Estrogen Progestins And Hormonal Contraceptives Short Essays
Question 1. Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives.
Answer:
Combined pills contain low doses of estrogen and progestin.
- Estrogen used is ethinylestradiol or mestranol.
- Progestrin used are desogestre and norgestimate.
- They are highly efficacious.
Read And Learn More: Pharmacology Question and Answers
Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives Schedule:
- Starts on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle.
- One tablet daily for 21 days.
- The next course started after a gap of 7 days.
Combination of estrogen and progesterone in oral contraceptives Combined effect:
- Inhibits ovulation.
- Progestin ensures prompt bleeding at the end of a cycle.
- Blocks risk of developing endometrium carcinoma due to estrogen.
- Reduces incidence of pelvic inflammatory disease and ectopic pregnancy.
- Reduces risk of ovarian cancers.
Estrogen Progestins And Hormonal Contraceptives Short Notes
Question 1. Oral contraceptives.
Answer:
Various types of oral contraceptives are
1. Oral contraceptives Combined pill.
- Contains low doses of estrogen and progestin.
- It is highly efficacious.
- Monophasic, diphasic, and triphasic preparation are available.
- Started on the 5th day of the menstrual cycle for 21 days.
2. Oral contraceptives Mini pill.
- Contains a low dose of progestin-only.
- Taken daily continuously without any gap.
- Has low efficacy.
3. Oral contraceptives Postcoital contraceptives.
- Combined use of estrogen and progesterone is preferred.
- Should be used as an emergency method.
- They act by preventing implantation.
- Should be started within 72 hours of coitus.
- Has 90 – 98% efficacy.
Question 2. Oxytocin.
Answer:
Oxytocin is a non-peptide secreted by the posterior pituitary along with ADH.
Oxytocin Actions:
- Increases force and frequency of uterine contractions.
- With low doses full relaxation occurs between contractions.
- Contracts myoepithelium of mammary gland
- Helps in milk ejection.
Oxytocin Uses:
- Before delivery to induce labor.
- Used to control postpartum hemorrhage.
Oxytocin Adverse effects:
- Improper administration or overdosage causes.
- Maternal and fetal soft tissue injury.
- Rupture of the uterus.
- Fetus asphyxia.
- Death.