Oral Pathology Miscellaneous Essay Question And Answers

Oral Pathology Miscellaneous Short Question And Answers

 

Question 1. Autoclave
Answer:

Autoclave

Autoclave is the process of sterilization by saturated steam under high pressure above 100 degrees C temperature

Sterilization Conditions:

Autoclave Uses:

• Articles sterilised in autoclave are:
  • Culture media
  • Rubber articles like tube, gloves, etc
  • Syringes and surgical instruments
  • OT gowns, dressing materials
  • Endodontic instruments
  • Hand instruments

Question 2. Odontalgia
Answer:

Odontalgia

• Odontalgia refers to chronic tooth pain
• It is throbbing and constant toothache
• Intensity of pain varies from very mild to very severe
• It occurs without any cause
• Pain may be associated with a dental procedure
• It is not relieved by any dental procedure
• It is not aggravated by hot or cold food or drinks or chewing or biting
• It is diagnosed by clinical history and radiographic examination

Question 3. Gram staining
Answer:

Gram staining

Gram staining is an essential procedure used in the identification of bacteria and is frequently the only method required to study their morphology

Gram staining Method:

• Primary staining with pararosanilinc dye for 1 minute
• Application of Gram’s iodine over slide for 1 minute
• Decolonization with organic solvent for 10-30 seconds
• Counterstaining with dye of contrasting colour for 30 seconds

Question 4. Histopathology of dentin
Answer:

Histopathology of dentin

Histopathology of dentin consists of:

1. Dentinal tubules
   • They extend through the entire thickness of the dentin from dentin enamel junction to the pulp
   • They follow an S-shaped path
2. Peritubular dentin
   • It is the dentin that immediately surrounds the dentinal tubules
   • It is hyper mineralized structure
3. Intertubular dentin
   • It is dentin located between dentinal tubules
   • It forms main body of dentin
4. Presenting
   • It is first formed dentin
   • It lines pulpal portion of tooth
   • It consist of collagen and non-collagenous components
5. Odontoblast process
   • They are cytoplasmic extensions of the odontoblasts
   • It extends into dentinal tubules

Question 5. Common and special stains used
(or)
Histopathological diagnosis of the lesions
Answer:

Common and special stains used

Question 6. Haemotoxylin and eosin staining
Answer:

Haemotoxylin and eosin staining

• Haemotoxylin and eosin is routine staining methods
• Haemotoxylin is basic dye with an affinity for nucleic acid
• It stains either regressive or progressive
• With regressive stain, the slides are left in the solution for a set period of time
• With progressive stain, the slide is dipped in solution until the desired intensity of staining is achieved
• Eosin is acidic dye for cytoplasmic components of cell

Question 7. Barodontalgia or Aerodontalgia
Answer:

Barodontalgia or Aerodontalgia

It is an unusual type of dental pain that occurs as an effect of change in the pressure

Barodontalgia or Aerodontalgia Clinical Features:

• It affects some persons who experience pain in the tooth during high altitude flight or during deep sea diving
• At ground levels, the tooth is completely asymptomatic
• Pain occurs few hours or days later

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• It occurs in an endodontically treated tooth with improper obturation of canals
• The entrapped air in the improperly obturated root canals may expand during flight or during diving which creates pressure in the periapical nerve budles and produces pain

Question 8. Dead tracts of Fish
Answer:

Dead tracts of Fish

• Dentinal tubules are emptied by complete retraction of the odontoblast process from the tubule or through the death of the odontoblast
• The dentinal tubules become sealed off so that in-ground section air-filled tubules appear by transmitted light as black dead tracts
• They are most often seen in coronal dentin
• Frequently bound by bands of sclerotic dentin
• These areas demonstrate decreased sensitivity
• They are the initial step in the formation of sclerotic dentin

Question 9. The isomorphic phenomenon at Kolnwr
Answer:

The isomorphic phenomenon at Kolnwr

• If the feature of lichen planus
• It refers to the development of skin lesions of lichen planus
• It extends along the areas of Injury or irritation
• It sometimes exhibits periods of regression and recurrence

Question 10. Culture media for Candida albicans and Tubercle bacilli
Answer:

Culture Media For Candida Albicans:

• Sabouraud’s dextrose agar media
  • Media is inoculated and incubated at 25-37 degrees C for 24 hours
  • Cream-colored smooth pasty colonies appear
  • On grain staining of it shows gram-positive budding yeast cells

Culture Media For Tubercle Bacilli:

1. Lowenstein-jensen media
   • Results in dry, rough, buff-coloured colonies which gets raised with a wrinkled surface
2. Liquid media
   • Bacilli grow over it as surface pellicle

Question 11. Fixatives
Answer:

Fixatives

Question 12. ELISA
Answer:

ELISA

It Is color reaction test

ELISA Method:

• A serum containing antibodies Is developed from the patient’s blood sample
• it is added to die ELISA plate
• Wash off the inactive antibodies
• A second layer of antibodies, called a conjugate is added
• Excess antibodies are again washed off
• A substrate (chromogen) is added to it.

ELISA Result:

• Color becomes darker positive test
• No color change – Negative lest

Question 13. Microtome
Answer:

Microtome

• It is a tool used to cut sections for study under microscope
• Microtome Types
  • Sledge
  • Rotary
  • Cryomicrotome
  • Ultramicrotome
  • Vibrating microtome
  • Laser microtome
  • Saw
• Microtome Knives used with it are
  • Steel
  • Glass
  • Diamond
• Microtome Uses
  • Histological examination
  • Frozen section
  • Electron microscopy
  • Spectroscopy

Question 14. Foam cells
Answer:

Foam cells

• They are a type of cell containing cholesterol
• Contains low-density lipoprotein
• Present in
  • Chlamydia
  • Toxoplasma
  • Tuberculosis
• Foam cells are formed when circulating monocyte-derived cells are migrated to the atherosclerotic site or fat deposits in blood vessel walls
• It can lead to atherosclerosis

Question 15. Reiter’s syndrome
Answer:

Reiter’s syndrome

• There is a tetrad of manifestations
  • Urethritis – urethral discharge associated with burning sensation and itching
  • Arthritis – bilateral, symmetrical, and polyarticular
  • Conjunctivitis – mild
  • Mucocutaneous lesions – red or yellow keratotic macules or papules

Question 16. Decalcifying Agents
Answer:

Decalcifying Agents

• They are acidic substances that combine with lime forming water-soluble compounds that easily can be removed
• Decalcifying Agents Types
  • Chelating agents
    • Take up the calcium ions
    • Example: EDTA
  • Acids
    • Help to produce of solution of calcium ions
    • Example:
      • Weak acid – acetic acid, formic acid
      • Strong acid – nitric acid, hydrochloric acid

Question 17. Technique of exfoliative cytology
Answer:

Technique of exfoliative cytology

The technique of exfoliative cytology Results:

1. Class 1: Normal
2. Class 2: atypical
3. Class 3: Intermediate
4. Class 4: Suggestive of cancer
5. Class 5: Positive for cancer