Bacterial Infections Notes And Short Essays

Oral Medicine Bacterial Infections Important Notes

1. Important Features Of Different Stages Of Syphilis

2. Hutchison’s Triad

• Mulberry molars and notched incisors
• Interstitial keratitis
• 8^th nerve deafness

3. Actinomycosis

• It commonly Involves the cervicofacial region
• There Is the development of multiple abscesses which drain through the skin
• Pus contains sulfur granules

4. Scarlet Fever

• Caused by a hemolytic type of streptococci
• Appears as a bright skin rash
• Small papule erupts through these rashes
• The tongue exhibits a white coating at the fungiform papilla that projects above the surface
• Known as strawberry tongue
• Later the coating is lost and the tongue becomes red and smooth called raspberry tongue

Read And Learn More: Oral Medicine Question and Answers

5. Tuberculosis

• Primary tuberculosis of the skin is called lupus vulgaris
• Primary oral tuberculosis is associated with regional lymphadenopathy mostly involving submandibular and cervical implodes
• It involves gingiva
• Present as diffuse, nodular, or papillary proliferation of gingival tissues
• Secondary oral tuberculosis can affect any site but the most common tongue and palate
• Present as superficial or deep, irregular painful ulcer

6. Psoriasis With Monro Abscess Is Seen In

• Benign migratory glossitis
• Psoriasis
• Reiter’s syndrome

7. Snail Track Ulcers Are Seen In

• Secondary syphilis
• Pyostomatitis vegetans

Oral Medicine Bacterial Infections Short Essays

Question 1. Congenital syphilis.

Answer:

Congenital Syphilis

Congenital Syphilis is an infection of the fetus established by the passage of spirochaetes from the mother, through the placenta

Congenital Syphilis Clinical Features:

1. Within the first 2 weeks of life

Congenital Syphilis Features: Rhinitis

• Chronic nasal discharge
• Loss of weight
• Bullae, vesicle formation
• Superficial desquamation with cracking and scaling of reddened soles and palms
• Petechiae, mucous patches

2. Age – After 2 years

Congenital Syphilis Features:

• Interstitial keratitis
• Vascularization of cornea
• 8th nerve deafness
• Arthropathy
• Neurosyphilis
• Anterior tibial bowing
• Higoumenakis sign – Irregular thickening of a sternoclavicular portion of the cheek

Oral Manifestation:

• Postrhagadic Scarring:
  • These are linear lesions found around oral and anal orifices.
  • These are seen from 3rd- 7th week after birth
  • They appear as red or copper-colored linear areas covered with a soft crush
• Syphilitic Rhagades:
  • They are radially arranged and perpendicular to the mucocutaneous junction
• Teeth:
  • Retarded root resorption of deciduous
  • Marring of permanent incisors
  • Spacing between cuspid and incisors o Malocclusion and the open bite is present
  • The Crown of the molar is irregular
  • The occlusal surface appears to be arranged in an agglomerate mass of globules
  • Incisor-screw driver shaped
  • Constriction of crown towards the incisal edge
  • The incisal edge is usually a notch
  • Rounding of mesial and distal incisal line angles
  • Jaws – Hypoplastic maxilla
  • Frontal bossing
  • Saddle nose deformity

Congenital Syphilis Management:

• Antibiotics:
  • Benzathine penicillin – 2.4 million units/IM
  • Aqueous crystalline penicillin
  • Tetracycline hydrochloride – 500 mg orally 4 times a day
  • Patient allergic to penicillin – Erythromycin 500 mg orally Q1D for 15 days
  • Follow up – Repeated examination is to be done at 1, 3, 6, 9,12,18, and 24 months
  • Prevention – It can be achieved by subjecting pregnant women to antenatal and post-natal checkups.

Oral Medicine Bacterial Infections Short Answers

Question 1. Chancre.

Answer:

Chancre

• Chancre is one of the clinical findings of primary syphilis
• Incubation period – 3 – 90 days
• Site – Lesion develops at the site of inoculation
  • It most frequently occurs on the penis in males and the vulva or cervix in females

Chancre Features:

• The chancre is slightly raised over the surface
• Chancre becomes ulcerated
• Chancre is a non-tender, non-bleeding firm plaque
• Shape – Round and indurated
• Size – Varies from 5 mm to several centimeters
• Edges – Rolled raised edges are seen
• Prognosis – It disappears without treatment after 10 days

Question 2. Hutchison’s Triad.

Answer:

Hutchison’s Triad

• Hutchison’s Triad is a feature of congenital syphilis
• It includes
  • Interstitial keratitis – It results from opacification of the corneal surface with resultant loss of vision
  • Enamel hypoplasia of permanent incisors and 1st permanent molars
  • Eight nerve deafness

Question 3. Split Papule.

Answer:

Split Papule

• Split Papule is a feature of secondary syphilis
• A Split Papule is a double papule that occurs at skin folds and the angle of the mouth

Question 4. Koplik’s spots.

Answer:

Koplik’s Spots

• Koplik’s Spots is one of the important clinical features of measles
• Site: buccal mucosa
• Koplik’s Spots Presentation
  • The mucosa becomes inflamed
  • Over it, there is the presence of white or white-yellow pinpoint papules

Oral Medicine Bacterial Infections Viva Voce

1. Purulent discharge with sulfur granules is characteristic of actinomycosis
2. Tuberculosis is also referred as an acid-fast infection
3. Scrofula refers to tuberculous involvement of cervical lymph nodes
4. Paraesthesia in lips and tongue is found in tertiary syphilis
5. Syphilitic rhagades are found in congenital syphilis
6. Peg-shaped laterals and mulberry molars are found in congenital syphilis
7. Chancre lesions are a characteristic feature of primary syphilis
8. Strawberry tongue is a feature of scarlet fever
9. A lumpy jaw is seen in actinomycosis
10. Sulfur granules are diagnostic of actinomycosis
11. Actinomycosis is also called ray fungus