Maxillofacial Prosthetics Question And Answers

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Maxillofacial Prosthetics: Questions and Answers

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Introduction

Maxillofacial prosthetics is a specialized field within dentistry focused on restoring facial structures lost due to trauma, disease, or congenital conditions. This article provides a comprehensive set of questions and answers related to maxillofacial prosthetics, aimed at students and professionals in the field.

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Definition

Obturator: “A prosthesis used to close a congenital or acquired tissue opening, primarily of the hard palate and/or contiguous alveolar structures”.

Surgical Obturator: It is defined as “A temporary prosthesis used to restore the continuity of the hard palate immediately after sur- gery or traumatic loss of a portion or all of the hard palate and/or contiguous alveolar structures”.

Interim Obturator: It is defined as “A prosthesis that is made several weeks or months following the surgical resection of a portion of one or both maxillae. It frequently includes replacement of teeth in the defect area.’

Definitive Obturator: It is defined as “A prosthesis that artificially replaces part or all of the maxilla and the associated teeth lost due to surgery or trauma”.

Read And Learn More: Prosthodontics Question And Answers

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Important Notes

1. Types Of Obturator

  • Based On The Phase O Treatment
    • Surgical Obturators -Types:
      • Immediate surgical obturator – Inserted at the time of surgery
      • Delayed surgical obturator – Inserted 7–10 days after surgery
      • Definitive obturators
      • Interim Obturators
  • Based On The Material Used
    • Metal obturators
    • Resin obturators
    • Silicone obturators
  • Based On The Area Of Restoration
    • Palatal obturator
    • Metal obturator

2. Materials Used In Maxillofacial Prosthesis:

  • Heat cure acrylic resin
  • Polyvinyl chloride and copolymers
  • Polyurethane elastomers
  • Silicones
  • Polyphosphates
  • Chlorinated polyethylene

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Question and Answers

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Short Essays

Question 1. Treatment Planning for a maxillary prosthesis.
Answer:

  1. First Phase – Initial Stabilization
    • Maxillary Prosthesis lasts for 2 weeks
    • The physician determines the prognosis
  2. Second Phase – Early management
    • Maxillary Prosthesis extends for 2–8 weeks
    • Treatments like inter maxillary Fixation, Splinting, and RCT are done
  3. Third Phase – Intermediate management
    • Maxillary Prosthesis extends for 3–8 months
    • A treatment prosthesis is provided and defects are evaluated
  4. Fourth Phase – Definitive management
    • Maxillary Prosthesis extends from 6 months – 3 years
    • A permanent prosthesis is fabricated

Question 2. Obturators.
Answer:

Obturators Definition: “A prosthesis used to close a congenital or acquired tissue opening, primarily of the hard palate and/or contiguous alveolar structures”.

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Important Questions

Types Of Obturators:

1. Based On The Phase Of Treatment:

  • Surgical Obturators: It is defined as “A temporary prosthesis used to restore the continuity of the hard palate immediately after surgery or traumatic loss of a portion or all of the hard palate and/or contiguous alveolar structures”.
    • Surgical Obturators Types:
      1. Immediate Surgical Obturator:
        • Inserted at the time of surgery
      2. Delayed Surgical Obturator: Inserted 7 -10 days after surgery
        • Interim Obturators: It is defined as “A prosthesis that is made several weeks or months following the surgical resection of a portion of one or both maxillae. It frequently includes the replacement of teeth in the defect area.
          • This prosthesis when used, replaces the surgical obturator that is placed immediately following the resection and may be subsequently replaced with a definitive obturator”.
        • Definitive Obturators: It is defined as “A prosthesis that artificially replaces part or all of the maxilla and the associated teeth lost due to surgery or trauma”.

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Question And Answers

2. Based On The Material Used:

  • Metal obturators
  • Resin obturators
  • Silicone obturators

3. Based On The Area Of Restoration:

  • Palatal obturator
  • Metal obturator

Fabrication Of Obturators:

  • Plan the design and extent of the obturator
  • Primary impression is made
  • Fabricate the custom tray
  • Carry out border molding by asking the patient to swallow
  • The final impression is made using alginate or elastomeric impression materials
  • Record the jaw relation and arrange the teeth. Insert the prosthesis

Uses Of Obturators:

  • Provides stable matrix for surgical packing
  • Reduces oral contamination
  • Effective speech obtained post-operatively
  • Permits deglutition
  • Reduces the psychological impact of surgery
  • Reduce the period of hospitalization

Question 3. Materials for a maxillofacial prosthesis.
Answer:

1. Acrylic Resin: Preferred for restoring defects that require minimal movement

Advantages Of Acrylic resin:

  • Easily available
  • Commonly used material
  • Intrinsic and extrinsic coloration can be used
  • Has better colour stability

Maxillofacial Prosthetics MCQs

Disadvantages Of Acrylic Resin:

  • Rigid
  • Difficulty in duplicating

2. Acrylic Copolymers: They are plasticized methyl methacrylate polymers that are not commonly used

Disadvantages Of Acrylic Copolymers:

  • Tacky so leads to a collection of dust and stains
  • Poor edge strength
  • Poor durability
  • Degrades under sunlight

3. Polyvinyl Chloride And Copolymers: It is a hard, clear, tasteless, and odorless resin

Disadvantages Of Polyvinyl Chloride And Copolymers:

  • Excessive shrinkage
  • Long processing time
  • Discoloration
  • Hardening of the margins

4. Chlorinated Polyethylene:

  • Chlorinated Polyethylene requires metal molds for processing

5. Polyurethane Elastomers:

  • Have excellent elasticity
  • Used to restore defects
  • Has moisture sensitivity during processing
  • Poor color stability

6. Silicones: The most commonly used material

  • Silicones Types:
    • Implant grade
    • Medical grade
    • Clean grade
    • Industrial grade

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Viva Questions

7. Polyphosphates

8. Adhesives:

  • Used to retain a maxillofacial prosthesis

9. Metal:

  • Used to obtain bone anchorage for a prosthesis

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Viva Voce

  1. The interim obturator can serve up to 6 months
  2. The goal of the interim obturator is to restore deglutition and speech
  3. The surgical obturator is used for approximately 5 days

Prosthodontics Maxillofacial Prosthetics Notes

Maxillofacial Prosthetics Conclusion

Maxillofacial prosthetics plays a vital role in improving the quality of life for individuals who have experienced facial disfigurement.

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