Drugs Used In Periodontal Therapy

Drugs Used In Periodontal Therapy Short Essays

Question 1. Why antibiotics are not routinely used in periodontal therapy?
Answer:

Periodontal therapy:

Periodontal Therapy Uses Of Antibiotics:

• Reduce/eliminate bacteria
• Retards bone loss
• Reduce/Eliminate the need for surgery
• Useful in aggressive periodontitis

Read And Learn More: Periodontics Question and Answers

periodontal therapy Not Used Routinely:

• Despite the above use, systemic administration is not recommended routinely as
  • It produces systemic effects
  • Disturbs the functioning of various systems of the body, such as GIT
  • Certain drugs are contraindicated in certain conditions like pregnancy
  • Besides, this systemic administration is useless unless there is plaque and calculus removal.
  • The presence of a thick band of calculus prevents the penetration of the drug into the site
• Thus, it is used only as an adjunctive.

Question 2. Tetracycline in periodontics
Answer:

• Tetracycline are widely used drugs in the treatment of periodontal diseases

Tetracycline in Periodontics Clinical Use:

• It is used as an adjunct in the treatment of localized aggressive periodontitis
• A contains is a frequent microorganism associated with localized aggressive periodontitis and is tissue invasive, Therefore mechanical removal of calculus and plaque from root surfaces may not eliminate this bacterium from periodontal tissues
• Systemic tetracycline in conjunction with scaling and root planning can
  • Eliminate tissue bacteria
  • Arrest bone loss
  • Suppresses A.a. comitans
  • Allows mechanical removal of root surface deposits and elimination of pathogenic bacteria from within tissues

Tetracycline in periodontics Actions:

• Has the ability to concentrate in periodontal tissues
• Inhibits growth of A.a. contains
• Exerts anti-collagenase effect
• Inhibits tissue destruction
• Aids in bone Regeneration

Tetracycline in periodontics Dose:

• 250 mg Qid

Tetracycline in Periodontics Side Effects:

• GI disturbances
• Photosensitivity
• Hypersensitivity
• Increased blood urea nitrogen
• Dizziness, headache
• Blood dysplasias
• Tooth discoloration in children

Question 3. LDD (Local Drug Delivery).
Answer:

LDD Advantages:

• Greater concentrations of drug at the site
• Slow release of drug
• Direct effect on the area
• Reduced systemic effects

LDD Contraindications:

• Allergic to drug
• Children below 10 years

LDD Drugs Used:

Question4. Methods of Delivery.
Answer:

1. Keye’s technique:

• Apply slurry of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide over tooth brush
• Tooth brushing

Limitation: Does not reach periodontal pocket

2. Root Bio-modification:

• Application of root conditioner during surgery

Methods of Delivery Effects:

• Prevents long junctional epithelium
• Improves healing

Methods of Delivery Agents Used:

• Tetracycline
• Citric acid pH1
• Fibronectin

3. Irrigation:

Methods of Delivery Types:

• Home Irrigation
  • Supra gingival
  • Subgingival
  • Marginal
• Professional Irrigation
  • It delivers medicament into the periodontal pockets via irrigation devices

Question 5. Compare local and systemic drug delivery systems.
Answer:

Question 6. Metronidazole in periodontal therapy
Answer:

• Metronidazole is a nitroimidazole compound used to treat protozoal infections

Metronidazole  Spectrum Of Activity:

• Effective against
  • A. contains
  • P. gingivalis
  • P. intermedia

Metronidazole Uses In Periodontics:

• To treat
  • Gingivitis
  • Acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
  • Chronic periodontitis
  • Aggressive periodontitis
• A single dose of metronidazole appears in both serum and GCF
• When administered systemically, it reduces the growth of anaerobic flora
• Used as a supplement to rigorous scaling and root planning Subgingival use
  • A dental gel containing metronidazole benzoate is used
  • It gets converted into an active substance by esterases in GCF

Adverse Effects:

• GIT effects
  • Nausea, anorexia, abdominal pain, metallic taste in the mouth, looseness of stool
  • Headache, stomatitis, glossitis, dryness of mouth, furry tongue, dizziness, rashes, neutropenia, insomnia
  • Prolonged use causes peripheral neuropathy High doses cause convulsions

Drugs Used In Periodontal Therapy Short Question And Answers

Question 1. Advantages of LDD
Answer:

• Greater concentration of drug at the site
• Slow release of drug
• Direct effect on the area
• Reduced systemic effects

Question 2. Periochip
Answer:

• It is a small chip composed of a biodegradable hydrosol-lazed gelatin matrix cross-linked with glyceraldehyde
• It also contains glycerin and water
• 2.5 mg of chlorhexidine is incorporated into it
• It slowly releases chlorhexidine and maintains drug concentration in gingival crevicular fluid for at least 7 days
• Size of chip: 4*5*0.35 mm

Question 3. Keye’s technique
Answer:

• It refers to the application of a slurry of sodium bicarbonate and hydrogen peroxide over the toothbrush
• Tooth brushing of it is done

Keye’s technique Limitation:

It does not reach the periodontal pocket

Question 4. Activity
Answer:

• Among tetracycline-releasing devices, the most widely. It should be selective and effective against micro- used is activity periodontal fiber
• It is a monolithic thread of a biologically inert, non-than retard resorbable plastic copolymer containing 25% tetracycline hydrochloride powder
• The fiber is packed into a periodontal pocket secured with a thin layer of cyanoacrylate adhesive and left in place for 7–12 days
• Due to the continuous delivery of tetracycline, a local concentration of active drug in excess of 1000 mg/l can be. Maintained throughout the period

Activity Effects:

• Decreases pocket depth
• Increases attachment levels
• Decreases bleeding tendency

Question 5. Define antiseptic and antibiotics
Answer:

Antiseptic:

• Antiseptic is an agent that destroys microorganisms and can be used on living tissues

Antibiotics:

• An antibiotic is a chemical substance produced by microorganisms that have the capacity to inhibit the growth or kill another organism in a dilute solution

Question 6. Arestin
Answer:

• Ares tin is a locally delivered, sustained-release form of minocycline microsphere
• It is used for subgingival placement as an adjunct to scaling and root planning
• 2% minocycline is encapsulated into bioresorbable mi- mi-microspheres in a gel carrier

Ares tin Effects:

• Increase in clinical attachment level in patients with pockets of 6 mm or greater
• Reduction in probing depth
• It should destroy microorganisms rather

Question 7. Properties of ideal antibiotics
Answer:

• It should be selective and effective against microorganisms without injuring the host
• It should destroy microorganisms rather than retard their growth
• It should not become ineffective as a result of bacterial resistance
• It should not be inactivated by enzymes, plasma pro- teens or body fluids
• It should quickly reach bactericidal levels in the entire body and be maintained for long periods
• It should have minimal side effects

Drugs Used In Periodontal Therapy Viva Voce

1. Metronidazole belongs to nitroimidazole
2. The minimum effective concentration of tetracycline needed in GCF is 2-4 μg/m
3. The mechanism of action of metronidazole is to disrupt bacterial DNA synthesis
4. The mechanism of action of penicillin is it inhibits bacterial cell wall production
5. Penicillin is bactericidal
6. Pseudomembranous colitis with diarrhea or cramping is a side effect of clindamycin
7. All strains of A.a.comitans are susceptible to ciprofloxacin
8. The mechanism of action of erythromycin is it inhibits protein synthesis by binding to the 50S ribosomal subunit
9. Atridox is used for subgingival delivery of doxycycline