Diseases Of The Skin Oral Pathology Essay Question And Answers

Diseases Of The Skin Important Notes

1. Features of hereditary ectodermal dysplasia
   • Hyperhidrosis
   • Hypotrichosis
   • Hypodontia
2. Lichen planus
   • It is a relatively common dermatological disorder occurring on skin and oral mucous membranes and refers to lace-like patterns produced by symbolic algae and fungal colonies on the surface of rocks in nature
   • Lichen Planus Histopathology
     • Hyperortho or hyper para keratinization
     • Thickening of granular cell layer
     • Acanthosis
     • Intercellular edema of the Spinus cell layer
     • The sawtooth appearance of recipes
     • Presence of Civatte bodies
     • Apoptotic keratinocytes
3. Wickham’s striae
   • It is tiny white elevated dots present at the intersection of white lines
   • Seen in lichen planus
4. Psoriasis
   • Small, sharply delineated dry papules each covered by delicate silvery scale
   • Auspitz’s sign is present
   • Extensor surfaces of extremities are affected
   • Psoriasis Histopathology
     • Absence of stratum granulosum
     • Elongation and clubbing of rete pegs
     • Intraepithelial microabscess formation called Monro abscess
5. Histopathology o0f pemphigus
   • Formation of vesicles or bullae within the epithelium
   • Supra basilar split
   • Loss of intercellular bridges
   • Acanlholysls
   • Disruption of prickle cells
   • Presence of Tzanck cells
6. Auspltz’s sign
   • Seen in psoriasis
   • If the deep scales are removed, one or more tiny bleeding points are disclosed
7. Tzanck test – used for
   • Pemphigus
   • Herpes simplex
8. Ehler Donlos syndrome
   • Ehler-Donlos Syndrome Features
     • Hyperelasl icity of skin
     • Hyperextension joints
     • Excessive bruising
     • The patient is known as Rubber Man
     • Scarred area of skin appears as crumpled cigarette papers – Gorlin’s sign
     • Hypermobility of joints
     • Retarded wound healing
9. Crest syndrome
   • Associated with scleroderma
   • It consists of:
     • C – Calcinosis cutis
     • R – Raynaud’s phenomenon
     • E – Esophageal dysfunction
     • S – Scleroductyly
     • T – Scleroductyly

Diseases Of The Skin Long Essays

Question 1. Classify vesiculobullous lesions. Write In detail about the types, clinical features, pathogenesis, and histopathology of pemphigoid.
Answer:

Vesiculobullous lesions Classification:

1. Hereditary
   • Epidermolysis bullosa
   • Familial benign chronic pemphigus
   • Dyskeratosis congenita
2. Viral
   • Primary herpetic gingivostomatitis
   • Secondary herpetic gingivostomatitis
   • Chickenpox
   • Herpes zoster virus
   • Measles
   • Infectious mononucleosis
   • AIDS
   • Herpangina
3. Mucocutaneous
   • Pemphigus Vulgaris
   • Pemphigus vegetans
   • Bullous mucous membrane pemphigoid
   • Lichen planus
4. Miscellaneous
   • Oral submucous fibrosis
   • Hyperacidity
   • Constipation
   • Impetigo
   • Erythema multiforme

Read And Learn More: Oral Pathology Questions and Answers

Pemphigoid: Pemphigoid is a group of relatively uncommon autoimmune vesiculobullous lesions characterized histologically by the subepithelial bullae formation in the basement membrane zone of the skin and epithelium

Vesiculobullous lesions Types:

• Cicatricial pemphigoid
• Bullous pemphigoid

Vesiculobullous lesions Clinical Features:

1. Cicatricial pemphigoid/ Benign mucous membrane pemphigoid

• Common in females
• Age group-40-50 years
• Sites involved
  • Conjunctiva
  • The skin around the genitalia and near body orifices
  • Mucosal surfaces of
  • Nose
  • Larynx
  • Pharynx
  • Esophagus
  • Vulva
  • Vagina
  • Penis
  • Anus
• Causes obliteration of palpebral fissure

Vesiculobullous lesions Oral Manifestations:

• Mild erosion or desquamation of the gingival tissue
• Thick-walled vesiculobullous lesions appear
• They rupture leaving a raw, eroded, bleeding surface
• Desquamative gingivitis
• Pain
• Positive Nikolsky’s sign
• Irritation from denture, calculus, and plaque
• Secondary infection
• Sore throat
• Dysphagia

