Anatomy Back Of Thigh Lower Limb Question And Answers

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Back Of Thigh Question And Answers

Question 1. Give a description of back of the thigh. What are its contents?
Answer:

Back of the thigh

Back of thigh extends from the gluteal fold above to the back of the knee joint below. It is completely separated from anterior compartment by the lateral intermuscular septum but incompletely separated by an ill-defined posterior intermuscular septum with medial compartment.

Back Of Thigh Contents

  • Muscles
    • Hamstring muscles
    • Short head of biceps femoris.
  • Nerve
    • Sciatic nerve.
  • Arteries
    • Arterial anastomosis in back of the thigh
    • Perforating branches of the profundal femoris artery.

Question 2. Write a note on the hamstring muscles. Explain their origin, insertion, nerve supply, and actions.
Answer:

Hamstring muscles

  1. Semitendinosus
  2. Semimembranosus
  3. Biceps femoris (only long head)
  4. Ischial head of adductor magnus.
  • Characteristic features of hamstring muscles are All of them:
    • Arises from the ischial tuberosity
    • Inserted into either one bone of leg
    • Supplied by the tibial part of the sciatic nerve
    • Are floors of knee and extensors of the hip joint.
  • The tibial collateral ligament of the knee joint morphologically represents the degenerated tendon of the adductor magnus muscle which is attached below to the tibia, so it is considered as hamstring muscle.
  • The short head of biceps femoris is not considered as hamstring muscle.

Hamstring Muscles Biceps Femoris

Back Of Thing Hamstring Muscles Biceps Femoris

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Back Of Thing Attachments Of The Semimembranosus Muscle

Back Of Thing Attachments Of The Semitendinosus Muscle

Back Of Thing Attachments Of The Biceps Femoris Muscle

Rest of Muscles of Posterior Compartment of Thigh

Back Of Thing Rest Of Muscles Of posterior Compartment Of Thigh

Hamstring Muscles Clinical Anatomy

  • If hamstring muscles are paralyzed gluteus maximus muscle alone is not capable of maintaining erect poster, person cannot stand.
  • In some persons hamstrings are short and they cannot touch the toe when extending the knee and they are not fit for gymnastics.

Back Of Thing Cross-section At The Level Of Midthigh To Depict Contents Of Osteofascial Compartments

Question 3. Draw the cross-section at the level of mid-thigh.
Answer:

The cross-section at the level of mid-thigh

Back Of Thing Transverse Section Through The Middle Of Left Thigh

Question 4. Write a note on the popliteal fossa with its boundaries and contents. How popliteal artery, tibial nerve, and popliteal vein are arranged in the popliteal fossa?
Answer:

Popliteal fossa with its boundaries

Back Of Thing Popliteal Fossa

The popliteal fossa is a diamond-shaped depression, lying behind of knee joint, the lower part of the femur, and upper part of the tibia, best felt at the back of the semi-fixed knee joint.

Popliteal Fossa Boundaries

  1. Superomedially
    • Semitendinosus and semimembranosus
  2. Inferomedially
    • The medial head of the gastrocnemius
  3. Inferolaterally
    • The lateral head of the gastrocnemius and plantaris muscle
  4. Floor/anterior wall
    • From above downwards:
      • The popliteal surface of the femur
      • The capsule of knee joint and oblique popliteal ligament
      • Popliteal fascia covering popliteus muscle
    • The popliteal surface of the tibia
  5. Roof/posterior wall
    • Deep fascial popliteal fascia
    • Superficial fascia containing
      • Small saphenous vein
      • Cutaneous nerves
        • The terminal part of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
        • The posterior division of medial cutaneous nerve of the thigh
        • Sural communicating nerve

Popliteal Fossa Contents

  • Popliteal artery and branches
  • Popliteal vein and branches
  • Tibial nerve and branches
  • Common peroneal nerve and branches
  • Popliteal pad of fat
  • The terminal part of posterior cutaneous nerve of thigh
  • Descending genicular branch of obturator nerve
  • Terminal part of the short saphenous vein.

Arrangements of the Popliteal Artery, Tibial Nerve and Popliteal Vein in Popliteal Fossa

  • In the upper part of the popliteal fossa from medial to lateral side: Artery, vein, nerve (AVN)
  • In the middle part of the popliteal fossa from superficial to deep: Nerve, vein, artery (NVA)
  • In the lower part of the fossa from medial to lateral
  • side: Nerve, vein, artery (NVA).

 

 

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