryabhata was a mathematician and an astronomer who wrote Aryabhatiyam’ in Sanskrit.

• He stated that days and nights were caused by the rotation of the earth on its axis.
• The scientific explanation for eclipses was also developed by him.
• The way of calculating the circumference of a circle was also found by him. His method of calculation is nearly as accurate as practiced today.

Question 2. Describe in brief the Iron Pillar at Mehrauli, near towering Qutub Minar, in Delhi.
Answer:

1. The iron pillar at Mehrauli (near Qutub Minar), in Delhi, is a remarkable example of the skill of crafts persons.
2. It is made of iron, 7.2 M high, and weighs over 3 tonnes.
3. This pillar was made nearly 1500 years ago. We know the date because there is an inscription on the pillar.
4. This iron pillar is a great proof of advanced technology of metalwork in India. It has not rusted in all these years.

Question 3. How were stupas built in ancient India?
Answer:

1. There were several stages in building a stupa.
2. Generally, rulers or their wives decided to build stupas.
   • They probably spent money from their treasury to support those who worked to build these splendid structures.
3. Then, good quality stone had to be found. Stone was quarried, and transported to the place carefully chosen for the new building.
4. Skilled laborers and artisans were called at the place of construction.
   • The rough blocks of stone had to be shaped and carved.
   • And then these had to be placed in precisely the right position.
5. Whenever devotees came to visit the stupas, they often brought gifts, which were used to decorate the building.
   • For instance, an association of ivory workers paid for one of the beautiful gateways at Sanchi.
   • Others who paid for decorations included merchants, farmers, garland makers, perfumers, and smiths. Also, hundreds of men and women are known only by their names inscribed at different places of stupas.

Question 4. Discuss the features of the Ajanta Painting.
Answer:

1. In Ajanta, several rocks were hollowed out over centuries to make artificial caves. Most of these were monasteries for Buddhist monks. Some of them were decorated with paintings.
2. Most of the Ajanta paintings were done in the light of torches.
3. The colors, which look new even after 1500 years, are made of plants and minerals.
4. The artists who created these splendid works remain unknown.

Question 5. What do you know about Puranas?
Answer:

The Puranas are a collection of old Hindu religious stories.

• They have stories about Vishnu, Shiva, Durga, Parvati, etc.
• They have the details of their importance; and how they were worshipped.
• There are accounts of the creation of the world; and many kings who ruled.
• Puranas could be read or heard by everyone.

Question 6. What type of development took place in science?
Answer:

During this time Aryabhata stated.

• The rotation of the earth on its axis causes day and night.
• He gave the explanation for eclipses.
• He also found a way to calculate the circumference of a circle.
• He wrote Aryabhatiyam in Sanskrit.
• The special symbol zero was invented in India during this time.

Question 7. Who invented the symbol for zero?
Answer:

Various types of Numericals were used earlier all over the world. The symbol for zero was invented by mathematicians in India. This system of counting was adopted by Arabs and spread to Europe. Now, it continues to be in use throughout the world.

Question 8. What was the method used by the Romans for counting?
Answer:

The system used by Romans for counting was without using zero. Roman numerals employ seven symbols. Numbers in this system are represented by combinations of letters.

Question 9.  Give a short note on Ayurveda.
Answer:

Ayurveda is a system of health science developed in ancient India. Plants and herbs were used to make medicines to cure diseases.

• Charaka (1st-2nd Centuries C.E.) and Sushruta (C. 4th Century C.E.) are two famous practitioners of Ayurveda in ancient India.
• Charaka wrote a remarkable book on medicine, Charak Samhita’
• Sushruta in his treatise speaks about elaborate surgical procedures in ‘Susruta Samhita’.

Question 10. What major contributions were made by ancient Indian metallurgists?
Answer:

Ancient Indian metallurgists made various major contributions to the metallurgical history of the world.

• During the excavations, the archaeologists found many things which show that the Harappans had knowledge of copper metallurgy. They were master craftsmen.
• Even bronze was manufactured by them by mixing copper and tin. Harappans belonged to the Bronze Age.
• Their successors belonged to the Iron Age. During ancient times highly advanced types of iron -forged iron, wrought iron, and cast iron were made in India.

Buildings Paintings And Books Long Answer Type Questions

Question 1. What is the meaning of the word Stupa? Mention certain common features of the stupa.
Answer:

Meaning of the word Stupa. The word stupa means a mound. Stupas are Buddhist religious buildings. There are several types of stupas, round and tall, big and small. These have certain common features.

Common features of the Stupa

1. Generally, there is a small box placed at the center or heart of the stupa. This may contain bodily remains {such as teeth, bone, or ashes) of the Buddha or his followers. They keep things used by Buddha and his followers, as well as precious stones, and coins. This box, known as a relic casket, was covered with earth. Later, a layer of mud brick or baked brick was added. The structure was sometimes covered with carved stone slabs.
2. Generally, a path, known as the pradakshina patha, was laid around the stupa. This was surrounded by railings. The entrance to the path was through gateways. Devotees walked around the stupa, in a clockwise direction for worship. Both railings and gateways were generally decorated with sculpture.