2. Bullous pemphigoid

• Affects elderly people
• Skin lesions occur over the trunk and limbs
• Lesions persist for several weeks to several months
• Vesicles and bullae are thick-walled
• It leaves raw, eroded areas that heal rapidly

Vesiculobullous lesions Pathogenesis:

Vesiculobullous lesions Histopathology:

• Extracellular edema and vacuolation occur in the basement membrane zone
• There is the formation of subepithelial vesicles or bullae
• The subepithelial bullae cause separation of the full-thickness epithelium from the underlying lamina propria
• The epithelium forms the roof of intact bullae
• Absence of acantholysis and epithelial degeneration
• Presence of polymorphonuclear neutrophils within the vesicular fluid
• Subepithelial connective tissue shows inflammatory cell infiltration by lymphocytes, macrophages, and eosinophils
• Dilatation of blood vessels

Question 2. Describe the pemphigus vulgaris.
Answer:

Pemphigus Vulgaris:

• Pemphigus is a group of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin and mucous membrane which is characterised by the formation of intraepithelial vesicles or bullae causing separation of the epithelium above the basal cell layer
• Pemphigus vulgaris is the most common type of pemphigus

Pemphigus Vulgaris Clinical Features:

• Age- 50-60 years of age
• Sex- Both sexes are equally affected
• Vesicles and bullae develop
• They vary in diameter from millimeter to centimeter
• These lesions cover a large surface over the skin
• They contain thin, watery fluid
• When bullae rupture, they leave a raw eroded surface
• Ruptured vesicles leave extremely painful, superficial, erythematous ulcers with ragged borders
• Ulcers bleed profusely
• Gentle traction or oblique pressure on the unaffected areas around the lesion causes denudation or stripping of the normal skin or mucous membrane
• This is known as Nikolsky’s skin
• Skin lesions appear over the scalp, trunk, and umbilical area

Pemphigus Vulgaris Oral Manifestations:

• 3-defined, irregularly shaped, gingival, buccal, or palatal erosions develop
• Such lesions are painful and slow to heal
• Hoarseness of voice
• Excessive salivation
• Difficulty In feeding
• Extremely foul smell in the mouth

Pemphigus Vulgaris Histopathology:

• Formation of the vesicle or bullae within the epithelium
• Results in suprapatellar split or separation
• The basal cell layer remains attached to the lamina propria
• Loss of intercellular bridges and collection of edem fluid results in acantholysis
• Disrupts prickle cells
• Clumps of large hyperchromatic epithelial cells desquamate and lie free within the vesicular fluid
• These cells are rounded and smooth- called Tzanck cells
• A small number of neutrophils and lymphocytes are present

Pemphigus Vulgaris Differential Diagnosis:

• Dermatitis herpetiformis
• Erythema multiforme callosum
• Bullous lichen planus
• Epidermolysis bullosa
• Pemphigoid
• Aphthous ulcers

Pemphigus Vulgaris Treatment:

• Aim of treatment
  • Decrease blister formation
  • Promote healing
  • Determine a minimal dose of medication
  • Control disease process
• Drugs used
  • High dose of steroids
  • Use of immunosuppressive drugs
  • Antibiotics to prevent secondary infections
  • Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance

Question 3. List out precancerous lesions, Describe the etiology, clinical features, and histopathology of lichen planus.
Answer:

Precancerous Lesions:

• It is defined as morphologically altered tissue in which cancer is more likely to occur than its normal counterparts
• They are
  • Leukoplakia
  • Erythroplakia
  • Mucosal changes associated with smoking habits
  • Carcinoma in situ
  • Bowen’s disease
  • Actinic keratosis

Lichen Planus: It is a relatively common dermatological disorder occurring on skin and oral mucous membranes and refers to lace-like patterns

Lichen Planus Etiology:

• Cell-mediated immune response
• Autoimmunity
• Immunodeficiency
• Genetic factor
• Psychogenic factor
• Infections
• Habits- tobacco chewing, betelnut chewing
• Vitamin deficiency
• Patients with secondary syphilis

Lichen Planus Clinical Features:

