Chemotherapy Of Malaria Question And Answers

Chemotherapy Of Malaria Important Notes

1. Chloroquine

• Antimalarial drug
• Causes chloroquine retinopathy characterized by
  • Visual disturbances
  • Blurred vision
  • Diplopia
  • Lenticular opacities

Chemotherapy Of Malaria Long Essays

Question 1. Classify the drugs used in malaria and briefly outline the mechanism of actions, uses, and toxicity of chloroquine.
Answer:

Malaria:

• Malaria is caused by 4 species of plasmodium.

Drugs used in malaria – antimalarial drugs:

• These drugs are used for prophylaxis, treatment, and prevention of relapse of malaria.

Antimalarial Drugs Classification:

1. 4-aminoquinolones – chloroquine, amodiaquine.
2. Quinoline – methanol – mefloquine.
3. Cinchona alkaloid – quinine, quinidine.
4. Biguanide – proguanil.
5. Diaminopyrimidine – pyrimethamine.
6. 8-aminoquinolones – primaquine.
7. Sulfonamides – sulfadoxine, dapsone.
8. Tetracyclines – tetracycline, doxycycline.
9. Sesquiterpine – lactones – artesunate, arthemether.
10. Aminoalcohols – halofantrine, lumefantrine.
11. Naphthoquinone – atovaquone.

Chloroquine:

• Chloroquine is a synthetic 4-aminoquinolone.

Chloroquine Mechanism of action:

• The mechanism of action of chloroquine is not clear.

Read And Learn More: Pharmacology Question and Answers

Chloroquine Uses:

1. Malaria.
   • Used for clinical cure and suppressive prophylaxis of all types of malaria.
2. Extraintestinal amoebiasis.
3. Rheumatoid arthritis.
4. Discoid lupus erythematosus.
5. Lepra reactions.
6. Photogenic reactions.

Chloroquine Adverse effects:

• GIT disturbances – nausea, vomiting, anorexia, epigastric pain.
• Pruritis, headache, visual disturbances, insomnia, skin rashes.
• Cardiomyopathy, peripheral neuropathy.
• Long-term therapy causes blurring of vision, loss of hearing, rashes, photoallergy mental disturbances, myopathy, and graying of hair.