Etiology Of Malocclusion Question And Answers

Etiology Of Malocclusion Important Notes

Causes of malocclusion:

• General Factors:
  • Hereditary
  • Congenital
  • Environment – Prenatal, Postnatal
  • Metabolic
  • Nutritional
  • Habits
  • Posture
  • Trauma and accidents
• Local Factors:
  • Anomalies of number
  • Anomalies of tooth size
  • Anomalies of tooth shape
  • Abnormal labial frenum
  • Abnormal eruptive path
  • Premature loss of deciduous
  • Prolonged retention of deciduous
  • Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
  • Ankylosis
  • Dental caries
  • Improper dental restoration

• Acromegaly features
  • Accelerated development of mandible
  • Hypercementosis
  • Macroglossia
  • Early eruption of dentition

Etiology Of Malocclusion Long Essays

Question 1. Classify various factors in etiology of malocclusion. Elaborate on endocrinal factors.
Answer.

Classification Of Etiology of Malocclusion: Graber’s classification

General Factors:

• Hereditary
• Congenital
• Environment – Prenatal, Postnatal
• Metabolic
• Nutritional
• Habits
• Posture
• Trauma and accidents

Local Factors:

• Anomalies of number
• Anomalies of tooth size
• Anomalies of tooth shape
• Abnormal labial frenum
• Premature loss of deciduous
• Prolonged retention of deciduous
• Delayed eruption of permanent teeth
• Ankylosis
• Dental caries
• Improper dental restoration

Endocrinal Imbalance Causing Malocclusion:

Disorders and their features:

Question 2. Discuss local of malocclusion./Discuss the environmental or local causes of malocclusion in detail.
Answer.

Local Causes:

Anomalies in number of teeth:

• Normal no. of teeth should be present
• Extra/missing teeth creates malocclusion

• Anomalies of Tooth size: For normal occlusion harmony between tooth size and arch length must be present

• Anomalies of Tooth shape:

• Abnormal labial frenum: High frenal attachment of maxillary labial frenum causes midline diastema
• Premature loss of deciduous:
  • Effects: Migration of adjacent teeth
    • Prevent eruption of permanent successor
    • May lead to impaction
• Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth:
  • Effects: Prevent eruption of permanent
    • Abnormal eruptive path
• Delayed Eruption of Permanent:
  • Causes:
    • Congenital
    • Supernumerary teeth
    • Mucosal barrier
    • Premature loss of deciduous
    • Endocrinal disorder
    • Root fragments of deciduous
• Abnormal Eruptive path:
  • Causes:
    • Supernumerary teeth
    • Impacted teeth
    • Retained deciduous
    • Bony barrier
• Ankylosis:
  • Root surface is directly fused to bone
  • Absence of PDL
  • Causes:
    • Trauma
    • Infections
    • Congenital
    • Endocrinal disorders
  • Effects:
    • Causes submerge of teeth
    • Migration of adjacent teeth
• Dental Caries:
  • Effects:
    • Premature loss of deciduous
    • Migration of adjacent
    • Decrease in arch length

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• • • Abnormal axial inclination
    • Supra-eruption of opposing teeth
• Improper Dental Restoration:
  • Over contoured
    • Effects:
      • Functional shift of mandible
  • Under-contoured
    • Effects:
      • Supra-eruption of opposing teeth
      • Loss of arch length
      • Food lodgement
      • Periodontal weakening of teeth

Etiology Of Malocclusion Short Questions And Answers

Question 1. Ankylosis.
Answer.

• Root surface is directly fused to bone
• Absence of PDL

Causes Of Ankylosis:

• Trauma
• Infections
• Congenital
• Endocrinal disorders

Effects Of Ankylosis:

• Causes submerge of teeth
• Migration of adjacent teeth

Question 2. Abnormal labial frenum.
Answer.

• Abnormalities of maxillary labial frenum are quite often associated with maxillary midline spacing
• Rarely a heavy fibrous frenum is found attached to the interdental papilla region
• This can prevent the two maxillary central incisors
• Diagnosed by positive blanch test
• A midline IOPA or occlusal radiograph exhibits notching of the interdental alveolar crest

Question 3. Supernumerary teeth.
Answer.

Morphology: Different or resemble normal tooth (supplemental)

Size: Common in males

Site: Common in maxilla

Syndrome: Associated

• Cleidocranial dysplasia
• Gardener syndrome

Types Of Supernumeraty teeth:

• Mesiodens: Between central incisors
• Result: Midline spacing
• Distomolar: Beyond 3^rdmolar
• Paramolar: In region of molar

Causes Of Supernumerary teeth:

• Non-eruption of adjacent teeth
• Deflect eruption
• Crowding
• Risk of cyst formation

Question 4. Prolonged retention of deciduous teeth.
Answer.

• Prolonged retention of anterior teeth
  • Results in lingual or palatal eruption of their permanent successors
• Prolonged retention of posterior teeth
  • Results in eruption of permanent teeth either bucally or lingually or remain impacted

Question 5. Premature loss of deciduous teeth.
Answer.

• It refers to loss of a tooth before its permanent successor is sufficiently advanced in development and eruption to occupy its place
• It can cause migration of adjacent teeth into the place and can therefore prevent the eruption of the permanent successor
• Severity of malocclusion depends on
  • Premature loss of deciduous molars leading to shifting of adjacent teeth into space
  • Early extraction of deciduous teeth
  • Person with arch length deficiency and crowdling

Question 6. Prenatal causes of malocclusion.
Answer.

Prenatal causes of malocclusion:

• Abnormal fetal posture during gestation
• Maternal fibroids
• Amniotic lesions
• Maternal diet
• Maternal metabolism
• Maternal infections like German measles
• Teratogenic drugs

Question 7. Blanch Test.
Answer.

Use Of Blanch Test: For detection of high frenal attachment

Steps:

• Step 1: Upper lip is stretched
• Step 2: Upper lip is pulled outward and forward
• Step 3: Blanching seen beside the papilla
• Step 4: IOPA is taken i.r.t. 11 & 21

Etiology Of Malocclusion Viva Voce

• Early loss of deciduous teeth can cause migration of adjacent teeth into the space and thus prevent the eruption of permanent succesor
• Extra teeth in relation to the normal teeth is called supernumerary teeth
• Mesiodens are supernumerary teeth present between two central maxillary incisors
• Mesiodens are most common type of supernumerary teeth
• Supernumerary teeth present distal to the last molar is called distomolar
• Anamalous structure projecting from cingulum of maxillary permanent incisors is called Talon’s cusp
• Fusion occurs through union of two normally separated tooth gem
• Germination arises from division of single tooth germ
• Concrescence is fusion of teeth after completion of root formation
• Presence of notching and positive blanch test is diagnostic of abnormal thick labial frenum.