Dermatological Diseases Short Question And Answer

Oral Medicine Dermatological Diseases Important Notes

1. Various findings of dermatological diseases

2. Ectodermal dysplasia

• It is congenital dysplasia of ectodermal structures
• Manifested as hypohidrosis, hypotrichosis and hypodontia

3. Pemphigus

• Histological features:
  • There is a formation of vesicles or bullae intraepithelial just above the basal layer producing suprabasal split c
  • Intercellular bridges in suprabasal layers disappear due to edema resulting in acantholysis
  • Clumps of degenerating cells are found in vesicular areas called Tzanck cells

4. Scleroderma – features

• Stiff and broad-like tongue
• Lips become rigid
• Microstomia
• Dysphasia
• Inability to open and close mouth
• Extreme widening of PDL

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5. Systemic lupus erythematosus

• It is a multisystem inflammatory disorder

6. Steven Johnson syndrome

• Severe bullous form of erythema multiforme involving the skin, eyes, oral cavity, and genitalia

7. Nikolsky’s sign

• Loss of epithelium due to rubbing resulting in raw sensitive surface
• Seen in
  • Pemphigus
  • Familial benign chronic pemphigus
  • Epidermolysis bullosa

8. Tzanck cells

• They are multinucleated giant cells of epithelial origin
• Seen in
  • Herpes
  • Pemphigus

9. Bulla are seen in

• Intraepithelial bulla
  • Herpes simplex Herpes zoster Chicken pox Pemphigus
  • Familial benign pemphigus
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Oral lesions of eiythema multiforme
• Subepithelial bulla
  • Pemphigoid
  • Bullous pemphigoid
  • Bullous lichen planus
  • Dermatitis herpetiformis
  • Epidermolysis bullosa
  • Skin lesions of erythema multiforme.

Oral Medicine Dermatological Diseases Short Essays

Question 1. Lupus erythematosus.

Answer:

Lupus erythematosus

It is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the destruction of tissue due to the deposition of autoantibodies and immune complexes within it

Lupus erythematosus Types:

Lupus erythematosus Generalized symptoms

• Fever
• Fatigue
• Dysphagia
• Depression
• Splenomegaly
• Lymphadenopathy
• Leucopenia
• Arthritis
• Sjogren’s syndrome
• Raynond’s phenomenon
• Scleroderma
• Pemphigoid
• Pemphigus
• Erythema multiforme

Lupus erythematosus Investigations:

• Anti-nuclear antibodies are present
• Anti-DNA antibodies are present
• Polyclonal hyperactivity of the B lymphocytes
• Decrease in the number of suppressor cells
• Leucopenia
• Thrombocytopenia
• Hemolytic anemia
• Hypergammaglobulinemia
• Profuse proteinuria
• Direct immunofluorescence
  • It reveals deposition of IgG, IgA, and IgM in the base¬ment membrane zone
• Indirect immunofluorescence
  • It reveals circulating auto-antibodies

Lupus erythematosus Management:

• Systemic steroids are given

Question 2. Nikolsky’s sign

Answer:

It is the diagnosis of pemphigus vulgaris

• It is demonstrated by applying gentle pressure over the bullae
• This results in the spreading of the lesion to the adjacent intact surface
• Contacting an intact surface after pressing the lesion will result in the formation of a new lesion

Oral Medicine Dermatological Diseases Short Answers

Question 1. Koplik’s spots.

Answer:

Koplik’s spots

• It is one of the important clinical features of measles
• Site: buccal mucosa
• Presentation
  • The mucosa becomes inflamed
  • Over it, there is the presence of white or white-yellow pinpoint papules

Question 2. Four differences between pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid

Answer:

Differences between pemphigus vulgaris and benign mucous membrane pemphigoid

Question 3. Mucous membrane pemphigoid.

Answer:

Mucous membrane pemphigoid

It is a relatively uncommon vesiculobullous lesion

Rare Vesiculobullous Lesion Clinical Features:

• It usually produces mild erosion or desquamation of the gingival tissue
• Vesicles or bullae arise from mucosal areas that have become erythematous earlier
• In severe cases, large vesicles or bullae develop on the palate, cheek, alveolar mucosa, or tongue
• They are quite large
• They persist for several days
• They are often tense and are relatively tough
• Once the bullae rupture, they leave painful, eroded or ulcerated areas that heal slowly

Question 4. Pemphigus vegetans.

Answer:

Pemphigus vegetans

• It is a common form of pemphigus lesion

Pemphigus vegetans Types:

• Neumann type
• Hallopean type

Pemphigus vegetans Clinical Features:

• Flaccid bullae appear
• They become eroded and form vegetation
• It becomes covered by purulent exudates
• It exhibits inflamed borders
• It terminates in pemphigus Vulgaris

Pemphigus vegetans Oral Manifestations:

• Granular/ cobblestone appearance
• Gingival lesions are lace-like ulcers with purulent sur¬face on a red base or have a granular/ cobblestone appearance

Question 5. Define Vesicle and Pustule.

Answer:

Vesicle:

• These are elevated blisters containing dear fluid that are under 1cm in diameter

Pustule:

• It refers to loa raised lesion containing purulent material

Question 6. Target lesions

Answer:

Target lesions

• Target lesions are a characteristic feature of erythema multiforme
• They appear on extremities
• They are concentric rings resulting from varying shades of erythema giving rise to target, iris, or Bullseye
• They may be purpuric or paler in the center

Question 7. Auspitz sign.

Answer:

Auspitz sign

• It is seen in psoriasis
• If the deep scales on the surface of the lesion are re­moved, one or two tiny bleeding points are often dis­closed
• This phenomenon is known as the “Auspitz sign”

Oral Medicine Dermatological Diseases Viva Voice

1.  Nikolsky’s sign is a feature of Pemphigus
2. Monro’s abscess is found in psoriasis
3. Cicatricial pemphigoid primarily afr’ettc s
4. Bull’s eye lesion is seen in erythema mar
5. A butterfly rash is seen in systemic iu sese: (SLE)
6. Antinuclear antibodies are a seer. in. SIS
7. Kobner’s phenomenon is seen in Pen mar:
8. Pemphigus vulgaris shows fish net pates immunofluorescence