Oral Medicine Red And White Lesions Short Answers
Question 1. Etiology and risk factors for oral cancer
Answer:
Etiology and risk factors for oral cancer
Question 2. Local and general predisposing factors for oral candidiasis
Answer:
- Local predisposing factors
- Changes in oral microbial flora
- Occurs owing to administration of antibiotics, excessive use of antibacterial mouth rinses, xerostomia, secondary to anticholinergic agents
- Local irritant
- Chronic irritants due to dentures, orthodontic appliances, and heavy smoke
- Changes in oral microbial flora
- Systemic factors
- Drug therapy
- Administration of corticosteroids, cytotoxic drugs, immunosuppressive agents
- Acute and chronic diseases
- Leukemia, lymphoma, diabetes, and tuberculosis
- Malnutrition
- Age- Infancy, pregnancy, and old age
- Endocrinopathy- Hypoparathyroidism, hypotony- iodism, Addison’s disease
- Immunodeficiency states
- Drug therapy
Question 3. Traumatic keratosis
Answer:
Traumatic keratosis
It refers to an isolated area of thickened whitish oral mucosa
Etiology:
- Local irritants- 111 fitting dentures, sharp clasp, and rough edges of restoration
- Cigarette smoking
Clinical Features:
- Commonly involves are lip and buccal mucosa
- Appears as an isolated thickened whitish area
- Glassblower’s white patch- it is a variant of traumatic keratosis affecting the cheek and lips that occurs in a glass factory
Management:
- Removal of local Irritants
Question 4. Carcinoma in situ.
Answer:
Carcinoma in situ
It is the most severe stage of epithelial dysplasia, which involves the entire thickness of the epithelium with the basement membrane intact
Carcinoma in situ Clinical Features:
- Age: Elderly patients
- Sex: common in males
Carcinoma in situ Presentation:
- Appears as white plaques or ulcerated areas
- Site: Floor of the mouth, tongue, lip, etc
- Appears as leukoplakia or erythroplakia
Carcinoma in situ Treatment:
- Surgery
- Radiotherapy
- Electrocautery
Question 5. Id reaction.
Answer:
Id reaction
- A person with chronic Candida infection may develop a secondary response characterized by localized or generalized sterile vesicopapular rash
- It may be due to an allergic response to Candida antigen.
Question 6. White sponge nevus.
Answer:
Etiology:
- An autosomal dominant genetic defect
White sponge nevus Features:
- Diffuse, thickened white lesion
- Has a corrugated appearance
- Occurs bilaterally over Buccal mucosa
- Occasionally involves the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and labial mucosa
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- It is a painless lesion
- Persistent in nature
- Usually present during early childhood
- May also involve mucosa of the larynx, esophagus, and vagina
White sponge nevus Differential Diagnosis:
- Leukoedema
- Frictional keratosis
- Plaque type lichen planus
- Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
White sponge nevus Treatment:
- No treatment necessary
Question 7. Types of oral candidiasis.
(or)
Classification of oral candidiasis.
Answer:
Types of oral candidiasis
- Oral Candidiasis
- Acute
- Acute pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Acute atrophic candidiasis
- Chronic
- Chronic atrophic candidiasis
- Denture stomatitis
- Median rhomboid glossitis
- Angular cheilitis
- Chronic atrophic candidiasis
- ID reaction
- Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
- Chronic mucocutaneous candidiasis
- Familial CMC
- Localized CMC
- Diffused CMC
- Candidiasis endocrinopathy syndrome
Question 8. Oral hairy leukoplakia.
Answer:
Etiology:
- Hyperplasia of the oral epithelium with a production of excess keratin caused by Epstein- Burr virus infection
- The surface of the lesion is frequently infected with Candida albicans
- Occurs most commonly in individuals with compromised immunity secondary to HIV
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Features:
- Adherent white plaque is located most often on the lateral borders of the tongue
- The surface of each lesion is characteristically corrugated or shaggy in appearance
- Typically bilateral
- Usually painless
- Persistent lesion
- More common in young adult males
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Differential Diagnosis:
- Frictional keratosis
- Plaque type lichen planus
- Chronic hyperplastic candidiasis
- Smoking related leukoplakia
Oral Hairy Leukoplakia Treatment:
- Some patients respond to high doses of Acyclovir
- Lesions often recur when treatment is stopped
Question 9. Linea alba.
Answer:
Linea alba
It refers to the line of keratinization, found on the buccal mucosa parallel to the line of occlusion.
Etiology:
- Diet: Hard Food
- Frictional irritation- Due to contact of teeth with Mucosa.
- Increased overjet
- Other: Smoking and environmental irritants.
Linea alba Clinical Features:
- Site: Buccal mucosa at the line of occlusion.
- Presentation:
- Palate and gingiva appear whiter.
- The line extends from the commissure to most posterior teeth.
Linea alba Management:
- Spontaneous treatment.
Oral Medicine Red And White Lesions Viva Voce
- Tobacco is the major causative factor of leukoplakia
- Nonsmokers have a high percentage of leukoplakia at the border of the tongue
- The floor of the mouth has the highest rate of malignant transformation of leukoplakia
- Wickham’s striae are found in the reticular type of oral lichen planus
- Leukoplakia is the most common precancerous lesion
- Krythroplakia is the most malignant precancerous lesion
- Civatte bodies is seen in lichen planus
- Civatte bodies are often present in spinous and basal layers
- Saw tooth retepegs are seen in lichen planus
- Wickham’s striae is a feature of lichen planus Candida that occurs in three forms: pseudohyphae, yeast, and chlamydospores
- Thrush is prone to occur in debilitated or chronically ill patients
- Angular cheilitis is due to chronic atrophic candidiasis