Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Question And Answers

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Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Important Notes

1. Classical antipsychotic drills – block dopamine D2 receptors

  • Chlorpromazine
  • Halo peridot
  • Zudopenthixol
  • Thioridazine

2. Atypical antipsychotic drugs – block 5-HT2 and D4 receptors

  • Clozapine
  • Olanzapine
  • Risperidone

Read And Learn More: Pharmacology Question and Answers

3. Disorders Adverse effects of antipsychotic drugs

Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Adverse Effect Of Anti-Psychotic Drugs

4. Anti-anxiety drugs

Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Anti-Anxiety Drugs

5. Oxazepam

  • It is preferred in elders and in patients with liver disease
  • Duration of action is short
  • Used mainly in short-lasting anxiety

6. Migraine

  • Drugs used for its treatment
    • Mild – simple analgesics + antiemetic
    • Moderate – NSAIDs combination
    • Severe – ergot alkaloids + antiemetic + prophylaxis
  • Drugs used for prophylaxis
    • Propranolol
    • Amitriptyline
    • Flunarizine
    • Valproate
    • Methysergide

7. Chlorpromazine

  • It belongs to the phenothiazine
  • Exhibit antipsychotic action by blocking dopaminergic receptors in CNS
  • They are also potent antiemetics

8. Antidepressants

  • Act by inhibiting the uptake of biogenic amines like noradrenaline, serotonin, and dopamine
  • They are
  • Tricyclic compounds – Imipramine, Amitriptyline
  • MOA inhibitor – Isocarboxazid, Phenelzine

Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Short Essays

Question 1. Chlorpromazine.
Answer:

Chlorpromazine is phenothiazine with an aliphatic side chain.

Chlorpromazine Mechanism of action:

  • Chlorpromazine has potent dopamine D2 receptor-blocking action.
  • It also blocks Dl, D3, and D4 receptors.

Chlorpromazine Actions:

1. Chlorpromazine CNS effects.

  • In normal individuals.
    • Reduces motor activity.
    • Produces drowsiness.
    • Reduces initiative.
  • In psychotic individuals.
    • Reduces irritational behavior, agitation, and aggressiveness.
    • Normalises sleep.
  • Other actions.
    • Cortex – lowers the seizure threshold.
    • Hypothalamus – decreases gonadotropin secretion.
    • Basal ganglia – Acts as a dopamine antagonist
    • Brain stem- depresses vasomotor reflexes.
    • CTZ – Act as antiemetic.

2. Chlorpromazine Autonomic nervous system.

Chlorpromazine has anticholinergic properties.

3. Chlorpromazine CVS

Has a myocardial depressant effect

4. Chlorpromazine Local anesthesia – Has local anesthetic effect.

5. Chlorpromazine Kidney – depresses ADH secretion.

Chlorpromazine Uses:

  • Schizophrenia.
  • Mania.
  • Organic brain syndrome.
  • As antiemetic.
  • Hiccough.
  • Anxiety.

Chlorpromazine Adverse Effects:

1. Chlorpromazine Dose-related.

  • CNS effects – drowsiness, lethargy, mental confusion.
  • CVS effects – postural hypotension, palpitation.
  • Anticholinergic – dry mouth, blurring of vision constipation.
  • Endocrine – amenorrhoea, infertility.
  • Extrapyramidal disturbances – parkinsonism, acute muscle dystonia, akathisia, malignant neuroleptic syndrome, tardive dyskinesia.
  • Others – weight gain, blue pigmentation of skin, corneal ulceration, retinal degeneration, cardiac arrhythmia.

2. Chlorpromazine Hypersensitivity reactions.

  • Cholestatic jaundice.
  • Skin rashes, urticaria, contact dermatitis
  • Agranulocytosis.

Question 2. Classification of antipsychotic drugs.
Answer:

Anti-psychotic drugs/neuroleptics:

These drugs have a therapeutic effect on psychosis.

1. Anti-psychotic drugs Phenothiazines

  • Aliphatic side chain – chlorpromazine, trifluoro- magazine.
  • Piperidine side chain – thioridazine.
  • Piperazine side chain. Trifluoperazine, fluphenazine.

2. Anti-psychotic drugs Butyrophenones

Haloperidol, trifluperiodol, penfluridol.

3. Anti-psychotic drugs Thioxanthenes

Flupenthixol.

4. Anti-psychotic drugs Other heterocyclics

Pimozide, loxapine.

5. Anti-psychotic drugs Atypical antipsychotics

Clozapine, risperidone, olanzapine, quetiapine.

Question 3. Neuroleptoanalgesia.
Answer:

Neuroleptanalgesia is a state of analgesia characterized by quiescence, psychic indifference, and intense analgesia without loss of consciousness.

It is obtained by a combination of.

1. Fentanyl – 0.05 mg – short-acting drug.

2. Droperidol – 2.5 mg/ml – rapidly acting drug.

4 – 6 ml of it is infused IV for 10 min.

Neuroleptoanalgesia Advantages:

The patient is drowsy but cooperative.

Neuroleptoanalgesia Adverse Effects:

  • Respiratory depression.
  • Slight fall in BP and heart rate.
  • Extrapyramidal symptoms may be present.

Neuroleptoanalgesia Uses:

  • Endoscopies.
  • Burn dressing.
  • Angiography.
  • Diagnostic procedures.
  • Minor surgical procedures.

Drugs Used In Psychiatric Disorders Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Four drugs are used in mental depression.
(or)
Anti-depressants.
Answer:

Anti-depressants Classification:

1. Reversible inhibitors of MAO-A.

Moclobemide, clorgyline.

2. Tricyclic antidepressant

  • Na + 5 HT reuptake inhibitors.
  • Imipramine, Trimipramine, Amitriptyline.
  • Predominantly NA reuptake inhibitors
  • Desipramine, nortriptyline.

3. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Fluoextine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine.

4. Atypical antidepressants.

Trazodone, minaserin, mirtazapine, venlafaxine.

Question 2. Analeptic drugs.
Answer:

Analeptic drugs are drugs that stimulate respiration and have resuscitative effects in fainting or coma.

Analeptic drugs Uses:

  • Hypnotic drug poisoning.
  • Suffocation on drowning.
  • Respiratory failure due to removal of the hypoxic drive.
  • Apnea in premature infants.

Analeptic drugs Adverse Effects:

  • Convulsion.
  • Postictal depression.

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