Infection Control And Sterilization Question And Answers

Infection Control & Sterilization Important Notes

For disinfecting large bodies of water, chlorine is applied as

DPT vaccine

By it, immunization against 3 diseases can be done
They are: Diphtheria, Pertussis and Tetanus
Types: plain and adsorbed
Adsorption is usually carried out by the addition of aluminum phosphate or aluminum hydroxide
The adsorption process increases the immunological effectiveness of the vaccine
It should not be repeated if a severe reaction occurred after a previous dose

Meningococcal vaccine

It is offered only to travelers at significant risk of infection
The vaccines are purified, heat-stable, lyophilized capsular polysaccharides from meningococci

Types of polio vaccine

Herpetic whitlow

It is a painful infection of herpes simplex and typically affects the fingers and thumb
It can be caused by HSV-1 or HSV-2
Herpetic whitlow lesions are commonly seen in dental workers and medical workers exposed to oral secretion
Also observed in children with thumb-sucking habits and with primary HSV-1 oral infection.

Question 1. Infection control in the dental office.
Answer:

Personal Barriers:

Washing & care of the hands
- Dentist should wash their hands before & after treating each patient & after barehanded touching inanimate objects
- For surgical procedures, an antimicrobial surgical hand scrub should be used
- When gloves are torn, cut, or punctured they should be removed
Gloves
- Nonsterile- used for examination & other non-surgical procedures
- Sterile- used for surgical procedures
- Gloves should not be washed before use & should not be reused
Gowns
- Protective clothing such as reusable/disposable gowns, laboratory coats, or uniforms should be worn when clothing is likely to be soiled with blood or other body fluids
- Reusable protective clothing should be used
Masks/ protective eyewear
- Chin-length plastic face shields or surgical masks & protect
  tive eyewear should be worn when splashing or spattering of blood or other body fluids is likely to occur
Rubber dam
- It minimizes the formation of droplets, spatter & aerosols during patient treatment

Use & Care Of Sharp Instruments:

Sterilization Or Disinfection Of Instruments

Methods:

Cleaning:

It is the removal of visible soil from objects
Accomplished manually or mechanically using water with detergents or enzymatic products

Cleaning & Disinfection Of Dental Unit & Environmental Surfaces:

Aluminum foil or plastic cover should be used to protect items & surfaces that may become contaminated
After treatment of each patient & after completion of daily work countertops & dental unit surfaces should be cleaned with disposable toweling, using appropriate cleaning agent & water

Question 2. Hepatitis B.
Answer:

Hepatitis B

Signs & Symptoms:

Mode Of Transmission:

Treatment:

Effective treatment not available
Subcutaneous administration of interferon alfa 2b was effective in inducing loss of replication of virus

Infection Control And Sterilization

Question 3. Transmissible infection in dentistry.
Answer:

Herpes Virus Infections:

Infection Control and Sterilization Herpes virus infections

Acute Viral Hepatitis:

Infection Control and Sterilization Acute viral hepatitis

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome:

Tuberculosis:

Mycobacterium tuberculosis organism causes it
Symptoms
- Cough of more than 3 weeks
- Sputum possibly tinged with blood
- Unexplained weight loss
- Night sweats