Health Education Definitions
Health Education
- Health education is a process that informs, motivates & helps people to adopt & maintain healthy practices & lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal & conducts professional training & research to the same end
Community Dentistry
- It is concerned with dental disease prevention & dental health care services to all the people of the community, the rich, the poor, the educated, the disadvantaged, middle class, urban & rural persons of every racial, religious & ethnic group
Propaganda
- It is a publicity campaign aimed at presenting a particular thing/ concept in a favorable light in such a way that the public may accept it without thinking about it analytically
Health Education Important Notes
1. Principles of health education
- Credibility:
- Interest
- Participation
- Motivation
- Comprehension:
- Reinforcement
- Learning by doing:
- Known to unknown
- Setting an example
- Good human relation
- Feedback
- Leaders
2. Soil, seed, sower
It forms the important components of any health education program All components are interdependent and result in dynamic interaction
3. Approaches to health education
- Individual approach
- Personal contact
- Personal letters
- Home visits
- Group approach
- Lecture
- Demonstration
- Discussion methods
- Group discussion
- Panel discussion
- Workshop
- Symposium
- Seminars and conferences
- Role-playing
- Mass media
- TV
- Radio
- Newspapers
- Printed material
- Direct mailing
- Posters, billboards, signs
- Health museums and exhibitions
- Folk media
- Internet
- Mobile
Health Education Long Essays
Question 1. Define Health education. Write about principles. of health education, discuss the role of mass media in educating people at large (or) Define health education. Write in detail about the principles of health education (or) Define health education. Give your plan for educating the population of Andhra Pradesh on the prevention of dental diseases.
Answer:
Health Education Definition:
- Health education is a process that informs, motivates & helps people to adopt & maintain healthy practices & lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal & conducts professional training & research to the same end
Health education Principles:
Health education Credibility:
Health education Interest:
- The health educator should identify the felt needs of the people
- Health education should relate to the interest of the people
Health education Participation:
- The health educator should encourage people to participate in the program
- Group discussions, panel discussions, and workshops all provide opportunities for active learning
Health education Motivation:
Health education Definition: the fundamental desire for learning in an individual
Health education Types: primary & secondary
- Primary motive: inborn desires. Ex. Food, clothing, housing
- Secondary motives: desires resulting from outside forces. Ex. Gifts, love, word of praise, reward
- Health education can be facilitated by the motivation provided by the desire to achieve individual goals
Health education Comprehension:
- The health educator must know the level of understanding, education & literacy of people
- Words that are strange/ new to the people should not
- Teaching should be within the mental capacity of the audience
Health education Reinforcement:
- Repetition of new concepts done at regular intervals helps people to understand it
Health education Learning by Doing:
- If the learning process is accompanied by doing new things, it is better instilled in the minds of the people
- It is based on the famous Chinese proverb, “If I hear, I forget, if I see, I remember, if I do, I know”
Read And Learn More: Percentive Communitive Dentistry Question And Answers
Health education Known to Unknown:
- Health education should start where the people are & with what they understand & then proceed to new knowledge
Health education Setting an Example:
- The health educator should set an example for other people to follow
Health education Good Human Relations:
- The health educator must be kind, sympathetic & should have good personal qualities
Health education Feedback:
- It is necessary to find out if any modifications are needed
Health education Leaders:
- If the leaders are convinced first about the program, then implementing the program will be easy as they are respected by the people of the community
Health education Soil. seed & Sower:
- The people are the soil
- Seeds: health facts- must be truthful
- Sower: transmitting media- should be attractive, pal- a table & acceptable
Health education Role of Mass Media:
Useful in transmitting messages to people even in remote areas
- It can reach a large number of people
- People of all socio-economic statuses irrespective of their caste, creed & religion have access to health education
- The effectiveness can give high returns for the time & money involved.
Question 2. Define community dentistry. What are the dif- be used different methods for mass communication? (or) Public health approach/mass approach
Answer:
Community dentistry Definition:
- It is concerned with dental disease prevention & dental health care services to all the people of the community, the rich, the poor, the educated, the disadvantaged, middle class, urban & rural persons of every racial, religious & ethnic group
1. Mass Approach:
- Most common & effective approach
community dentistry Advantage:
- Reaches a large number of people
- Useful for people irrespective of their socio-economic status, caste, creed, or religion.
community dentistry Disadvantage:
- One-way communication
- Media
Mass Communication:
Question 3. Define Health education. What are the different approaches in health education? Discuss the most common & effective approach used.
Answer:
Health Education Definition:
- Health education is a process that informs, motivates & helps people to adopt & maintain healthy practices & lifestyles, advocates environmental changes as needed to facilitate this goal & conducts professional training & research to the same end
Approaches In Health Education:
Individual Approach:
- It is used by public health personnel like public health Advantage: nurses, health visitors & health inspectors
- They interact with the individual & their families
Health education Advantage:
- Can be done in the dentist’s consultation room
- Can discuss, argue & persuade the individual to change the Disadvantages of his behavior
- Provide the opportunity for the individual for asking questions & clear doubts
Health education Disadvantage:
- The number we reach is small
Health Education Group Approach
- An effective way of educating the community
- Methods
Health Education Mass Approach
- Most common & effective approach
Health education Advantage
- Reaches a large number of people
- Useful for people irrespective of their socio-economic status, caste, creed, or religion.
