Behavioral Sciences Definitions
Sociology
It is defined as the study of human interactions & interrelations, their conditions & Consequences
Behavioral Sciences Important Notes
1. Social stratification
2. Intelligence Quotient (IQ)
Behavioral Sciences Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Nuclear family.
Answer:
Nuclear family
- It is universal in all human society
- Consists of
- Married couple & their children while they are still dependents
Question 2. Intelligence Quotient.
Answer:
Intelligence Quotient
- Obtained by
- Dividing the mental age by chronological age
- Then multiplying by 100
- IQ=( Mental age / chronological age) 100
Question 3. Sociology-definition.
Answer:
Sociology-definition
- It is the science concerned with the organization/ structure of social groups
- It is defined as the study of human interactions & interrelations, their conditions and consequences
- It deals with human relationships & human behavior for a better understanding of the pattern of human life
Behavioral Sciences Viva Voce
- Learned behavior that has been socially acquired is culture.
- The term new families is implied to those under 10 years of duration.
- A family in which parents have separated or where death has occurred of either parent is a broken family.
Read And Learn More: Percentive Communitive Dentistry Question And Answers
Behavioural Management Definitions
Reinforcement
It means any consequences which increase the likelihood of a behavior being shown
Behavioral Management Important Notes
1. Home technique
- Indications
- 3-6 years
- A child who can understand simple verbal commands
- Children displaying uncontrolled behaviour
- Healthy children displaying uncontrolled behaviour
- Contraindications
- Children under 3 years of age
- Handicapped/ immature/ frightened child
- Physical, mental, and emotional handicap.
2. Desensitization
- It is an effective method for reducing maladaptive behaviour
- It is accomplished by teaching the child a competing response such as relaxation and then introducing progressively more threatening stimuli.
3. Modelling
- It is based on the social learning principle allowing a patient to observe one or more models demonstrating positive behaviour in a situation
- It is brought about by
- Live models
- Filmed models
- Posters
- Audiovisual aids
4. Indications of tell show do the technique
- Children more than 3 years of age
- Fearful child
- First Visit
5. Behaviour-shaping techniques
- Desensitization
- Modelling
- Contingency management
6. Physical restraints can be
- Active – restraints performed by dentist or parents or staff
- Passive – with the aid of the restraining device
Behavioural Management Short Essays
Question 1. Management of children in the dental office.
Answer:
Management of children in the dental office Voice Control:
- The voice should be soft, gentle, modulated
- It is a controlled alteration of voice volume, tone or pace to influence a patient’s behaviour
Management of children in the dental office Non-Verbal Communication:
- Smiling face/ other facial expression
- Walking with the patient around
- Admiration, encouragement, friendliness
Management of children in the dental office Biofeedback:
It includes EMG activity
Management of children in the dental office Coping:
- Patient differs in coping with stress associated with painful experiences
- It includes distraction/ displacement of attention
Management of children in the dental office Humour:
It is to elevate the mood of the child
Management of children in the dental office Relaxation:
- Reduces stress
- Reduces reaction to pain
- Reduces anxiety present
Management of children in the dental office Audio-Analgesia:
- Diverts the attention of the patient
- This reduces stress & decreases reaction to pain
Management of children in the dental office Hypnosis:
- It includes
- Flattering of closed eyelid ° Deep breathing
- Progressive sense of relaxation
Management of children in the dental office Implosion Therapy:
Refers to the picturization of animated movies
Management of children in the dental office Aversive Conditioning:
- It includes
- Physical restraints
- Use of mouth props
- Restraint of the patient by the dentist & assistant
- Physical restraints
- Home technique
Management of children in the dental office Drug Therapy:
- Used when basic techniques do not work
- Used in
- Very young children
- Very apprehensive children
- Physically handicapped children
- Mentally handicapped children
- Drugs used
- Sedative & hypnotics
- Anti-anxiety drugs
- Narcotics
Question 2. Dental practice management.
