Disease Of Connective Tissues Bones And Joints

Disease Of Connective Tissues Bones And Joints Short Essays

Osteoporosis-Clinical Features And Treatment

Answer:

Osteoporosis

  • Osteoporosis is a disease characterized by increased porosity of the skeleton resulting from reduced bone mass

Osteoporosis Types:

  1. Localized
  2. Generalized
    • Primary
      • Postmenopausal
      • Senile
  3. Secondary
    • Endocrine disorders
    • Neoplasia
    • Gastrointestinal disorders

 Rheumatoid Arthritis

  • Rheumatoid arthritis is a systemic disease that usually affects many joints
  • Rheumatoid Arthritis is characterized by the progressive destruction of the joint structures

Etiology:

  • Increased serum IgG
  • Increased rheumatoid factor
  • Presence of antinuclear antibodies

Read And Learn More: General Medicine Question and Answers

Rheumatoid Arthritis Clinical Features

  • Age- third and fourth decade of life
  • Sex- females are more affected
  • fever
  • Malaise
  • Weight loss
  • Anaemia
  • Raised ESR
  • Joint becomes swollen and stiff
  • Presence of pain
  • Restricted jaw movements
  • Tenderness in joints
  • Malocclusion

Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment:

  • Systemic steroid therapy
  • Antibiotics

Gout

  • Gout occurs due to increased production of uric acid or decreased renal excretion of uric acid

Gout Clinical Features:

  • Gout comprises of four stages
  • Onset may be insidious or sudden
  • Recurrent attacks
  • Aggregate deposits of monosodium urate monohydrate in and around the joints
  • Renal diseases
  • Uric acid nephrolithiasis

Gout Diagnosis:

  • Elevation of serum uric acid levels
  • Presence of urate crystals in synovial fluid

Gout Treatment:

  • NSAIDS are used

Scleroderma

  • Scleroderma is characterized by progressive fibrosis and calcification of skin and mucosa

Scleroderma Etiology:

  • Endocrinal disturbances
  • Nervous disturbances
  • Vascular disturbances
  • Allergic reactions
  • Infections

Disease Of Connective Tissues Bones And Joints

Scleroderma Clinical Features

  • Cutaneous changes- indurated edema and erythema of the skin
  • Fixation of epidermis to underlying tissues
  • CVS disturbances
  • CNS disturbances
  • The tongue becomes stiff and broad
  • Difficulty in mouth opening
  • Xerostomia

Scleroderma Treatment:

  • Corticosteroid therapy

COX-2 Inhibitors

  • COX-2 inhibitors are advantageous
  • Some of the COX-2 inhibitors are:
    • Meloxicam
    • Coxibs- celecoxib, rofecoxib, parecoxib, etori- coxib, valdecoxib
    • Nimesulide

COX-2 Inhibitors Properties

  • Analgesic
  • Anti-inflammatory
  • Anti-pyretic effect
  • Less gastric ulcerogenic effect
  • Do not inhibit platelet aggregation

COX-2 Inhibitors Disadvantages

  • Increases risk of cardiovascular events
  • Increases cerebrovascular thrombotic events
  • Increases risk of myocardial infarction and stroke

Leave a Comment