• Sites involved
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Tongue
  • Lips
  • Gingiva
  • The floor of the mouth
  • Palate
• Initially, there is a burning sensation in the oral mucosa
• It appears as radiating white and grey velvety thread-like papules in a linear, angular, or reform arrangement forming typical lacy, reticular patterns, rings, and streaks
• Wickham’s striae- tiny white elevated dots are present at the intersection of white lines
• It may be superimposed on candidal infections

Lichen Planus Management:

• Removal of the causative agent
• Steroid therapy
• Cryosurgery and cauterization
• Psychotherapy
• Papsone therapy
• PUVA therapy

Lichen Planus Histopathology

• The overlying surface epithelium exhibits hyper ortho keratinization or hyper para keratinization
• Thickening of the granular cell layer
• Acanthosis
• Intercellular edema in the spouse cell layer
• Shortened and pointed rete pegs producing saw tooth appearance
• Necrosis and liquefaction degeneration of the basal cell layer of the epithelium
• The presence of a few round or ovoid, amorphous, eosinophilic bodies within epithelium called Civatte bodies
• They represent apoptotic keratinocytes which are transported to lire connective tissue for phagocytosis
• A thick band-like infiltration of chronic inflammatory cells is present

Diseases Of The Skin Short Essays

Question 1. Erythema multiforme
Answer:

Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme is an acute self-limiting dermatitis characterized by a distinctive clinical eruption

Erythema multiforme Precipitating Factors:

1. Infections
   • Tuberculosis
   • Herpes simplex
   • Mycoplasma pneumonia
   • Infectious mononucleosis
2. Drug hypersensitivity
   • Barbiturates
   • Sulfonamides
   • Salicylates
3. Hyperimmune reactions
4. Miscellaneous
   • Radiation therapy
   • Crohn’s disease
   • Vaccinations

Erythema multiforme Clinical Features:

• Age- 2nd-4th decade of life
• Sex- males are frequently affected
• Initially, it is asymptomatic
• Later erythematous discrete macules, papules or vesicles, and bullae distributed in symmetrically
• Site involved
  • Hands and arms
    • Feet and legs
    • Face
    • Neck
• Size- A few centimeters or less in diameter
• Appearance- a concentric ring-like appearance of lesions resulting from varying shades of erythema
• This gives rise to ‘target’, ‘iris’, or ‘bull’s eye

Erythema multiforme Oral Manifestations:

• Site involved
  • Tongue
  • Palate
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Gingiva
• Hyperaemic macules, papules, or vesicles appear
• They become eroded or ulcerated
• Ulcers are diffuse, extremely painful, have irregular borders, and are covered by slough
• They bleed profusely
• Gets easily secondarily foul smell foulsmell in my mouth
• Difficulty in eating and swallowing
• Weakness
• Dehydration
• Tracheobronchial ulceration
• Pneumonia

Erythema multiforme Histopathology:

• Intracellular edema of spinous layer of epithelium and edema of superficial connective tissue
• A zone of severe liquefaction degeneration in the upper layers of epithelium
• Intraepithelial vesicle formation
• Thinning of basement membrane
• Dilatation of superficial capillaries and lymphatic vessels
• Inflammatory cell infiltration present in connective tissue

Erythema multiforme Treatment:

• Treat the cause
• Analgesics- for pain relief
• Antibiotics- to treat infections
• Anti-histamines
• Topical steroids
• Antacids- for oral ulcers
• Use of 0.05% chlorhexidine mouthwash

Question 2. Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia
Answer:

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia is a large, heterogeneous group of inherited X-linked recessive disorders characterized by the defective formation of ectodermal structures of the body

Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia Clinical Features:

• Occurs commonly in males
• Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia  Hypotrichosis
  • Absence of hair
  • Reduction in hair follicles varies from sparse scalp hair to complete absence of hair
  • Hair bulbs may be distorted, bifid, and small
• Hereditary Ectodermal Dysplasia  Hyperhidrosis
  • Teeth show abnormal morphogenesis or are absent
  • Affects both perdition
  • The teeth that are present are small in size and abnormal in shape
• Skin is soft, dry, and smooth
• Heat intolerance
• Fine wrinkling and hyperpigmentation over periocular skin
• Nails are often brittle and dun or show abnormal ringing
• Lack of breast development
• Deficient hearing or vision
• Cleft lip or palate
• Missing fingers or toes
• Xerostomia
• Rhinitis, sinusitis, pharyngitis
• Dysphagia
• Hoarseness of voice
• Depressed nasal bridge
• Frontal bossing
• Protuberant lips