Answer:
Practice management the Dental Office Setting:
- Selection of the location
- Locate where there are few dentists
- In town, surrounded by villages, near a bus stop
- In a city near the railway station, a shopping complex
- Close to government commercial offices, corporate & business houses
- Located in a place from where ladies can commute easily without fear
1. Selection of the building:
- Select the dental office in a new building
- It should be well-ventilated, with proper electrical, water & drainage system
- It should have a parking facility
2. Designing of the dental office:
- A spacious waiting room, work area, x-ray room, laboratory, resting place, toilet, etc
- Furniture must be durable, aesthetic & comfortable
- Placement of each electrical equipment & gadget required
- The exact position of the dental chair & unit, wash basin
- Autoclaving & sterilization done in a separate chamber
- The compressor & the generator should be kept as far away as possible
Management Of Dental Office:
- A dentist may appoint a full-time receptionist, a dental assistant
- Fair salaries & good benefits are necessary to avoid job dissatisfaction
Practice management Patient System:
- Dentists should have good communication with their patients
- He should be aware of the timings, weekly holidays, etc
- An appointment book should be maintained
- The clinic should be open at least 30 minutes before the first appointment
- Should have proper disposal of waste
Behavioural Management Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Home technique.
Answer:
Home technique
- Home: Hand Over Mouth Exercise
- It is an accepted technique for intercepting & managing demonstrably unsuitable behaviour
Home technique Procedure
- The dentist gently places his hand on the child’s mouth
- He then whispers in the child’s ear that if he cooperates, the hand will be removed
- Once the child cooperates complements the child for good behaviour
- Physical restraints are used only as a last resort
Question 2. Reinforcement.
Answer:
Reinforcement
It means any consequences which increase the likelihood of a behavior being shown
Reinforcement Types:
- Primary
- Based on primary biological needs
- Example: food, clothing
- Secondary
- Involves that are not intrinsically rewarding
- Example: praise
- Positive
- It is a pleasant reinforcement
- It increases the likelihood of behaviour
- Example: voice modulation, facial expression
- Negative
- It is an unpleasant event thus it can be avoided
- Example: threats of failing an examination
Question 3. Modeling in behavior management.
Answer:
Modelling in behavior management
Developed by Bandura in 1969
Behavior management requirements:
- Expended concentrated attention
- Presence of sufficient retention of desirable behaviour
- Must reproduce effectively the behaviour modeled
- The newly acquired behavior must be appropriately rewarded
Behavior management Uses:
- To achieve the attention of the child
- To alleviate anxiety
- To encourage preventive care at home
- Reduces uncertainty
Behavioural Management Viva Voce
- Voice control is an effective communicative technique using sudden and firm commands to stop disruptive behavior and to get the child’s attention
- HOME and physical restraints are methods of aversive conditioning
- Behavior followed by termination of an aversive event is negative reinforcement
- The show-do technique shapes the patient’s response to procedures through desensitization
- Tell show-do technique uses verbal explanation, demonstration, and completion of the task
- Modeling is an important component of social learning theory.
Cultural taboos Important Notes
1. Social norms
- They indicate the established and approved ways of doing things, of dress, of speech, and of appearance
- They are rules that a group uses for appropriate and inappropriate values, beliefs, attitudes, and behaviors
- Types: folkways, mores, and taboos
2. Folkways
They are the patterns of conventional behavior in society and norms that apply to everyday matters
3. Mores
- They are norms or lessons that express fundamental values of society
- They are derived from the established practices of society
- Some important mores are converted into laws to ensure implementations
4. Taboos
It is a strong social prohibition or ban against words, objects, actions, or discussions that are considered undesirable or offensive by a group, culture, society, or community
Cultural taboos Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Taboos related to dentistry in India.
Answer:
Taboos related to dentistry in India
- Some taboos may lead to severe penalties while others result in embarrassment, shame & rudeness
- Example:
- Tooth avulsion
- Lacquering and dyeing of teeth
- Tattooing