Properties Of X-Ray Notes and Short Essays

Properties Of X-Ray

Important Notes

• Properties of X-rays
  • Travel at the rate of speed of light
  • Invisible
  • Cannot be focused, reflected or reflected
  • Effected by magnetic and electrical fields
  • They effect photographic plates
  • They cast shadows of the object in their paths
• The three mechanisms that explains the interactions of X-rays with matter are
  • Coherent scattering
  • Photoelectrical absorption
  • Compton scattering
• Thomson Effect/Classical Scattering/Coherent Scattering
  • It occurs when a low – energy incident photon passes near an outer electron of an atom
  • The incident photon is non absorbed but scattered without loss of energy.
  • Energy of scattered photon = Energy of incident photon
  • It accounts for about 8% of the total number of interactions
• Photoelectric Absorption.
  • It occurs when an incident photon collides with a bound electron in an atom.
  • The incident photon is absorbed and the electron is expelled from its shell and becomes a photoelectron
  • Energy of photoelectron = Energy of incident photon – blinding energy of electron.
  • It accounts for about 30% of interactions.
• Compton Scattering.
  • It occurs when a photon interacts with an outer electron of an atom.
  • The electron receives kinetic energy and recoils from the point of impact.
  • The incident photon is scattered from the site of collision, making the atom ionized.
  • Approximately 62% of photon undergo Compton scattering.
  • Compton scattering is the major source of secondary radiation.
• Inverse square law.
  • It states that the intensity of the X-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source to the film
  • Increased distance leads to the divergence of the X-ray beam

Properties Of X-Ray Short Essays:

Question 1. Properties of X-ray.
Answer.

Properties of X-ray

• Physical Properties:
  • It is electromagnetic radiation
  • It travel through space
  • They travel in a straight line
  • X-ray travel with the speed of light
  • They cannot be reflected, refracted or deflected
  • They show properties of interference, diffraction
  • They do not have any mass or weight
  • They obey inverse square law
  • These are produced by collision of electrons
• Chemical Properties:
  • These induce color changes of several substances
  • Example: Methylene blue gets bleached
  • Cause oxidation of ferrous sulphate to ferric sulphite
  • Causes destruction of the fermenting of enzymes

Read And Learn More: Oral Radiology Question and Answers

• Biological Properties:
  • Excitation – this property is used in the treatment of malignant tumor
  • Germicidal property – This property is used for sterilization oand preservation of food
• Physiochemical Property:
  • Causes blackening of photographic paper on paper
  • This property is known as photographic effect

Question 2. Interaction of X-ray with matter.
Answer.

Interaction of X-ray with matter

• Coherent scattering:
  • Low energy photon passing near atom of outer electron gets scattered without loss of energy
  • Incident photon causes vibration of electrons
  • This electron radiates energy in the form of another X-ray photon
    Significance:
    • 8% of total X-ray interaction are consist of it
    • Effect of it in producing film fog is negligible
• Photoelectric effect:
  • When the incident photon strikes inner orbital electron, it is ejected as photoelectron
  • Vacancy of ineer orbit is filled by electron from higher energy level
  • The ejected electrons travel only a short distance
  • All of the energy of photons is deposited in the absorber
    Significance:
    • Consists of 30% of total interaction
    • It is good for dentist
    • But it is bad for patients due to increased absorption
• Compton effect:
  • Photon interacts with the outer free electron
  • It results in formation of scattered photon of low energy
  • As well as ejection of recoil electron
    Significance:
    • Consists of 62% of total interactions
    • It is good for patients
    • But it is bad for dentist as it causes film fog

Properties Of X-Ray Short Answers

Question 1. Inverse Square law.
Answer.

Inverse Square law

• It states that the intensity of the X-ray beam is inversely proportional to the square of the distance from the source to the film
• Increased distance leads to the divergence of the X-ray beam
• Thus number of photons decreases
• As a result, intensity of the X-ray beam diminishes
  1 ∝ 1/d²
  1 = k/d², where k is constant

Question 2. Compton effect.
Answer.

Compton effect

• Photon interacts with the outer free electron
• It results in formation of scattered photon of low energy
• As well as ejection of recoil electron

Compton Effect Significance:

• Consists of 62% of total interactions

• It is good for patient
• But it is bad for dentist as it causes film fog

Question 3. Uses of X-ray
Answer.

Uses of X-ray

• Used for diagnostic purposes
• Medicolegal use
• For treatment of tumours
• For treatment of skin diseases
• To improve the quality of oil paints
• For crystallography
• For sterilization of instruments
• As detective measure
• Used in the field of engineering
• As spectroscopy
• As photochemistry
• In the field of radiobiology

Question 4. Coherent scattering.
Answer.

Coherent scattering

• Low energy photon passing near atom of outer electron gets scattered without loss of energy
• Incident photon causes vibration of electrons
• This electron radiates energy in the form of another X-ray photon

Coherent Scattering Significance:

• 8% of total X-ray interaction are consist of it
• Effect of it in producing film fog is negligible

Properties Of X-Ray Viva Voce

• X-ray have neutral charges
• Velocity of x-ray is equal to that of light