Hereditary ectodermal dysplasia Treatment:

• Early dental evaluation
• Construction of artificial dentures and regular change of it
• Artificial saliva is given

Question 3. Pemphigus
Answer:

Pemphigus

Pemphigus is a group of vesiculobullous lesions of the skin and mucous membrane which is characterized by the formation of intraepithelial vesicles or bullae causing separation of the epithelium above the basal cell layer

Pemphigus Types:

• Pemphigus Vulgaris
• Pemphigus vegetans
• Pemphigus foliaceus
• Pemphigus erythematosus
• Brazilian pemphigus

Pemphigus Etiopathogenesis

Pemphigus Histopathology:

• Formation of the vesicle or bullae within the epithelium
• Results in supra-basilar split or separation
• The basal cell layer remains attached to the lamina propria
• Loss of intercellular bridges and collection of edem fluid results in acantholysis
• Disrupts prickle cells
• Clumps of large hyperchromatic epithelial cell desquamate lie free within the vesicular fluid
• These cells are rounded and smooth- called Tzanck cells
• A small number of neutrophils and lymphocytes are present

Question 4. Lupus erythematosus
Answer:

Lupus erythematosus

1. It is characterized by the destruction of tissue due to the deposition of autoantibody and immune complexes within it
2. It is an autoimmune disorder
3. Lupus Erythematosus Forms
   • Systemic – includes
     • Skin lesions
     • Oral lesions
     • Hepatosplenomegaly
     • Pneumonia
     • Cardiac problems
     • Renal problems
     • Neural problems
     • Hematological problems
     • Joint problems
     • Ocular problems
     • GIT disturbances
     • Discoid

Features Systemic form Skin lesions

• Fixed, erythematous rashes with butterfly configuration over the malar region and across the bridge of the nose
• Produces itching or burning sensation
• Aggravates on exposure to sunlight
• Hyperpigmentation of skin
• Extensive loss of hair over the scalp

Features Systemic form Oral lesions

• White, hyperkeratotic plaque-like areas
• Oral and nasopharyngeal ulceration
• Presence of erythematous lesions
• Formation of hemorrhagic macules that become ulcerated
• Severe burning sensation

Discoid forms Skin lesions

• Butterfly configuration
• Elevated, red or purple macules covered by yellow or greyscale
• Forceful removal of covering causes numerous carpet-track extensions
• Loss of hair over the scalp

Discoid from Oral lesions

• Multiple white plaques with central atrophy
• Shallow ulcers – small slit-like
• Pain and burning sensation in the mouth
• Pemphigus Histopathology
• The epithelium is atrophic, hyper ortho ortho, or para-keratinized
• Keratin plugging and acanthosis present
• Liquefactive degeneration of the basal cell layer
• Inflammatory cell infiltration occurs Deposition of antigen-antibody complexes
• Short

Diseases Of The Skin Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Nikolsky’s sign
Answer:

Nikolsky’s sign

• Nikolsky’ssign is a characteristic feature of pemphigus
• Gentle traction or oblique pressure on an affected area around the lesion causes stripping of the normal skin or mucous membrane occurs
• This is known as Nikolsky’s sign
• It is caused due to the presence of perivascular edema that disrupts the dermal-epidermal junction

Question 2.Monro’s abscess
Answer:

Monro’s abscess

• Monro’s abscess are histologic feature of psoriasis
• Intraepithelial microabscesses in the upper part of the Malpighian layer is known as Monro’s abscess
• They are collections of neutrophils within the parakeratin layer of epithelium

Question 3. Grinspan syndrome
Answer:

Grinspan syndrome

• It was described by Grinspan
• It refers to the triad of
  • Diabetes mellitus
  • Lichen planus
  • Vascular hypertension

Question 4. Oral lichen planus
Answer:

Oral lichen planus

It is a relatively common dermatological disorder occurring on skin and oral mucous membranes and refers to lace-like patterns

Oral lichen planus Etiology:

