Estrogen Progestins And Hormonal Contraceptives Question and Answers

by

Estrogen Progestins And Hormonal Contraceptives Short Essays

Question 1. Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives.
Answer:

Combined pills contain low doses of estrogen and progestin.

  • Estrogen used is ethinylestradiol or mestranol.
  • Progestrin used are desogestre and norgestimate.
  • They are highly efficacious.

Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives Schedule:

  • Starts on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.
  • One tablet daily for 21 days.
  • The next course started after a gap of 7 days.

Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives Combined effect:

  • Inhibits ovulation.
  • Progestin ensures prompt bleeding at the end of a cycle.
  • Blocks risk of developing endometrium carcinoma due to estrogen.
  • Reduces incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy.
  • Reduces risk of ovarian cancers.

Estrogen Progestins And Hormonal Contraceptives Short Notes

Question 1. Oral contraceptives.
Answer:

Various types of oral contraceptives are

1. Oral contraceptives Combined pill.

  • Contains low doses of estrogen and progestin.
  • It is highly efficacious.
  • Monophasic, diphasic, and triphasic preparation are available.
  • Started on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days.

2. Oral contraceptives Mini pill.

  • Contains a low dose of progestin-only.
  • Taken daily continuously without any gap.
  • Has low efficacy.

Read And Learn More: Pharmacology Question and Answers

3. Oral contraceptives Postcoital contraceptives.

  • Combined use of estrogen and progesterone is preferred.
  • Should be used as an emergency method.
  • They act by preventing implantation.
  • Should be started within 72 hours of coitus.
  • Has 90 – 98% efficacy.

Question 2. Oxytocin.
Answer:

Oxytocin is a non-peptide secreted by the posterior pituitary along with ADH.

Oxytocin Actions:

  • Increases force and frequency of uterine contractions.
  • With low doses full relaxation occurs between contractions.
  • Contracts myoepithelium of mammary gland
  • Helps in milk ejection.

Oxytocin Uses:

  • Before delivery to induce labor.
  • Used to control postpartum hemorrhage.

Oxytocin Adverse effects:

  • Improper administration or overdosage causes.
    • Maternal and fetal soft tissue injury.
    • Rupture of the uterus.
    • Fetus asphyxia.
    • Death.

Leave a Comment