Aids And The Periodontium Important Notes
1. Gingival and periodontal diseases in HIV Linear gingival erythema
- Necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis
- Necrotizing ulcerative periodontitis
2. Oral hairy leukoplakia
- Primarily occurs in persons with HIV infection
- Found chiefly on the lateral borders of the tongue bilaterally
- The lesions do not rub off and resemble other keratotic oral lesions
Necrotizing Ulcerative Gingivitis Short Essays
Question 1. HIV periodontitis.
Answer:
1. HIV-associated gingivitis:
- Linear inflammation around the gingival margin occurs
- Presence of punctuate erythema
- The lesion extends throughout the width of the attached gingiva
- This occurs even in the presence of excellent oral hygiene
2. HIV-associated periodontitis:
- Rapid loss of attachment
- Tissue destruction
- Deep pain
3. HIV necrotizing gingivitis:
- Sudden onset
- Bleeding on toothbrushing
- Pain
- Characteristic halitosis
- Gingiva appears fairly red and swollen
- Presence of yellow to grayish necrosis
- Common in anterior gingival
4. Necrotizing stomatitis:
- Sequestration of interdental bone
- Soft tissue necrosis
- It is the most severe form of periodontal infection
Read And Learn More: Periodontics Question and Answers
Question 2. Oral manifestations of AIDS.
Answer:
Oral Manifestations Of Aids:
1. Oral hairy leukoplakia:
- Found on lateral borders of the tongue
- Caused by human papillomavirus
- Keratotic, asymptomatic area with vertical stria- tions giving a corrugated appearance
- When dried appears hairy
2. Oral candidiasis:
- Manifested as
- Pseudomembranous candidiasis
- Erythematous candidiasis
- Hyperplastic candidiasis
- Angular chelitis
3. Kaposi’s sarcoma:
- Multifocal, vascular neoplasm manifested as nodules, papules, or non-elevated macules
4. Bacillary angiomatosis:
- It is an infectious vascular proliferative disease
- It appears red, purple, or blue edematous soft tissue lesion
5. Oral hyperpigmentation:
6. Atypical ulcers and delayed healing:
Aids And The Periodontium Short Question and Answers
Question 1. Periodontal disease associated with HIV.
Answer:
1. HIV-associated gingivitis (HIV-G):
- Linear inflammation around the gingival margin
- Punctuate erythema
2. HIV-associated periodontitis (HIV-P):
- Rapid loss of attachment
- Tissue destruction
- Deep pain
3. HIV- necrotizing gingivitis (HIV-NG) – ANUG:
4. Necrotizing stomatitis (NS):
- Sequestration of interdental bone
- Soft tissue necrosis
Question 2. Tests for HIV
Answer:
1. ELISA(Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay):
- It is a color reaction test
Method:
- A serum containing antibodies is developed from the patient’s blood sample
- It is added to the ELISA plate
- Wash off the inactive antibodies
- A second layer of antibodies called conjugate is added
- Excess antibodies are again washed off
- A substrate is added to it
Result:
- Color becomes darker- positive test
- No color change- negative test
2. Western blot test:
Method:
- Viral proteins from the patient’s blood sample are passed through a gel
- The separated proteins are then passed through an electric current
- Human serum is added
- A chromogen is added to it
Result:
- A specific band of viral protein is detected
Question 3. Linear Gingivitis.
Answer:
Gingiva:
- Color – Bright red
- Site – Marginal and attached gingiva
- Bleeding on probing – present
- Progression – Involves entire gingiva
Negative Features:
- No ulceration
- No attachment loss
- No response to treatment
- No relation with plaque accumulation
Treatment:
- Medical consultation
- Scaling
- Irrigation with 10% povidone-iodine
- Mouth rinse-0.12% chlorhexidine Antifungal agents
- daily
Recalls:
- Next day
- After one week
- Every 4 weeks
- Every 3-6 months
Aids And The Periodontium Viva Voce
- Candidiasis is found in 90% of AIDS patients
- In linear gingival erythema, the erythematous, easily bleeding gingiva may be limited to marginal gingiva or may be diffuse extending into attached gingiva
- CD4+ T lymphocyte levels less than 200/mm3 are de- finitive for AIDS and indicate severe immunogenic- science