• Cell-mediated immune response
• Autoimmunity
• Immunodeficiency
• Genetic factor
• Psychogenic factor
• Infections
• Habits- tobacco chewing, betelnut chewing
• Vitamin deficiency
• Patients with secondary Syphilis

Oral lichen planus Clinical Features:

• Site involved
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Tongue
  • Lips
  • Gingiva
  • The floor of the mouth
  • Palate
• initially, there is a burning sensation of oval mucosa
• It appears as radiating white and grey velvety thread-like papules in a linear, angular or region arrangement forming typical lacy, reticular pah terns, rings, and streaks
• Wickham’s striae- liny white elevated dots are present at the intersection of white lines
• It may be superimposed on candidal infections

Question 5. Erythema multiforme
Answer:

Erythema multiforme

Erythema multiforme is an acute self-limiting dermatitis characterized by a distinctive clinical eruption

Erythema multiforme Clinical Features:

• Age- 2nd-4th decade of life
• Sex- males are frequently affected
• Initially, it is asymptomatic
• Later erythematous discrete macules, papules or vesicles, and bullae distributed in symmetrically
• Site involved
  • Hands and arms
  • Feet and legs
  • Face
  • Neck
• Size- A few centimeters or less in diameter
• Appearance- a concentric ring-like appearance of lesions resulting from varying shades of erythema
• This gives rise to ‘target, ‘iris’, or ‘bull’s eye

Erythema multiforme Oral Manifestations:

• Site involved
  • Tongue
  • Palate
  • Buccal mucosa
  • Gingiva
• Hyporaemic macules, papules, or vesicles appear
• They become eroded or ulcerated
• Ulcers are tlliluuo, extremely painful, have Irregular borders, and are covered by slough
• They bleed profusely
• Gel and easily secondary Infected
• Font smell In the mouth
• Difficulty In eating and swallowing
• Weakness
• Dehydration
• Tracheobronchial ulceration
• Pneumonia

Question 6. Steven-Johnson syndrome
Answer:

Steven-Johnson syndrome

It is a severe form of erythema multiforme with widespread Involvement typically Involving skin, oral cavity, eyes, and genitalia

Steven-Johnson syndrome Clinical Features:

• Fever, malaise
• Photophobia
• Eruptions on oral mucosa, genital mucosa, and skin

Steven-Johnson Syndrome Skin Lesions:

• Hemorrhagic
• Vesicles and bullae are present
• Eye Lesions:
• Photophobia
• Conjunctivitis
• Corneal ulceration
• Keratoconjunctivitis

Steven-Johnson syndrome Genital Lesions:

• Non-specific urethritis
• Balanitis
• Vaginal ulcers

Steven-Johnson Syndrome Oral Manifestations:

• Oral mucosa may be extremely painful
• Difficulty in mastication
• Presence of mucosal vesicles or bullae
• They rupture and leave a surtax coveted with thicks white or Yellow exudate

Question 7. Lupus erythematous cells
Answer:

Lupus erythematous cells

• Lupus erythematous or LE cells ute characteristic feature of acute systemic form of lupus erythema ptosis
• These are neutrophil leukocytes, which have phagocytosed other leukocytes
• They are large, circular, basophilic inclusions within a neutrophil

Question 8. Tzanck cells
Answer:

Tzanck cells

• They are characteristic of pemphigus
• They are acantholytic multinucleated epithelial cells
• Present freely within the vesicular space
• They have large nuclei and condensation of chromatin along the cell wall

Question 9. Paul-Bunnel test
Answer:

Paul-Bunnel test

It is a diagnostic test for infectious mononucleosis

Paul-Bunnel test  Procedure:

• Collect sheep’s RBCs and human’s RBCs
• Agglunate both

Paul-Bunnel test Result:

• Agglutination is observed
• Normal titre-1:8
• In infectious mononucleosis titer becomes-1:4096

Question 10. White sponge nevus
Answer:

White sponge nevus

White sponge nevus is a hereditary skin disease characterized by the occurrence of white, thickened, corrugated mucosal lesions in the oral cavity

White sponge nevus Clinical Features:

• Occurs in childhood
• It is congenital
• Lesions involve the cheeks, palate, gingiva, the floor of the mouth, and a portion of the tongue
• Mucosa appears thickened and folded Of corrugated with a soft and spongy texture
• Color- White
• Ragged white areas may appear which can be rt moved by gentle rubbing without any bleeding
• They are asymptomatic

