Immunology Transplantation Short Question And Answers

Transplantation Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Types of transplants.
Answer:

Types Of Transplants

Question 2. Allograft reaction.
Answer:

Allograft Reaction

Rejection of the graft by the recipient is called an allograft reaction.

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Tissue Responses:

1. First Set Response.

• When allograft is applied following changes occur.

• This sequence of events is called the first set response.

2. Second Set Response.

• Second Set Response occurs when a second allograft from the same donor is applied to the same recipient.
• During this graft is rejected in an accelerated fashion.
• Early necrosis occurs and the graft sloughs off by the sixth day.
• This accelerated rejection is called the second set response.

Question 3. Graft-versus. Host reaction.
Answer:

Graft-Versus. Host reaction

The graft may cause an immune response against the antigens of the host.

• This is known as the graft-versus-host reaction.
• Graft-Versus. Host reaction is a cell-mediated reaction.

Graft-Versus Conditions:

• It occurs in the following conditions.
  • Graft containing immune competent T-lymphocytes.
  • HLA antigens of the recipient are different from the graft.
  • Destroyed or impaired recipient’s immunological response.

Graft-Versus Manifestations:

• Splenomegaly
• Fever
• Rash
• Anaemia.
• Weight loss.
• Rarely death occurs.

Question 4. Antibiogram.
Answer:

Antibiogram

• The overall profile of antimicrobial susceptibility is known as an antibiogram.
  • An antibiogramis a chart produced by clinical laboratories which detect the percentage of microbial isolates that are sensitive to particular antibiotics.
  • Every 6-12 months the hospitals typically generate antibiograms.

Antibiogram Uses:

• Guide the doctors in antibiotic selection.
• Helps to monitor resistance patterns throughout a region.
• Enables to compare patterns across regions and with other regions.

Transplantation Viva Voce

1. IgG is the only immunoglobulin that crosses the placenta
2. IgA is predominant immunoglobulin in saliva
3. IgA and IgG are secreted in milk
4. IgG protects body fluids
5. IgA protects body surfaces
6. IgM protects bloodstream
7. T and B lymphocytes, plasma cells, and antigen-presenting cells are primarily concerned with immune response
8. Plasma cells are antibody-secreting cells
9. Dendritic cells and macrophage act as antigen-presenting cells
10. Most antibodies are produced in the spleen and lymph nodes
11. Lysozyme is present in tears, eggs, saliva, and nearly in all secretions except in CSF, sweat, and urine
12. BGG is given by intradermal route
13. C3a and C5a are anaphylactic and chemotactic
14. Smallest unit of antigenicity is known as epitope
15. In serum sickness, a single dose of injection can serve both as a sensitizing and shocking dose