Anthelmintics Introduction
The term anthelmintic is restricted to drugs acting locally to expel parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. Several types of worms penetrate other tissues, drugs that act on these parasitic infections are also known as anthelmintics.
The worm parasites of man belong to two phyla: Nemathelminthes (roundworms) and Platyhelminthes (flatworms). The roundworms include hookworm, whipworm, pinworm Strongyloides stercoralis, Trichinella spiralis, and Wuchereria bancrofti.
Anthelmintics Classification
Anthelmintics are classified based on their chemical structures.
- Piperazines: Example Diethylcarbamazine citrate, Piperazine citrate.
- Benzimidazoles: Example Albendazole, Mebendazole, Thiabendazole.
- Heterocyclics: Example Oxamniquine, Praziquantel.
- Natural products: Example Ivermectin, Avermectin.
- Vinyl pyrimidines: Example Pyrantel, Oxantel.
- Amide: Example Niclosamide.
- Nitro derivative: Example Niridazole.
- Imidazo thiazole: Example Levamisole.
Piperazines
Diethylcarbamazine:
Diethylcarbamazine Use: It is the drug of choice for filariasis (Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malayi, Acanthocheilonema perstans).
Read and Learn More Medicinal Chemistry III Notes
Benzimidazole:
Albendazole:
Albendazole Use: It is a new benzimidazole useful in the treatment of intestinal nematode infection and echinococcosis. It is effective against roundworm, hookworm, whipworm, and threadworm infestations. It is effective in the treatment of ascariasis.
Mebendazole:
Mebendazole Use: It is used in the treatment of hookworm, pinworm, roundworm, and whipworm infestation.
Heterocyclics:
Praziquantel:
Praziquantel Use: H is considered the drug of choice for the treatment of Schistosoma japonicum, (blood fluke) (intestinal flukes) clonorchiasis (Chinese liver fluke), and opisthorchiasis (liver fluke).
Anthelmintics Natural Products
Ivermectin:
Ivermectin is usually extracted from the soil of actinomycete Streptomyces avermitilis, the natural Ivermectins are 16- 16-membered macrocyclic lactones, with broad antinematocidal activity. It is a mixture of 22,23 – dihydro derivative of Avermectins Bla and Bib.
Ivermectin Use: Ivermectin is widely used in veterinary practice for the control of endoparasites and ectoparasites in domestic animals. It is also used to treat onchocerciasis in humans caused by roundworm Onchocerca volvulus
Vinyl Pyrimidines:
Vinyl Pyrimidines Use The anthelmintic choice in the treatment of hookworm, pinworm, and roundworm infestations.
Amide:
Niclosamide (Niclosan):
Niclosamide (Niclosan) The anthelmintic of first choice in the treatment of beef tapeworm, fish tapeworm, pork tapeworm, and dwarf tapeworm infestations.
Synthesis Of Mebendazole
Anthelmintics Multiple Choice Question And Answers
Question 1. Piper. vine citrate comes under which class of anthelmintics.
- Heterocyclics
- Benzimidazole
- Piperazines
- Natural product
Answer: 3. Piperazines
Question 2. Which one is the benzimidazole derivative
- Praziquantel
- Mebendazole
- Suramin
- All
Answer: 2. Mebendazole
Question 3. Which one is lmidazo Thiazole…
- Albendazole
- Mebendazole
- Levcmasol
- All
Answer: 3. Levcmasol
Question 4. Anthelmintics are used to irradicate…
- Parasites
- Helminth
- Worms
- All
Answer: 4. All
Anthelmintics Short Question And Answers
Question 1. What arc anlhelimlics or antihelmintics?
Answer:
Anthelmintics: The Ten anthelmintics are restricted to drugs acting locally to expel parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. Several types of worms penetrate other tissues, and drugs that act on these parasitic infections are also known as anthelmintics. Example: Albendazole.
Question 2. Write the use of Ivermectin…
Answer:
Use of Ivermectin: Ivermectin is widely used in veterinary practice for the control of endoparasite and exoparasite in domestic animals. It is also used to treat onchocerciasis in humans caused by roundworm Onchocerca volvulus.
Question 3. Write the use of Pirental…
Answer:
Use of Parental
Lrse of Pirental: The anthelmintic choice in the treatment of hookworm, pinworm, and roundworm infestations.