Question 11. Corps, rounds, and grains
Answer:

Corps, rounds, and grains

• Corps, rounds, and grains are histologic font notes of keratosis follicular
  • Corps and rounds
    • Slightly larger than normal squamous cells
    • Present in the granular layer and superficial spinous layer
    • The nucleus is round, homogenous, and basophilic
    • It has a distinct cell membrane
  • Grains
    • They are small, elongated pnrakoratotic cells
    • Present in the keratin layer

Question 12. Clinical types of lichen planus
Answer:

Clinical types of lichen planus

• Linear
• Popular
• Confluent
• Reticular
• Annular
• Pigmented
• Vesicular or bullous
• Erosive or atrophic
• Hypertrophic

Question 13. Suprabasilar split/cleft
Answer:

Suprabasilar split/cleft

• It is a histological feature of pemphigus
• There is the formation of a vesicle or bulla entirely intraepithelial just above the basal layer
• It results in a suprabasal split
• Following this, the basal cell layer remains attached to the lamina propria
• This gives row-of-tomb stones appearance

Question 14. Wickham’s striae
Answer:

Wickham’s striae

• Wickham’s striae are characteristic features of lichen planus
• The surface of the skin papules is covered by a characteristic very fine lace-like network of greyish-white lines known as Wickham’s striae
• They can occur anywhere on the skin surface but are commonly seen over
  • Flexor surfaces of wrist and forearms
  • The inner aspect of the knees and thighs

Question 15. Civatte bodies
Answer:

Civatte bodies

• Civatte bodies are characteristic features of lichen planus
• They are round or oval, amorphous, eosinophilic bodies present within the epithelium
• They represent apoptotic keratinocytes or other necrotic epithelial components which are transported to the connective tissue for phagocytosis
• They are also known as colloid, hyaline, or cytoid bodies

Question 16. Ehlers Danlos syndrome
Answer:

Ehlers Danlos syndrome

Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by defective or abnormal collagen synthesis in various body organs

Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome Clinical Features:

• It affects the skin, and joints, and is characterized by hyperelasticity of skin, hyperextend- sive joints, and excessive bruising
• The patient is known as Rubber Man
• Scarred areas of skin appear as “crumpled cigarette papers”
• Gorlin’s sign- Patient can touch the tip of the nose with their tongue
• Mobility of teeth and marked periodontal weakness
• Retarded wound healing
• Enamel hypoplasia
• Large pulp stones are present
• Formation of irregular dentin
• Hypermability and subluxation of the temporo- mandibular joint
• Loss of normal scalloping of dentin enamel junction

Question 17. CREST syndrome
Answer:

CREST syndrome

CREST syndrome is associated with scleroderma

Question 18. Target lesions
Answer:

Target lesions

• Target lesions are characteristic features of erythema multiforme
• They appear on extremities
• They are concentric rings resulting from varying shades of erythema giving rise to target, iris, or Bullseye
• They may be purpuric or paler in the center

Question 19. Tzanck test
Answer:

Tzanck test

Tzanck smear is prepared

Tzanck test Result: Lesion shows acantholysis

Question 20. Auspit sign
Answer:

Auspit sign

• It is seen in psoriasis
• If the deep scales on the surface of the lesion are removed, one or two bleeding points are often disclosed
• This phenomenon is known as the Auspilz sign

Diseases Of The Skin Viva Voce

1. Butterfly-shaped cutaneous lesions of the face are seen in lupus erythema l os is
2. Carpet track extensions are seen in discoid lupus erythema ptosis
3. Antinuclear antibodies are seen in systemic lupus erythematosus
4. Target, iris, or bull’s eye are seen in erythema multiforme
5. Steven Johnson’s syndrome is a very severe bullous form of erythema multiforme
6. Saw tooth retepegs are seen in lichen planus
7. Monro’s abscess is seen in psoriasis
8. Corps, rounds, and grains are histologic features of keratosis follicularis
9. Ehler-Danlos syndrome is a group of hereditary disorders characterized by defective or abnormal collagen synthesis in various body organs
10. Civatte bodies are characteristic features of lichen planus
11. Kobner’s phenomenon is seen in psoriasis