Question 2. Discuss in short some of the earliest Hindu temples.
Answer:

1. Along with the Buddhist stupas, we also find some of the earliest Hindu temples. Deities such as Vishnu, Shiva, and Durga were worshipped in these shrines.
   • For example: temples at Bhitargaon in Uttar Pradesh.
2. Bhitargaon’s Hindu temples were built about 1500 years ago. These temples were built of baked brick and stone.
3. The most important part of the temple was the room known as the garbhagriha. Here the image of the chief deity was placed.
   • It was here that priests performed rituals, and devotees offered worship to the deity.
4. Generally, a tower, known as the shikhara, was built on top of the garbhagriha.
5. Most Hindu temples also had a space known as the mandapa, where people could assemble.
6. In south India Mahabalipuram and Aihole, two towns were very famous for their temples. Some of the finest stone temples were built in these towns.
   • Three Of These Temples Are
     1. The Rathas,
     2. Shore temple,
     3. Durga temple.
7. These temples were built about 1400 years ago. Monolith or single-stone temples are also very beautiful and impressive. These temples were carved out of a huge, single piece of stone.
   • Making these was very different from building with bricks.
   • Brick structures are built up by adding layers from the bottom upwards.
   • In Monolith temples the stone cutters had to work from top downwards.

Question 3. Explain the meaning of the word Epies. Discuss two Tamil epics.
Answer:

1. Epics. Epics are grand, long compositions, about heroic men and women.
   • These compositions include stories about deities.
2. Two Famous Tamil Epics
   1. The Silappadikaram: A famous Tamil epic, the Silappadikaram, was composed by a poet named Ilango, around 1800 years ago. It is the story of a merchant named Kovalan, who lived in Puhar and went to Madurai, where he was wrongly accused of theft by the court jeweler of the Pandya king.
      • The king sentenced him to death. Kannagi, his wife, was full of grief and anger at this injustice. She destroyed the whole city of Madurai.
   2. The Manimekalai: Second Tamil epic, the Manimekalai was composed by Sattanar around 1400 years ago. This describes the story of the daughter of Kovalan and Madhavi (his beloved).
      • These beautiful compositions were lost to scholars for several centuries. Their manuscripts were rediscovered, about a hundred years ago.

Question 4. Briefly describe the two Sanskrit epics.
Answer:

The two Sanskrit epics were Ramayana and Mahabharata.

• Ramayana was written by Valmiki. It is the story of Prince Rama of Kosala.
• Rama was sent to exile where his wife Sita was abducted by Ravana.
• Rama fought a battle with Ravana. In this, he was supported by his brothers Lakshman and Hanuman.
• After the victory, he returned to Ayodhya.
• Mahabharata was the story of the war between the Kauravas and the Pandavas. It was to gain control of Hastinapur.
• It was written by Ved Vyasa. Bhagavad Gita is included in the Mahabharata.

Buildings Paintings And Books Multiple Choice Questions

Choose The Correct Answer:

Question 1. In which city the iron pillar of Mehrauli is located?

1. Aihole
2. Mahabalipuram
3. Delhi
4. Madurai

Answer: 3. Delhi

Question 2. What is the height of the Iron Pillar?

1. 12 Mts
2. 7.2 Mts
3. 5.0 Mts
4. 8.2 Mts

Answer: 2. 7.2 Mts

Question 3. What does stupa mean?

1. Mound
2. Round
3. Tall
4. Short

Answer: 1. Mound

Question 4. Who are the God and Goddesses whose statues are worshipped in temples?

1. Shiva, Vishnu, and Durga
2. Indira Gandhi and Rajiv Gandhi
3. All of these
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Shiva, Vishnu and Durga

Question 5. Name the hall where people could assemble.

1. Mandapa
2. Shikharas
3. Garbhagriha
4. None of these

Answer: 1. Mandapa

Question 6. Who composed Silappadikaram?

1. Ilango
2. Banabhatta
3. Kalidasa
4. Sattaner

Answer: 1. Ilango

Question 7. Who composed Meghaduta?

1. Banabhatta
2. Kalidasa
3. Surdasa
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Kalidasa

Question 8. In which language were the Puranas written?

1. Hindi
2. Tamil
3. Sanskrit
4. English

Answer: 3. Sanskrit

Question 9. Which war was fought between the Kauravas and Pandavas?

1. Ramayana
2. Mahabharata
3. Panipat
4. None of these

Answer: 2. Mahabharata

Question 10. Which was the capital of Kosala?

1. Hastinapura
2. Ayodhya
3. Kamal
4. Delhi

Answer: 2. Ayodhya

Buildings Paintings And Books Objective Type Questions

Question 1. Fill in the blanks with appropriate words.

1. The _______ is placed at the center of the stupa.
Answer: relic casket

2. _____ was built on top of the Garbhagriha.
Answer: Shikhafa

3. Pur anas were written in simple ________ language.
Answer: Sanskrit

4. ______ and ________ were known for the finest stone temples.
Answer: Mahabalipuram, Aihole

5. Paper was first invented by the ________
Answer: Chinese.

Question 2. State whether the given statement is true or false.

1. Devotees walked around the stupa in anti clock direction.
Answer: False

2. People assembled in Mandapa for prayers.
Answer: True

3. Oil paints were used in a painting done on the walls of Ajanta caves.
Answer: False

4. Devotees who came to visit the temple or stupa were given gifts.
Answer: False

5. Kalidasa was a famous astronomer of this period.
Answer: False.

Question 3. Match the contents of Column A with that of Column B.

Answer: 1-e, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a, 5-b