Health education Disadvantage
- One-way communication
Media:
- Refer to the previous question
Health Education Short Essays
Question 1. Differentiating between health education & Health education should relate to the interest of the propaganda.
Answer:
Difference between Health education and propaganda
Question 2. Visual aids to health education.
Answer:
- It helps individuals to understand better
Classification:
Question 3. Barriers to communication/ health education.
Answer:
Psychological:
- Emotional disturbances, depression, or neurosis
- When interacting with individuals with these problems, special methods & utmost care should be adopted
Physiological:
- Include difficulties in self-expression, difficulties in hearing/seeing, difficulties in understanding
- While educating them specific media of communication should be selected
Environmental:
- Including excessive noise, difficulties in vision & congestion
- Overcome by making small groups
Cultural:
- It depends on levels of knowledge & understanding, customs, beliefs, attitudes
Question 4. Models of health education.
Answer:
Medical Model:
- It is concerned with the identification & treatment of diseases & technological advances to facilitate this process
- This medical information is provided to people
- But as it doesn’t give importance to the social, cultural & psychological factors it couldn’t succeed
Motivation Model:
- To make the health information effective, the individual is motivated to put it into action
Social Intervention Model:
- This model describes the importance of social environment besides focusing on an individual’s health
Question 5. Contents of health education.
Answer:
Human Biology:
- Children are taught about
- Parts of the human body & their functions
- Importance of good health
- Need for exercise, adequate rest & sleep
- Adverse habits like smoking, alcohol
- Methods of first aid
Nutrition:
- People should be taught about
- Nutritive value of foodstuffs
- Effect of nutrition on health
- Optimum & balanced diet
Hygiene:
- People are taught about
- The impotence of hygiene & methods of maintaining it
Aspects:
- Personal hygiene
- Environmental hygiene
- Domestic hygiene
- Community hygiene
Family Health Care:
- It is to strengthen & improve the family health espe- cially maternal oral health to improve the oral health of the child
Control Of Communicable & Non-Communicable Diseases:
- It is to provide knowledge about common signs & symp- Q. 1. Chalk and talk method. toms of disease & their prevention
Prevention Of Accidents:
- People are taught about basic safety rules & use of mouth guards while doing sports to prevent oro-facial trauma
Use Of Health Services:
Question 6. Educational aids.
Answer:
Educational aids
- Suitable for group
- Effective when used in a good environment with good light. Each speaker presents as aspect of the subject briefly ing, ventilation, temperature & comfortable seating
Auditory Aids:
- Based on the principles of sound, electricity & magnetism
Aids:
- Megaphones, gramophones, tape recorders, radio, sound amplifier
- Advantage
- Can reproduce any kind of spoken words
- Used for entertainment & mass communication
Visual Aids:
- It helps individuals to understand better
- Classification
Combination Of Audio-Visual Aids:
- It creates a better presentation as it combines both sound & sight
- It includes
- Television
- Tape & slide combination
- Video cassette players & recorder
- Motion pictures or cinemas
Health Education Short Question And Answers
Question 1. Chalk and talk methods
Answer:
Chalk and talk methods
- It is a method of group health education method
- Consists of an opening statement giving the theme of the lecture
- In it, the group should not exceed more than 30 people
- Duration should not exceed 15-20 minutes
- It should be based on the topic of people’s interest
Question 2. Symposium.
Answer:
Symposium
- It comprises a series of speeches on a selected topic
- Each speaker presents an aspect of the subject briefly
- No discussion occurs among speakers
- In the end, the audience may ask questions & at last, the chairman makes a summary of the topic
Question 3. Motivation.
Answer:
Motivation
- Definition: the fundamental desire for learning in an individual
- Types: primary & secondary
- Primary motive: inborn desires. Ex. Food, clothing, housing
- Secondary motives: desires resulting from outside forces. Ex. Gifts, love, word of praise, reward
- Health education can be facilitated by the motivation provided by the desire to achieve individual goals
Question 4. Audio-visual aids.
Answer:
Audio-visual aids
- It creates a better presentation as it combines both sound & sight
- It includes
- Television
- Tape & slide combination
- Video cassette players & recorder
- Motion pictures or cinemas
Health Education Viva Voce
- A series of charts displayed one after the other before a group is a flip chart.
- A series of speeches on a selected subject is a symposium.
- A carefully prepared presentation to show how to perform a skill or procedure is called a demonstration
- Mass media is an example of one-way communication
- Health education failing as a result of illiteracy is due to cultural barrier
- Health education differs from propaganda in develop- ing reflective behavior
- The Chinese proverb ” If I hear, I forget, if I see I remember, if I do I know” illustrates learning by doing the principle of health education.
- Education can be given only to people who come in contact with an individual approach is it limitation.