General Properties Of Viruses Virology Short And Long Essay Question And Answers

General Properties Of Viruses Important Notes

1. Features Of Virus

• Lacks enzymes required for protein and nucleic acid synthesis
• Do not possess cellular organization
• Contains only one type of nucleic acid
• Multiply by a complex process

Read And Learn More: Microbiology Question and Answers

2. Structure Consists Of

• Genome
• Capsid
• Envelope

3. Cultivation Of Virus

• Animal inoculation
• Embryonated egg inoculation
• Tissue culture

4. Classification Of Virus

• Enveloped and non-enveloped virus
• Based on their affinity to a different system
  • Thermotropic
  • Neurotropic
  • Pneumotropic
  • Viscerotropic

General Properties Of Viruses Long Essays

Question 1. Explain the methods of isolation of viruses.
Answer:

Methods employed for the cultivation of viruses are

• Animal inoculation.
• Embryonated egg inoculation.
• Tissue culture.
  • Organ culture
  • Explant culture
  • Cell culture

• Animal Inoculation Uses:
  • Primary isolation of certain viruses
  • To study viral oncogenesis
  • To study the pathogenesis of certain viruses.
  • Animals used are
    • Mice – for arboviruses and coxsackie virus
    • Guinea pigs.
    • Rabbits
  • Routes Of Inoculation Used
    • Intracerebral
    • Sub-cutaneous
    • Intraperitoneal
    • Intranasal
  • Steps
    • Inoculation of animals
    • Observation of animals for signs of disease
    • Animals are killed
    • Their tissues are tested for the presence of virus
• Embryonated Egg Inoculation:
  • Embryonated hen’s eggs are inoculated by different routes

• Tissue Cultures:
  • Cell Culture:
    • Routinely employed for diagnostic virology.
    • Tissues are disassociated into the component cells by the action of proteolytic enzymes such as trypsin.
    • Cell cultures are classified into three types based on their origin, and chromosomal characteristics.

General Properties Of Viruses Short Essays

Question 1. Mention the characters of viruses.
Answer:

General Characters Of Viruses:

• Viruses are the smallest obligate intracellular infective agents.
• Only one type of nucleic acid either DNA (or) RNA act as their genomes.
• They have no metabolic activity outside the living cells.
• They do not possess a cellular organization.
• They lack the enzymes necessary for protein and nucleic acid synthesis.
• They do not grow in inanimate media.
• They are resistant to antibiotics.
• They multiplied by a complex process but not by binary fusion.
• They are ultramicroscopic particles.

General Properties Of Viruses Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Classification of viruses
Answer:

• Viruses are classified into two major groups based on the nucleic acid they possess
• They are:

DNA Viruses:

• Poxviridae family
• Herpes viridian family
• Adeno viridian family
• Pap ova viridian family
• Parvo viridian family
• Hepadna viridae family

RNA Viruses:

• Picorna viridae family
• Orthomyxo viridian family
• Paramyxo viridian family
• Toga viridian family
• Flavi viridian family
• Rhabdo viridian family
• Retro viridian family
• Corona viridae family
• Filoviridae family